§2.1νῦν δὴ φανερόν μοι ὅτι αὐταὶ αἱ συμφοραὶ καὶ χρεῖαι τούς τε ἀπράγμονας εἰς ἀγῶνας καταστῆναι τούς τε ἡσυχίους τολμᾶν τά τε ἄλλα παρὰ φύσιν λέγειν καὶ δρᾶν βιάζονται.
Now indeed it is clear to me that misfortunes themselves and necessities force both the inactive to enter into lawsuits and the quiet to be daring, and to speak and act in other ways contrary to their nature.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἥκιστα τοιοῦτος ὢν καὶ βουλόμενος εἶναι, εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι, ὑπʼ αὐτῆς τῆς συμφορᾶς ἠναγκάσθην νῦν παρὰ τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον ὑπὲρ πραγμάτων ἀπολογεῖσθαι, ὧν ἐγὼ χαλεπῶς μὲν τὴν ἀκρίβειαν ἔγνων, ἔτι δὲ ἀπορωτέρως διάκειμαι ὡς χρὴ ὑμῖν ἑρμηνεῦσαι ταῦτα.
For I, being least of such a character and wishing to be so, unless I am very much mistaken, have been forced by the misfortune itself, contrary to my usual manner, to defend myself concerning matters whose exact truth I have comprehended with difficulty, and I am in a still more difficult position as to how I ought to explain these things to you.
§2.2ὑπὸ δὲ σκληρᾶς ἀνάγκης βιαζόμενος, καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς τὸν ὑμέτερον ἔλεον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καταπεφευγὼς δέομαι ὑμῶν, ἐὰν ἀκριβέστερον ἢ ὡς σύνηθες ὑμῖν δόξω εἰπεῖν, μὴ διὰ τὰς προειρημένας τύχας δυσχερῶς ἀποδεξαμένους μου τὴν ἀπολογίαν δόξῃ καὶ μὴ ἀληθείᾳ τὴν κρίσιν ποιήσασθαι· ἡ μὲν γὰρ δόξα τῶν πραχθέντων πρὸς τῶν λέγειν δυναμένων ἐστίν, ἡ δὲ ἀλήθεια πρὸς τῶν δίκαια καὶ ὅσια πρασσόντων.
But being forced by harsh necessity, and having myself fled to your pity, gentlemen judges, I beg of you, even if I seem to speak more precisely than is customary for you, not to make your judgment by opinion and not by truth, having received my defense with displeasure because of the aforementioned misfortunes; for the opinion of what has been done favors those who are able to speak, but the truth favors those who act justly and piously.
§2.3ἐδόκουν μὲν οὖν ἔγωγε ταῦτα παιδεύων τὸν υἱὸν ἐξ ὧν μάλιστα τὸ κοινὸν ὠφελεῖται, ἀμφοῖν τι ἡμῖν ἀγαθὸν ἀποβήσεσθαι· συμβέβηκε δέ μοι πολὺ παρὰ γνώμην τούτων.
I for my part thought, in educating my son in those exercises from which the public is especially benefited, that some good would result for both of us; but it has turned out for me very contrary to my expectation of these things.
τὸ γὰρ μειράκιον οὐχ ὕβρει οὐδὲ ἀκολασίᾳ, ἀλλὰ μελετῶν μετὰ τῶν ἡλίκων ἀκοντίζειν ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ ἔβαλε μέν, οὐκ ἀπέκτεινε δὲ οὐδένα κατά γε τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὧν ἔπραξεν, ἄλλου δʼ εἰς αὑτὸν ἁμαρτόντος εἰς ἀκουσίους αἰτίας ἦλθεν.
For the youth, not from insolence or licentiousness, but practicing throwing the javelin with his peers in the gymnasium, struck indeed, but did not kill anyone according to the truth of what he did, but another having erred against himself, he came into involuntary charges.
§2.4εἰ μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἀκόντιον ἔξω τῶν ὅρων τῆς αὑτοῦ πορείας ἐπὶ τὸν παῖδα ἐξενεχθὲν ἔτρωσεν αὐτόν, οὐδεὶς ἂν ἡμῖν λόγος ὑπελείπετο μὴ φονεῦσιν εἶναι· τοῦ δὲ παιδὸς ὑπὸ τὴν τοῦ ἀκοντίου φορὰν ὑποδραμόντος καὶ τὸ σῶμα προστήσαντος, ὁ μὲν ἐκωλύθη τοῦ σκοποῦ τυχεῖν, ὁ δὲ ὑπὸ τὸ ἀκόντιον ὑπελθὼν ἐβλήθη, καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν οὐχ ἡμετέραν οὖσαν προσέβαλεν ἡμῖν.
For if the javelin, being carried outside the limits of its own course towards the boy, had wounded him, no argument would be left to us that we are not killers; but since the boy ran under the flight of the javelin and placed his body in its way, the one was prevented from hitting the target, while the other, having gone under the javelin, was struck, and brought upon us the charge which was not ours.
§2.5διὰ δὲ τὴν ὑποδρομὴν βληθέντος τοῦ παιδός, τὸ μὲν μειράκιον οὐ δικαίως ἐπικαλεῖται, οὐδένα γὰρ ἔβαλε τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ σκοποῦ ἀφεστώτων· ὁ δὲ παῖς εἴπερ ἑστὼς φανερὸς ὑμῖν ἐστι μὴ βληθείς, ἑκουσίως δʼ ὑπὸ τὴν φορὰν τοῦ ἀκοντίου ὑπελθών, ἔτι σαφεστέρως δηλοῦται διὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν ἀποθανών· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐβλήθη ἀτρεμίζων καὶ μὴ διατρέχων.
And since the boy was struck because of his running under, the youth is not justly accused, for he struck no one of those standing away from the target; and the boy, if indeed it is clear to you that he was not struck while standing, but having voluntarily gone under the flight of the javelin, is shown still more clearly to have died through his own error; for he would not have been struck if he had been standing still and not running across.
§2.6ἀκουσίου δὲ τοῦ φόνου ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ὑμῖν ὁμολογουμένου γενέσθαι, ἐκ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὁποτέρου αὐτῶν ἐστίν, ἔτι γε σαφέστερον ἂν ὁ φονεὺς ἐλεγχθείη.
And since it is agreed by both of you that the killing was involuntary, the killer would be still more clearly convicted from the error, whichever of the two it belongs to.
οἵ τε γὰρ ἁμαρτάνοντες ὡς ἂν ἐπινοήσωσί τι δρᾶσαι, οὗτοι πράκτορες τῶν ἀκουσίων εἰσίν· οἵ τε ἑκούσιόν τι δρῶντες ἢ πάσχοντες, οὗτοι τῶν παθημάτων αἴτιοι γίγνονται.
For those who err in how they intend to do something, these are the agents of the involuntary results; and those who do or suffer something voluntarily, these become the causes of the sufferings.
§2.7τὸ μὲν τοίνυν μειράκιον περὶ οὐδένα οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν.
Now, the youth committed no error towards anyone.
οὔτε γὰρ ἀπειρημένον ἀλλὰ προστεταγμένον ἐξεμελέτα, οὔτε ἐν γυμναζομένοις ἀλλʼ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀκοντιζόντων τάξει ἠκόντιζεν, οὔτε τοῦ σκοποῦ ἁμαρτών, εἰς τοὺς ἀφεστῶτας ἀκοντίσας, τοῦ παιδὸς ἔτυχεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὀρθῶς ὡς ἐπενόει δρῶν ἔδρασε μὲν οὐδὲν ἀκούσιον, ἔπαθε δὲ διακωλυθεὶς τοῦ σκοποῦ τυχεῖν.
For he was practicing not what was forbidden but what was commanded, nor among those exercising but in the rank of those throwing javelins was he throwing, nor, missing the target and throwing among those standing away, did he hit the boy, but doing everything correctly as he intended, he did nothing involuntary, but suffered by being prevented from hitting the target.
§2.8ὁ δὲ παῖς βουλόμενος προδραμεῖν, τοῦ καιροῦ διαμαρτὼν ἐν ᾧ διατρέχων οὐκ ἂν ἐπλήγη, περιέπεσεν οἷς οὐκ ἤθελεν, ἀκουσίως δὲ ἁμαρτὼν εἰς ἑαυτὸν οἰκείαις συμφοραῖς κέχρηται, τῆς δʼ ἁμαρτίας τετιμωρημένος ἑαυτὸν ἔχει τὴν δίκην, οὐ συνηδομένων μὲν οὐδὲ συνεθελόντων ἡμῶν, συναλγούντων δὲ καὶ συλλυπουμένων.
But the boy, wishing to run forward, missing the proper time in which, running across, he would not have been struck, fell into what he did not wish; and having involuntarily erred against himself, he met with his own misfortunes, and having punished himself for the error, he has his penalty, not indeed with our rejoicing or willing, but with our grieving and mourning with him.
τῆς δὲ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τοῦτον ἡκούσης, τό τʼ ἔργον οὐχ ἡμέτερον ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐξαμαρτόντος ἐστί, τό τε πάθος εἰς τὸν δράσαντα ἐλθὸν ἡμᾶς μὲν ἀπολύει τῆς αἰτίας, τὸν δὲ δράσαντα δικαίως ἅμα τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ τετιμώρηται.
And since the error belongs to this one, the deed is not ours but that of the one who erred, and the suffering having come upon the one who did it, frees us from the charge, and the one who did it is justly punished along with his error.
§2.9ἀπολύει δὲ καὶ ὁ νόμος ἡμᾶς, ᾧ πιστεύων, εἴργοντι μήτε ἀδίκως μήτε δικαίως ἀποκτείνειν, ὡς φονέα με διώκει.
And the law also acquits us, trusting in which law, which forbids anyone to kill either justly or unjustly, he prosecutes me as a killer.
ὑπὸ μὲν γὰρ τῆς αὐτοῦ τοῦ τεθνεῶτος ἁμαρτίας ὅδε ἀπολύεται μηδὲ ἀκουσίως ἀποκτεῖναι αὐτόν· ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ διώκοντος οὐδʼ ἐπικαλούμενος ὡς ἑκὼν ἀπέκτεινεν, ἀμφοῖν ἀπολύεται τοῖν ἐγκλημάτοιν, μήτʼ ἄκων μήθʼ ἑκὼν ἀποκτεῖναι.
For by the error of the deceased himself, this young man is acquitted of having killed him even unintentionally; and by the prosecutor, not even being accused of having killed him intentionally, he is acquitted of both charges: of having killed him either unintentionally or intentionally.
§2.10ἀπολυόμενος δὲ ὑπό τε τῆς ἀληθείας τῶν πραχθέντων ὑπό τε τοῦ νόμου καθʼ ὃν διώκεται, οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἕνεκα δίκαιοι τοιούτων κακῶν ἀξιοῦσθαί ἐσμεν.
And being acquitted both by the truth of what was done and by the law under which he is prosecuted, neither on account of our habits are we just to be deemed worthy of such evils.
οὗτός τε γὰρ ἀνόσια πείσεται τὰς οὐ προσηκούσας φέρων ἁμαρτίας, ἐγώ τε μᾶλλον μὲν οὐδέν, ὁμοίως δὲ τούτῳ ἀναμάρτητος ὤν, εἰς πολλαπλασίους τούτου συμφορὰς ἥξω· ἐπί τε γὰρ τῇ τούτου διαφθορᾷ ἀβίωτον τὸ λειπόμενον τοῦ βίου διάξω, ἐπί τε τῇ ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπαιδίᾳ ζῶν ἔτι κατορυχθήσομαι.
For he will suffer unholy things, bearing errors that do not belong to him, and I, being in no way more but equally guiltless with him, will come into misfortunes many times greater than his; for upon his ruin, I shall lead the remainder of my life unlivable, and at my own childlessness, while still living, I shall be buried.
§2.11ἐλεοῦντες οὖν τοῦδε μὲν τοῦ νηπίου τὴν ἀναμάρτητον συμφοράν, ἐμοῦ δὲ τοῦ γηραιοῦ καὶ ἀθλίου τὴν ἀπροσδόκητον κακοπάθειαν, μὴ καταψηφισάμενοι δυσμόρους ἡμᾶς καταστήσητε, ἀλλʼ ἀπολύοντες εὐσεβεῖτε.
Pitying therefore the guiltless misfortune of this youth, and the unexpected suffering of me, an old and wretched man, do not by voting against us make us ill-fated, but by acquitting us, act piously.
ὅ τε γὰρ ἀποθανὼν συμφοραῖς περιπεσὼν οὐκ ἀτιμώρητός ἐστιν, ἡμεῖς τε οὐ δίκαιοι τὰς τούτων ἁμαρτίας συμφέρειν ἐσμέν.
For the deceased, having fallen into misfortunes, is not unavenged, and we are not just to bear the errors of these.
§2.12τήν τε οὖν εὐσέβειαν τούτων τῶν πραχθέντων καὶ τὸ δίκαιον αἰδούμενοι ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως ἀπολύετε ἡμᾶς, καὶ μὴ ἀθλιωτάτω δύο, πατέρα καὶ παῖδα, ἀώροις συμφοραῖς περιβάλητε.
Respecting therefore the piety and the justice of these deeds, acquit us piously and justly, and do not involve two most wretched men, a father and a son, in untimely misfortunes.