Humanitext Reader

Aeschines · Letters §12.10-12.17

Poverty in Exile and Appeal for Mercy for His Family

Passage 14 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Aeschines describes his impoverished and simple life in exile alongside his elderly mother and young children, contrasting their undeserved hardships with the fortunes of others. He passionately appeals to the traditional generosity and noble character of the Athenian people, urging them to show mercy to his children despite the hostile opposition of Melanopus.

§12.10τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἄγχιστα τῆς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδος ἑστάναι κατειρωνευομένων ἔμοιγε τῆς συμφορᾶς εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ στεργόντων ἐδόκει τὴν πόλιντὸν δὲ ὄντως στέργοντα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν ὡς πορρωτατῶ μᾶλλον αὐτῆς ἐχρῆν ἀπιέναι, καὶ μηδὲν ἐν τοῖς ὄμμασιν ὑπόμνημα ἔχειν, ὅ τὴν γνώμην ἀμύξει.
For to stand as close as possible to one's own country seemed to me to belong to those who mock their misfortune rather than to those who love the city; but one who truly loves his own city ought rather to go away as far as possible from it, and to have no reminder before his eyes which will lacerate his mind.
§12.11καὶ γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐνταῦθα μείνας φανείην ἄν, ἀλλὰ τῆς περαίας ἑλόμενός τι φρούριον μικρόν, ʼʼΑμὸν· κἀνταῦθα πριάμενος χωρία τοσούτων ταλάντων, ὅσων εἰκὸς ἥν τὸν Φιλίππου μὲν πρότερον, εἶτʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου μισθωτὸν ὕστερον γενόμενον, καὶ Φωκεῖς προδόντα καὶ τὴν τῶν Ἐλλήνων ἐλευθερίαν Μακεδόσι, κάθημαι μεθʼ ἑπτὰ θεραπόντων ἐνταῦθα καὶ δυοῖν μόνων γνωρίμων καὶ τῆς μητρός, §12.12ἢ τρίτον ἔχουσα καὶ ἑβδομηκοστὸν ἔτος ἔπλευσε σύν ἐμοὶ μεθέξουσα τῆς διʼ ὑμᾶς μοι συμφορᾶς γενομένης, καὶ μετὰ γυναικός, ἢ συνεξέπεσέ μοι κωλύοντος αὐτὴν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μένειν ἴσως ἀναγκαζόντων τῶν νόμων, τὸν τρόπον τῆς πόλεως μᾶλλον ἢ τοὺς νόμους ἐπισταμένη, καὶ μετὰ τριῶν παίδων οὐδέπω καὶ νῦν τῆς ἑαυτῶν συμφορᾶς ἐπαισθομένων, οὐδὲ ὁποίαν μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς δέδωκε γιγνομένοις πατρίδα τὴν Ἀθηναίων πόλιν, ὁποίαν δʼ εὐθέως γενομένων ἀφῇρηται πάλιν.
Indeed, I would not even be seen to have remained here, but having chosen a certain small fortress on the opposite coast, Hamon, and having purchased land there for as many talents as was expected for one who had become first the hireling of Philip and later of Alexander, and who had betrayed both the Phocians and the liberty of the Greeks to the Macedonians, I sit here with seven servants, and only two acquaintances, and my mother, who, in her seventy-third year, sailed with me to share in the misfortune that has come upon me because of you, and with my wife, who went into exile with me though her father tried to prevent her and the laws perhaps compelled her to remain, since she understood the character of the city more than its laws, and with my three children, who even now do not yet perceive their own misfortune, nor what sort of fatherland the god gave them when they were born, namely the city of the Athenians, and what sort of city he has immediately snatched away from them again after they were born.
§12.13καὶ ἕτεροι μέν, ὡς ἔοικε, τοὺς ἑαυτῶν παῖδας, τοὺς ἢ ἐν Βοιωτίᾳ γενηθέντας ἢ ἐν Αἴτωλιᾳ, πρὸς ὑμᾶς πέμπουσι τῆς αὐτόθι παιδείας μεθέξοντας· οἷς δὲ ταῦτα παρὰ τῆς φύσεως ὑπῆρξεν, οὐ δημοποιήτου πατρὸς οὗσιν οὐδʼ ἐπʼ αἰτίαις αἰσχραῖς ἑαλωκότος, φεύγουσιν ἔτι νήπιοι, καὶ τρέφονται πένητες ἐν ἐρημίᾳ τε καὶ φυγῇ πατρῴᾳ.
And others, as it seems, send their own children, who were born either in Boeotia or in Aetolia, to you to share in the education there; but those to whom these privileges belonged by nature, who are not of a naturalized father nor of one convicted on shameful charges, are exiled while still infants, and are brought up poor in isolation and in their father’s exile.
§12.14καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν Αυκούργου παίδων Δημοσθένης ὑμῖν ἐπιστέλλει, καὶ δεῖται καλῶς ποιῶν χαρίσασθαι τὸ πατρῷον αὐτοῖς ὄφλημα, καὶ ὑμεῖς οὐδὲν ἄλλʼ ἤ Ἀθηναίων ἔργον, ἐλεήσαντες αὐτοὺς καὶ χαρισάο μένοι, ἐποιήσατε· καὶ γὰρ ὀργίζεσθαι ῥᾳδίως ὑμῖν ἔθος ἐστὶν καὶ χαρίζεσθαι πάλιν·
And concerning the children of Lycurgus, Demosthenes sends letters to you, and begs, doing well, to grant them favor regarding their father's debt, and you, having pitied them and granted the favor, did nothing other than a work worthy of Athenians; for indeed it is your custom to get angry easily and to show favor again.
§12.15ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐμαυτοῦ παίδων οὐκ ἂν ὑμᾶς πείσαιμι δεόμενος, ὡς μή μοι μὴ μόνον ἐν ὀρφανίᾳ τραφῶσιν, ἀλλʼ ὀρφανοί θʼ ἄμα καὶ φυγάδες ὄντες, οὔτε ἀδικήσαντες παῖδες ὄντες, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ἄλλως ἑαλωκότες, τὰ μέντοι τῶν ἑαλωκότων πάντα πεπονθότες;
But shall I, entreating on behalf of my own children, not persuade you, so that they might not be brought up for me not only in fatherlessness, but being at once orphans and exiles, though having done no wrong as they are children, nor having been otherwise convicted, yet suffering all the things of those who have been convicted?
εἶτα τελευτήσαντος ἄν ἀναμνησθεῖτέ μου, καὶ χαρίσαισθε τὰς δεήσεις, νῦν οὐ προσέχοντες ἡμῖν;
Then, after I have died, would you remember me and grant my entreaties, while now you pay no attention to us?
ἀλλὰ καὶ πράξατε. ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ πείσθητε, τὰ συνήθη τε αὐτοῖς καὶ μέτρια ποιοῦντες.
Nay, act, O men of Athens, and be persuaded, doing what is customary and moderate for them.
§12.16οὐ γὰρ ἂν δὴ τῶν τρόπων ἀποσταίητε καὶ καταλύσαιτε τὴν τῆς πόλεως δόξαν, ἢν ἐπὶ χρηστότητι μείζω καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ διὰ παντὸς ἔσχεν ἢ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἀρεταῖς πάσαις ἡ πόλις.
For you surely would not depart from your character and destroy the reputation of the city, which the city has always held to be greater for goodness and humanity than for all other virtues.
οὐδʼ ἂν Μελάνωπος ἰσχύσειε πλέον κωλύων ὑμᾶς μιμεῖσθαι τὴν ἑαυτῶν χρηστότητα καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν, §12.17ἢ παρακαλῶν — οὐκ Αἰσχίνης, οὐδαμῶς μὰ τοὺς θεούς· οὐ γὰρ αὐτάρκης οὐδʼ εὐτυχὴς πείθειν ἔγωγε τὴν πατρίδα τὴν ἐμήν, καὶ μάλιστα νῦν, ἐμαυτοῦ χάριν πείθειν δοκῶν· ἀλλʼ ὁ τῆς πόλεως τρόπος καὶ τὸ πάλαι ὑμῶν ὄνομα καὶ τὸ τῶν προγόνων ἡθος, οἶς ἀναγκαιότερον δήπουθεν ἢ Μελανώπῳ καθʼ ἡμῶν δεομένῳ προσέχειν.
Nor would Melanopus have more power in preventing you from imitating your own goodness and humanity, than those who exhort you—not Aeschines, by no means, by the gods; for I am neither self-sufficient nor fortunate enough to persuade my own country, and especially now, when I seem to persuade for my own sake; but the character of the city, and your ancient reputation, and the disposition of your ancestors, to which it is surely more necessary for you to attend than to Melanopus who petitions against us.

Notes

  1. 12.10κατειρωνευομένων — A present genitive participle used substantively to mean 'those who mock/dissemble their misfortune.' It describes people who stay near the border out of cynical irony rather than true patriotism, contrasted with 'those who love the city' (στεργόντων).
  2. 12.11ὅσων εἰκὸς ἦν — The relative pronoun ὅσων is attracted to the genitive case of its antecedent ταλάντων (attraction). The impersonal phrase εἰκὸς ἦν ('it was likely/expected') introduces a highly ironical reference, turning the enemies' accusation that Aeschines gained massive wealth as a Macedonian hireling on its head.
  3. 12.12κωλύοντος αὐτὴν τοῦ πατρὸς — A genitive absolute construction expressing concession ('although her father tried to prevent her'). The subsequent phrase, καὶ μένειν ἴσως ἀναγκαζόντων τῶν νόμων, is also a genitive absolute in parallel.
  4. 12.15οὐκ ἂν ὑμᾶς πείσαιμι δεόμενος — A potential optative formed by the particle ἄν and the optative πείσαιμι. Together they form a rhetorical question ('Could I not persuade you...?'), expressing a powerful and emotional plea for mercy on behalf of his children.
  5. 12.17ἢ παρακαλῶν — A participle clause introduced by the conjunction ἤ ('than'), which correlates with the comparative adverb πλέον ('more') in the previous section (§12.16). It contrasts the power of Melanopus in 'preventing' (κωλύων) with the power of those 'exhorting' (παρακαλῶν), i.e., the city's character and traditions.

Cite this passage

Aeschines, Letters §12.10-12.17. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0026.tlg004.humanitext-grc1:12.10-12.17

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