Humanitext Reader

Antiphon of Rhamnus · Against the Stepmother for Poisoning §9-16

Refusal of Torture and the Conspiracy with the Concubine

Passage 2 of 4 · Greek

Summary

The prosecutor argues that the defendants' refusal to subject their slaves to torture is decisive proof of guilt, and begins to narrate how the stepmother conspired with the concubine of Philoneos to plot the murder.

§9τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἠθέλησα μὲν τὰ τούτων ἀνδράποδα βασανίσαι, ἃ συνῄδει καὶ πρότερον τὴν γυναῖκα ταύτην, μητέρα δὲ τούτων, τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἡμετέρῳ θάνατον μηχανωμένην φαρμάκοις, καὶ τὸν πατέρα εἰληφότα ἐπʼ αὐτοφώρῳ, ταύτην τε οὐκ οὖσαν ἄπαρνον, πλὴν οὐκ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φάσκουσαν διδόναι ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ φίλτροις.
For on the one hand, I wished to torture their slaves, who knew that previously too this woman, the mother of these men, had plotted death against our father with drugs, and that my father had caught her in the very act, and that she herself did not deny it, except that she claimed she was giving them not to cause death but as a love potion.
§10διὰ οὖν ταῦτα ἐγὼ βάσανον τοιαύτην ἠθέλησα ποιήσασθαι περὶ αὐτῶν, γράψας ἐν γραμματείῳ ἃ ἐπαιτιῶμαι τὴν γυναῖκα ταύτην.
Therefore, because of these things, I wished to conduct such a torture-test concerning them, having written on a tablet the charges I make against this woman.
βασανιστὰς δὲ αὐτοὺς τούτους ἐκέλευον γίγνεσθαι ἐμοῦ παρόντος, ἵνα μὴ ἀναγκαζόμενοι ἃ ἐγὼ ἐπερωτῴην λέγοιεν—ἀλλʼ ἐξήρκει μοι τοῖς ἐν τῷ γραμματείῳ χρῆσθαι· καὶ αὐτό μοι τοῦτο τεκμήριον δίκαιον γενέσθαι, ὅτι ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως μετέρχομαι τὸν φονέα τοῦ πατρός—εἰ δὲ ἄπαρνοι γίγνοιντο ἢ λέγοιεν μὴ ὁμολογούμενα, ἡ βάσανος ἀναγκάζοι τὰ γεγονότα κατηγορεῖν· αὕτη γὰρ καὶ τοὺς τὰ ψευδῆ παρεσκευασμένους λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατηγορεῖν ποιήσει.
And I demanded that these very men should become the torturers in my presence, so that the slaves might not say under compulsion whatever I might ask—as it was sufficient for me to use the questions written on the tablet; and this very refusal of theirs should become a just proof for me that I am rightly and justly prosecuting my father's murderer—and if the slaves should deny the charges or make contradictory statements, the torture would force them to declare the facts; for torture will make even those who have prepared to speak falsehoods declare the truth.
§11καίτοι εὖ οἶδά γʼ, εἰ οὗτοι πρὸς ἐμὲ ἐλθόντες, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα αὐτοῖς ἀπηγγέλθη ὅτι ἐπεξίοιμι τοῦ πατρὸς τὸν φονέα, ἠθέλησαν τὰ ἀνδράποδα ἃ ἦν αὐτοῖς παραδοῦναι, ἐγὼ δὲ μὴ ἠθέλησα παραλαβεῖν, αὐτὰ ἂν ταῦτα μέγιστα τεκμήρια παρείχοντο ὡς οὐκ ἔνοχοί εἰσι τῷ φόνῳ.
And yet, I know well that if these men, as soon as it was reported to them that I was prosecuting my father's murderer, had come to me and wished to hand over the slaves they had, and I had refused to receive them, they would have produced these very facts as the greatest proofs that they are not guilty of the murder.
νῦν δʼ, ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι τοῦτο μὲν ὁ θέλων αὐτὸς βασανιστὴς γενέσθαι, τοῦτο δὲ τούτους αὐτοὺς κελεύων ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ βασανίσαι, ἐμοὶ δήπου εἰκὸς ταὐτὰ ταῦτα τεκμήρια εἶναι ὡς εἰσὶν ἔνοχοι τῷ φόνῳ.
But as it is, since I am the one who on the one hand wished to be the torturer myself, and on the other hand requested these very men to perform the torture instead of me, it is surely reasonable for me that these same facts should be proofs that they are guilty of the murder.
§12εἰ γὰρ τούτων ἐθελόντων διδόναι εἰς βάσανον ἐγὼ μὴ ἐδεξάμην, τούτοις ἂν ἦν ταῦτα τεκμήρια.
For if I had not accepted when they wished to hand them over for torture, these would have been proofs for them.
τὸ αὐτὸ οὖν τοῦτο καὶ ἐμοὶ γενέσθω, εἴπερ ἐμοῦ θέλοντος ἔλεγχον λαβεῖν τοῦ πράγματος αὐτοὶ μὴ ἠθέλησαν δοῦναι.
Therefore, let this same advantage be mine, since, when I wished to obtain an examination of the matter, they themselves were unwilling to hand them over.
δεινὸν δʼ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ εἶναι, εἰ ὑμᾶς μὲν ζητοῦσιν αἰτεῖσθαι ὅπως αὐτῶν μὴ καταψηφίσησθε, αὐτοὶ δὲ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἠξίωσαν δικασταὶ γενέσθαι δόντες βασανίσαι τὰ αὑτῶν ἀνδράποδα.
And it seems to me to be a shocking thing if, while they seek to entreat you not to find them guilty, they themselves did not think fit to become judges of their own case by surrendering their own slaves for torture.
§13περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων οὐκ ἄδηλον ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἔφευγον τῶν πραχθέντων τὴν σαφήνειαν πυθέσθαι· ᾔδεσαν γὰρ οἰκεῖον σφίσι τὸ κακὸν ἀναφανησόμενον, ὥστε σιωπώμενον καὶ ἀβασάνιστον αὐτὸ ἐᾶσαι ἐβουλήθησαν.
Therefore, concerning these matters, it is not unclear that they themselves avoided finding out the clear truth of what had been done; for they knew that the evil would be revealed as belonging to their own family, and so they wished to leave it silenced and untortured.
ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὑμεῖς γε, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἔγωγʼ εὖ οἶδα, ἀλλὰ σαφὲς ποιήσετε.
But you will not do so, gentlemen, as I well know, but you will make it clear.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μέχρι τούτου· περὶ δὲ τῶν γενομένων πειράσομαι ὑμῖν διηγήσασθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν·
Now, so much for these matters; but concerning what happened, I will try to relate the truth to you.
δίκη δὲ κυβερνήσειεν.
May justice guide us.
§14ὑπερῷόν τι ἦν τῆς ἡμετέρας οἰκίας, ὃ εἶχε Φιλόνεως ὁπότʼ ἐν ἄστει διατρίβοι, ἀνὴρ καλός τε κἀγαθὸς καὶ φίλος τῷ ἡμετέρῳ πατρί·
There was an upper room in our house, which Philoneos used whenever he stayed in town—a gentleman and a friend of our father.
καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ παλλακή, ἣν ὁ Φιλόνεως ἐπὶ πορνεῖον ἔμελλε καταστῆσαι.
And he had a concubine, whom Philoneos was planning to establish in a brothel.
ταύτην οὖν [πυθομένη] ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἐποιήσατο φίλην.
So, my brother's mother, [having learned of this], made a friend of her.
§15αἰσθομένη δʼ ὅτι ἀδικεῖσθαι ἔμελλεν ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλόνεω, μεταπέμπεται, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἦλθεν, ἔλεξεν αὐτῇ ὅτι καὶ αὐτὴ ἀδικοῖτο ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἡμετέρου·
Perceiving that she was about to be wronged by Philoneos, she sent for her, and when she came, she told her that she too was being wronged by our father.
εἰ οὖν ἐθέλει πείθεσθαι, ἔφη ἱκανὴ εἶναι ἐκείνῃ τε τὸν Φιλόνεων φίλον ποιῆσαι καὶ αὑτῇ τὸν ἐμὸν πατέρα, εἶναι φάσκουσα αὑτῆς μὲν τοῦτο εὕρημα, ἐκείνης δʼ ὑπηρέτημα.
She said that if she was willing to obey her, she was capable of making Philoneos friendly to that woman, and my father friendly to herself, asserting that this was her own invention, and the other's task was to assist.
§16ἠρώτα οὖν αὐτὴν εἰ ἐθελήσει διακονῆσαί οἱ, καὶ ἣ ὑπέσχετο τάχιστα, ὡς οἶμαι.
She therefore asked her if she would be willing to serve her, and she promised to do so at once, as I believe.
μετὰ ταῦτα ἔτυχε τῷ Φιλόνεῳ ἐν Πειραιεῖ ὄντα ἱερὰ Διὶ Κτησίῳ, ὁ δὲ πατὴρ ὁ ἐμὸς εἰς Νάξον πλεῖν ἔμελλεν.
After this, it happened that Philoneos had a sacrifice to Zeus Ktesios in Piraeus, and my father was about to sail to Naxos.
κάλλιστον οὖν ἐδόκει εἶναι τῷ Φιλόνεῳ τῆς αὐτῆς ὁδοῦ ἅμα μὲν προπέμψαι εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ τὸν πατέρα τὸν ἐμὸν φίλον ὄντα ἑαυτῷ, ἅμα δὲ θύσαντα τὰ ἱερὰ ἑστιᾶσαι ἐκεῖνον.
It therefore seemed best to Philoneos, on the same journey, on the one hand to escort my father, who was his friend, to Piraeus, and on the other hand, having performed the sacrifice, to entertain him there.

Notes

  1. §9ἃ συνῄδει — The relative pronoun ἃ refers back to the antecedent τὰ ... ἀνδράποδα (the slaves). It functions as the neuter plural subject of the verb συνῄδει (third-person singular imperfect of σύνοιδα, agreeing with a neuter plural subject). This verb governs the series of subsequent participles—μηχανωμένην, εἰληφότα, and οὐκ οὖσαν ... φάσκουσαν—as supplementary participles indicating the facts of which the slaves were cognizant.
  2. §10καὶ αὐτό μοι τοῦτο τεκμήριον δίκαιον γενέσθαι — This phrase is introduced in connection with the main verb ἐκέλευον (I demanded) or as a result of the preceding clause. The infinitive γενέσθαι functions either as an infinitive of purpose/result depending on the main verb ("and that this very thing should become a just proof for me") or as an independent infinitive expressing a wish or consequence.
  3. §11αὐτά ἂν ταῦτα μέγιστα τεκμήρια παρείχοντο — This clause forms the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence introduced by εἰ (εἰ ... ἠθέλησαν ... ἐγὼ δὲ μὴ ἠθέλησα ...). It utilizes the particle ἄν with the imperfect indicative (here the third-person plural middle imperfect παρείχοντο) to express what would have happened in the past but did not: "they would have produced these very facts as the greatest proofs."
  4. §14ὃ εἶχε Φιλόνεως ὁπότʼ ἐν ἄστει διατρίβοι — Within the relative clause ὃ εἶχε Φιλόνεως..., the verb in the temporal clause introduced by ὁπότε is the optative διατρίβοι. This is an iterative optative expressing a repeated or customary action in the past ("whenever he stayed in town"), indicating that Philoneos occupied the room on every occasion he visited the city.
  5. §15εἶναι φάσκουσα αὑτῆς μὲν τοῦτο εὕρημα, ἐκείνης δʼ ὑπηρέτημα — The participle φάσκουσα (asserting) governs an accusative and infinitive construction (A.C.I.). Since the subject of the infinitive εἶναι is the same as the speaker (the stepmother), it is omitted in the accusative, while the genitive pronouns (αὑτῆς, ἐκείνης) qualify the predicate nouns εὕρημα (invention) and ὑπηρέτημα (task/service): "claiming that this was her own invention, and the other's was to assist."
  6. §16ἔτυχε τῷ Φιλόνεῳ ἐν Πειραιεῖ ὄντα ἱερὰ — Although ἔτυχε might at first glance look like an impersonal construction, its subject is actually the neuter plural noun ἱερά (sacrifices). It forms a construction with the participle (τυγχάνω + participle, meaning "happen to be"), where ὄντα is the neuter plural nominative participle of εἰμί, agreeing with ἱερά. Thus, "it happened that there were sacrifices in Piraeus for Philoneos."

Cite this passage

Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning §9-16. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0028.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9-16

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