§1ἥδιστον μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀνθρώπῳ ὄντι μὴ γενέσθαι μηδένα κίνδυνον περὶ τοῦ σώματος, καὶ εὐχόμενος ἄν τις ταῦτα εὔξαιτο·
It is most pleasant, gentlemen of the jury, for a human being to face no danger concerning his body, and anyone in his prayers would pray for this.
εἰ δʼ ἄρα τις καὶ ἀναγκάζοιτο κινδυνεύειν, τοῦτο γοῦν ὑπάρχειν, ὅπερ μέγιστον ἐγὼ νομίζω ἐν πράγματι τοιούτῳ, αὐτὸν ἑαυτῷ συνειδέναι μηδὲν ἐξημαρτηκότι, ἀλλʼ εἴ τις καὶ συμφορὰ γίγνοιτο, ἄνευ κακότητος καὶ αἰσχύνης γίγνεσθαι, καὶ τύχῃ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀδικίᾳ.
But if, after all, one should be forced to run a risk, it is desirable at least that this should be present—which I consider the greatest thing in such an affair—namely, that he is conscious in himself of having committed no wrong, and that, if any misfortune should occur, it happens without baseness and shame, and by fortune rather than by injustice.
§2καὶ τοὺς μὲν νόμους οἳ κεῖνται περὶ τῶν τοιούτων πάντες ἂν ἐπαινέσειαν κάλλιστα νόμων κεῖσθαι καὶ ὁσιώτατα.
And the laws that are established concerning such matters, everyone would praise as being established most beautifully and holily of all laws.
ὑπάρχει μὲν γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἀρχαιοτάτοις εἶναι ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ, ἔπειτα τοὺς αὐτοὺς αἰεὶ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν, ὅπερ μέγιστον σημεῖον νόμων καλῶς κειμένων· ὁ χρόνος γὰρ καὶ ἡ ἐμπειρία τὰ μὴ καλῶς ἔχοντα διδάσκει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.
For first, they have the privilege of being the most ancient in this land, and secondly, of being always the same concerning the same matters, which is the greatest sign of well-established laws; for time and experience teach men what is not well.
ὥστʼ οὐ δεῖ ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν λόγων τοῦ κατηγοροῦντος τοὺς νόμους μαθεῖν εἰ καλῶς ἔχουσιν ἢ μή, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν νόμων τοὺς τούτων λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς καὶ νομίμως διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ.
Therefore, you must not learn from the words of the accuser whether the laws are good or not, but rather judge from the laws whether his words teach you rightly and lawfully or not.
§3ὁ μὲν οὖν ἀγὼν ἐμοὶ μέγιστος τῷ κινδυνεύοντι καὶ διωκομένῳ· ἡγοῦμαι μέντοι γε καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς δικασταῖς περὶ πολλοῦ εἶναι τὰς φονικὰς δίκας ὀρθῶς διαγιγνώσκειν, μάλιστα μὲν τῶν θεῶν ἕνεκα καὶ τοῦ εὐσεβοῦς, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν.
Thus, while this trial is of the greatest importance to me who am in danger and prosecuted, I believe it is also of high concern to you, the judges, to decide homicide cases rightly, above all for the sake of the gods and piety, and secondly for yourselves.
ἔστι μὲν γὰρ περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου [αὐτοῦ] μία δίκη· αὕτη δὲ μὴ ὀρθῶς καταγνωσθεῖσα ἰσχυροτέρα ἐστὶ τοῦ δικαίου καὶ τοῦ ἀληθοῦς.
For concerning such a matter there is but a single trial; and if this is not rightly decided, it becomes stronger than justice and truth.
§4ἀνάγκη γάρ, ἐὰν ὑμεῖς καταψηφίσησθε, καὶ μὴ ὄντα φονέα μηδʼ ἔνοχον τῷ ἔργῳ χρήσασθαι τῇ δίκῃ, καὶ νόμῳ εἴργεσθαι πόλεως, ἱερῶν, ἀγώνων, θυσιῶν, ἅπερ μέγιστα καὶ παλαιότατα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
For it is necessary, if you cast a condemning vote, that even one who is not a killer and not guilty of the deed must suffer the penalty, and be excluded by law from the city, temples, games, and sacrifices, which are the greatest and most ancient things to mankind.
τοσαύτην γὰρ ἀνάγκην ὁ νόμος ἔχει, ὥστε καὶ ἄν τις κτείνῃ τινὰ ὧν αὐτὸς κρατεῖ καὶ μὴ ἔστιν ὁ τιμωρήσων, τὸ νομιζόμενον καὶ τὸ θεῖον δεδιὼς ἁγνεύει τε ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀφέξεται ὧν εἴρηται ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ἐλπίζων οὕτως ἂν ἄριστα πρᾶξαι.
For the law has such great compulsion that even if someone kills one whom he himself controls, and there is no one to avenge, he, fearing custom and the divine, purifies himself and abstains from what is prescribed in the law, hoping thus to fare best.
§5ἔστι μὲν γὰρ τὰ πλείω τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τοῦ βίου ἐν ταῖς ἐλπίσιν· ἀσεβῶν δὲ καὶ παραβαίνων τὰ εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ αὐτῆς ἂν τῆς ἐλπίδος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ μέγιστον ἀνθρώποις ἀγαθόν, αὐτὸς αὑτὸν ἀποστεροίη.
For most of human life is spent in hopes; but by acting impiously and transgressing against the gods, one would deprive oneself even of hope itself, which is the greatest good to men.
καὶ οὐδεὶς ἂν τολμήσειεν οὔτε τὴν δίκην τὴν δεδικασμένην παραβαίνειν, πιστεύσας ὅτι οὐκ ἔνοχός ἐστι τῷ ἔργῳ, οὔτʼ αὖ συνειδὼς αὐτὸς αὑτῷ ἔργον εἰργασμένος τοιοῦτον μὴ οὐ χρῆσθαι τῷ νόμῳ·
And no one would dare either to transgress a decided judgment, trusting that he is not guilty of the deed, nor again, being conscious in himself of having committed such a deed, dare not to comply with the law.
ἀνάγκη δὲ τῆς τε δίκης νικᾶσθαι παρὰ τὸ ἀληθές, αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς, κἂν μὴ ὁ τιμωρήσων ᾖ.
For it is necessary to be overcome by the judgment against the truth, and by the truth itself, even if there is no one to avenge.
§6αὐτῶν δὲ τούτων ἕνεκα οἵ τε νόμοι καὶ αἱ διωμοσίαι καὶ τὰ τόμια καὶ αἱ προρρήσεις, καὶ τἆλλʼ ὅσα γίγνεται τῶν δικῶν τοῦ φόνου ἕνεκα, πολὺ διαφέροντά ἐστιν ἢ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα, περὶ ὧν οἱ κίνδυνοι, περὶ πλείστου ἐστὶν ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκεσθαι·
For these very reasons, the laws, the solemn oaths, the victims, the proclamations, and all other things that take place for the sake of homicide trials, are far different from those in other cases, because the very matters about which the dangers exist are of the highest importance to be judged rightly.
ὀρθῶς μὲν γὰρ γνωσθέντα τιμωρία ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀδικηθέντος, φονέα δὲ τὸν μὴ αἴτιον ψηφισθῆναι ἁμαρτία καὶ ἀσέβεια εἴς τε τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ τοὺς νόμους.
For if rightly judged, they are an avenging for the wronged, but to vote one who is not guilty as a killer is an error and impiety against both the gods and the laws.
καὶ οὐκ ἴσον ἐστὶ τόν τε διώκοντα μὴ ὀρθῶς αἰτιάσασθαι καὶ ὑμᾶς τοὺς δικαστὰς μὴ ὀρθῶς γνῶναι.
And it is not equal for the prosecutor to accuse wrongly and for you, the judges, to decide wrongly.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ τούτου αἰτίασις οὐκ ἔχει [νῦν] τέλος, ἀλλʼ ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι καὶ τῇ δίκῃ· ὅ τι δʼ ἂν ὑμεῖς μὴ ὀρθῶς γνῶτε, τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστιν ὅποι ἂν ἀνενεγκών τις τὴν αἰτίαν ἀπολύσαιτο.
For his accusation has no final end now, but is in your hands and the trial; but whatever you decide wrongly, there is no place to which one may refer the charge to clear himself.