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Hesiod · Theogony §808-881

Zeus Subdues Typhoeus and the Origin of Storm Winds

Passage 12 of 14 · Greek

Summary

After a fierce battle, Zeus defeats Typhoeus, the youngest son of Earth, and casts him into Tartarus, from whom then arise various harmful storm winds that afflict mortals.

§808πόντου τʼ ἀτρυγέτοιο καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος §809ἑξείης πάντων πηγαὶ καὶ πείρατʼ ἔασιν §810ἀργαλέʼ εὐρώεντα, τά τε στυγέουσι θεοί περ.
of the barren sea and starry heaven, there in order are the sources and ends of all, painful and dank, which even the gods detest.
§811ἔνθα δὲ μαρμάρεαί τε πύλαι καὶ χάλκεος οὐδὸς §812ἀστεμφής, ῥίζῃσι διηνεκέεσσιν ἀρηρώς, §813αὐτοφυής· πρόσθεν δὲ θεῶν ἔκτοσθεν ἁπάντων §814Τιτῆνες ναίουσι, πέρην Χάεος ζοφεροῖο.
And there are shining gates and a bronze threshold, unshaken, fixed with continuous roots, grown naturally; and in front, far from all the gods, the Titans dwell, beyond gloomy Chaos.
§815αὐτὰρ ἐρισμαράγοιο Διὸς κλειτοὶ ἐπίκουροι §816δώματα ναιετάουσιν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο θεμέθλοις, §817Κόττος τʼ ἠδὲ Γύης· Βριάρεών γε μὲν ἠὺν ἐόντα §818γαμβρὸν ἑὸν ποίησε βαρύκτυπος Ἐννοσίγαιος, §819δῶκε δὲ Κυμοπόλειαν ὀπυίειν, θυγατέρα ἥν.
But the famous allies of loud-thundering Zeus dwell in halls upon the foundations of Ocean, namely Cottus and Gyges; but Briareos, being noble, the heavy-sounding Earth-shaker made his son-in-law, and gave him Cymopoleia, his daughter, to marry.
§820αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Τιτῆνας ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἐξέλασεν Ζεύς, §821ὁπλότατον τέκε παῖδα Τυφωέα Γαῖα πελώρη §822Ταρτάρου ἐν φιλότητι διὰ χρυσέην Ἀφροδίτην·
But when Zeus had driven the Titans out of heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child, Typhoeus, in love with Tartarus, through golden Aphrodite.
§823οὗ χεῖρες μὲν ἔασιν ἐπʼ ἰσχύι, ἔργματʼ ἔχουσαι, §824καὶ πόδες ἀκάματοι κρατεροῦ θεοῦ· ἐκ δέ οἱ ὤμων §825ἣν ἑκατὸν κεφαλαὶ ὄφιος, δεινοῖο δράκοντος, §826γλώσσῃσιν δνοφερῇσι λελιχμότες, ἐκ δέ οἱ ὄσσων §827θεσπεσίῃς κεφαλῇσιν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι πῦρ ἀμάρυσσεν· §828πασέων δʼ ἐκ κεφαλέων πῦρ καίετο δερκομένοιο·
His hands indeed are fit for deeds of strength, and tireless are the feet of the mighty god; and from his shoulders were a hundred heads of a snake, a dread dragon, flickering with dark tongues, and from his eyes under the brows in those wondrous heads fire flashed; and from all his heads fire burned as he looked.
§829φωναὶ δʼ ἐν πάσῃσιν ἔσαν δεινῇς κεφαλῇσι §830παντοίην ὄπʼ ἰεῖσαι ἀθέσφατον· ἄλλοτε μὲν γὰρ §831φθέγγονθʼ ὥστε θεοῖσι συνιέμεν, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε §832ταύρου ἐριβρύχεω, μένος ἀσχέτου, ὄσσαν ἀγαύρου, §833ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε λέοντος ἀναιδέα θυμὸν ἔχοντος, §834ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ σκυλάκεσσιν ἐοικότα, θαύματʼ ἀκοῦσαι, §835ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ ῥοίζεσχʼ, ὑπὸ δʼ ἤχεεν οὔρεα μακρά.
And there were voices in all his dreadful heads uttering every kind of unspeakable sound: for at one time they made sounds such as the gods could understand, at another time again the voice of a bellowing bull, untamable in might, proud in sound, and at another time of a lion having a ruthless heart, and at another time like whelps, wondrous to hear, and at another time he would hiss, and the high mountains echoed beneath.
§836καί νύ κεν ἔπλετο ἔργον ἀμήχανον ἤματι κείνῳ §837καί κεν ὅ γε θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἄναξεν, §838εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε.
And now an irremediable deed would have been done on that day, and he would have ruled over mortals and immortals, had not the father of men and gods quickly noticed.
§839σκληρὸν δʼ ἐβρόντησε καὶ ὄβριμον, ἀμφὶ δὲ γαῖα §840σμερδαλέον κονάβησε καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε §841πόντος τʼ Ὠκεανοῦ τε ῥοαὶ καὶ Τάρταρα γαίης.
He thundered harshly and mightily, and all around the earth resounded terribly, and the wide heaven above, and the sea, and the streams of Ocean, and the Tartarus of the earth.
§842ποσσὶ δʼ ὕπʼ ἀθανάτοισι μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος §843ὀρνυμένοιο ἄνακτος· ἐπεστενάχιζε δὲ γαῖα.
Great Olympus reeled under the immortal feet of the lord as he rose up; and the earth groaned beneath.
§844καῦμα δʼ ὑπʼ ἀμφοτέρων κάτεχεν ἰοειδέα πόντον §845βροντῆς τε στεροπῆς τε, πυρός τʼ ἀπὸ τοῖο πελώρου, §846πρηστήρων ἀνέμων τε κεραυνοῦ τε φλεγέθοντος.
And heat from both of them seized the violet-dark sea, from the thunder and lightning, and from the fire of that monster, from scorching winds and the blazing thunderbolt.
§847ἔζεε δὲ χθὼν πᾶσα καὶ οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα· §848θυῖε δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ ἀκτὰς περί τʼ ἀμφί τε κύματα μακρὰ §849ῥιπῇ ὕπʼ ἀθανάτων, ἔνοσις δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει·
All the earth boiled, and the heaven, and the sea; and long waves raged along the shores, round and about, under the rush of the immortals, and an unquenchable shaking arose.
§850τρέε δʼ Ἀίδης, ἐνέροισι καταφθιμένοισιν ἀνάσσων, §851Τιτῆνές θʼ ὑποταρτάριοι, Κρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντες, §852ἀσβέστου κελάδοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηιοτῆτος.
Hades trembled, ruling over the dead below, and the Titans under Tartarus, who are around Cronus, at the unquenchable din and the terrible battle.
§853Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν κόρθυνεν ἑὸν μένος, εἵλετο δʼ ὅπλα, §854βροντήν τε στεροπήν τε καὶ αἰθαλόεντα κεραυνόν, §855πλῆξεν ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο ἐπάλμενος· ἀμφὶ δὲ πάσας §856ἔπρεσε θεσπεσίας κεφαλὰς δεινοῖο πελώρου.
But when Zeus had mustered his strength, and took his weapons, thunder and lightning and the glowing thunderbolt, he leaped down from Olympus and struck; and all around he burned the wondrous heads of the dread monster.
§857αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δή μιν δάμασεν πληγῇσιν ἱμάσσας, §858ἤριπε γυιωθείς, στενάχιζε δὲ γαῖα πελώρη.
But when he had vanquished him, scourging him with blows, he fell down maimed, and the huge earth groaned.
§859φλὸξ δὲ κεραυνωθέντος ἀπέσσυτο τοῖο ἄνακτος §860οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃσιν ἀιδνῇς παιπαλοέσσῃς, §861πληγέντος.
And flame shot forth from that thunder-stricken lord in the dim, rugged glens of the mountain, when he was struck.
πολλὴ δὲ πελώρη καίετο γαῖα §862ἀτμῇ θεσπεσίῃ καὶ ἐτήκετο κασσίτερος ὣς §863τέχνῃ ὕπʼ αἰζηῶν ἐν ἐυτρήτοις χοάνοισι §864θαλφθείς, ἠὲ σίδηρος, ὅ περ κρατερώτατός ἐστιν. §865οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃσι δαμαζόμενος πυρὶ κηλέῳ §866τήκεται ἐν χθονὶ δίῃ ὑφʼ Ἡφαιστου παλάμῃσιν.
And much of the huge earth was burned by the wondrous vapor, and melted like tin warmed by the art of youths in well-bored crucibles, or iron, which is the strongest thing, subdued by glowing fire in the glens of the mountain, melts in the divine earth under the hands of Hephaestus.
§867ὣς ἄρα τήκετο γαῖα σέλαι πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο.
So then was the earth melted by the flash of the burning fire.
§868ῥῖψε δέ μιν θυμῷ ἀκαχὼν ἐς Τάρταρον εὐρύν.
And in anger of heart he cast him into wide Tartarus.
§869ἐκ δὲ Τυφωέος ἔστʼ ἀνέμων μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων, §870νόσφι Νότου Βορέω τε καὶ ἀργέστεω Ζεφύροιο· §871οἵ γε μὲν ἐκ θεόφιν γενεή, θνητοῖς μέγʼ ὄνειαρ· §872οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι μαψαῦραι ἐπιπνείουσι θάλασσαν· §873αἳ δή τοι πίπτουσαι ἐς ἠεροειδέα πόντον, §874πῆμα μέγα θνητοῖσι, κακῇ θυίουσιν ἀέλλῃ· §875ἄλλοτε δʼ ἄλλαι ἄεισι διασκιδνᾶσί τε νῆας §876ναύτας τε φθείρουσι· κακοῦ δʼ οὐ γίγνεται ἀλκὴ §877ἀνδράσιν, οἳ κείνῃσι συνάντωνται κατὰ πόντον· §878αἳ δʼ αὖ καὶ κατὰ γαῖαν ἀπείριτον ἀνθεμόεσσαν §879ἔργʼ ἐρατὰ φθείρουσι χαμαιγενέων ἀνθρώπων §880πιμπλεῖσαι κόνιός τε καὶ ἀργαλέου κολοσυρτοῦ.
And from Typhoeus comes the force of wet-blowing winds, apart from Notus, Boreas, and clearing Zephyrus; these indeed are of divine generation, a great boon to mortals, but the others are random gusts blowing over the sea; they falling into the misty sea, a great bane to mortals, rage with evil storm; and at different times different ones blow, and scatter ships, and destroy sailors; and there is no defense against evil for men who meet them on the sea; and these again over the limitless, flowery land destroy the lovely works of earth-born men, filling them with dust and painful uproar.
§881αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥα πόνον μάκαρες θεοὶ ἐξετέλεσσαν,
But when the blessed gods had finished their toil...

Notes

  1. §817Βριάρεών γε μὲν ἠὺν ἐόντα — The accusative noun Βριάρεων, along with its adjective ἠύν and participle ἐόντα, is placed in a proleptic position, serving as the direct object of the verb ποίησε (made) in line 818.
  2. §836καί νύ κεν ἔπλετο ... εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε — An unreal past (irrealis) conditional construction. The apodosis (lines 836–837) features the particle κεν with indicative past verbs (ἔπλετο, ἄναξεν), while the protasis (line 838) is introduced by εἰ μὴ with an indicative past verb (νόησε).
  3. §852ἀσβέστου κελάδοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηιοτῆτος — Genitive of cause modifying the verb of trembling τρέε in line 850, explaining the reason (the unquenchable din and terrible battle) why Hades and the Titans trembled.

Cite this passage

Hesiod, Theogony §808-881. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:808-881

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