Humanitext Reader

Hesiod · Theogony §440-513

Birth of Zeus and Deliverance of the Siblings

Passage 7 of 14 · Greek

Summary

The description of Hecate's functions concludes with her power over fishing, pastoralism, and child-rearing. This is followed by the birth of Rhea's children by Cronos, the swallowing of those children, the trick devised by Rhea, Ouranos, and Gaia to save Zeus with a stone, Zeus's subsequent victory in forcing Cronos to vomit his siblings, and the genealogy of the children of Iapetus.

§440καὶ τοῖς, οἳ γλαυκὴν δυσπέμφελον ἐργάζονται, §441εὔχονται δʼ Ἑκάτῃ καὶ ἐρικτύπῳ Ἐννοσιγαίῳ, §442ῥηιδίως ἄγρην κυδρὴ θεὸς ὤπασε πολλήν, §443ῥεῖα δʼ ἀφείλετο φαινομένην, ἐθέλουσά γε θυμῷ.
And for those who work the grey, difficult sea, and pray to Hecate and the loud-sounding Earth-shaker, easily the glorious goddess grants much catch, and easily she takes it away when it is seen, if she so wills in her heart.
§444ἐσθλὴ δʼ ἐν σταθμοῖσι σὺν Ἑρμῇ ληίδʼ ἀέξειν· §445βουκολίας δʼ ἀγέλας τε καὶ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν §446ποίμνας τʼ εἰροπόκων ὀίων, θυμῷ γʼ ἐθέλουσα, §447ἐξ ὀλίγων βριάει κἀκ πολλῶν μείονα θῆκεν.
And she is good in the folds with Hermes to increase the stock; the herds of cattle and broad droves of goats, and flocks of woolly sheep, if she so wills in her heart, she makes great from a few, and makes less from many.
§448οὕτω τοι καὶ μουνογενὴς ἐκ μητρὸς ἐοῦσα §449πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι τετίμηται γεράεσσιν.
Thus indeed, though being an only child from her mother, she is honored among all the immortals with privileges.
§450θῆκε δέ μιν Κρονίδης κουροτρόφον, οἳ μετʼ ἐκείνην §451ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδοντο φάος πολυδερκέος Ἠοῦς.
And the son of Cronos made her a nurse of children, who after her saw with their eyes the light of far-seeing Eos.
§452οὕτως ἐξ ἀρχῆς κουροτρόφος, αἳ δέ τε τιμαί.
Thus from the beginning she is a nurse of children, and these are her honors.
§453Ῥείη δὲ δμηθεῖσα Κρόνῳ τέκε φαίδιμα τέκνα, §454Ἱστίην Δήμητρα καὶ Ἥρην χρυσοπέδιλον §455ἴφθιμόν τʼ Ἀίδην, ὃς ὑπὸ χθονὶ δώματα ναίει §456νηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχων, καὶ ἐρίκτυπον Ἐννοσίγαιον §457Ζῆνά τε μητιόεντα, θεῶν πατέρʼ ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν, §458τοῦ καὶ ὑπὸ βροντῆς πελεμίζεται εὐρεῖα χθών.
And Rhea, subdued by Cronos, bore glorious children: Hestia, Demeter, and gold-sandaled Hera, and strong Hades, who dwells in homes beneath the earth, having a pitiless heart, and the loud-sounding Earth-shaker, and wise Zeus, father of gods and men, under whose thunder the wide earth is shaken.
§459καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέπινε μέγας Κρόνος, ὥς τις ἕκαστος §460νηδύος ἐξ ἱερῆς μητρὸς πρὸς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο, §461τὰ φρονέων, ἵνα μή τις ἀγαυῶν Οὐρανιώνων §462ἄλλος ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ἔχοι βασιληίδα τιμήν.
And these great Cronos swallowed down, as each one came from the holy womb of their mother to her knees, with this intent, that no other of the proud sons of Heaven should hold kingly honor among the immortals.
§463πεύθετο γὰρ Γαίης τε καὶ Οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος, §464οὕνεκά οἱ πέπρωτο ἑῷ ὑπὸ παιδὶ δαμῆναι §465καὶ κρατερῷ περ ἐόντι, Διὸς μεγάλου διὰ βουλάς·
For he learned from Gaia and starry Ouranos that it was fated for him to be subdued by his own child, mighty though he was, through the counsels of great Zeus.
§466τῷ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀλαὸς σκοπιὴν ἔχεν, ἀλλὰ δοκεύων §467παῖδας ἑοὺς κατέπινε· Ῥέην δʼ ἔχε πένθος ἄλαστον.
Therefore he kept no blind outlook, but watching, he swallowed down his own children; and Rhea held grief unceasing.
§468ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Δίʼ ἔμελλε θεῶν πατέρʼ ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν §469τέξεσθαι, τότʼ ἔπειτα φίλους λιτάνευε τοκῆας §470τοὺς αὐτῆς, Γαῖάν τε καὶ Οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα, §471μῆτιν συμφράσσασθαι, ὅπως λελάθοιτο τεκοῦσα §472παῖδα φίλον, τίσαιτο δʼ ἐρινῦς πατρὸς ἑοῖο §473παίδων θʼ, οὓς κατέπινε μέγας Κρόνος ἀγκυλομήτης.
But when she was about to bear Zeus, father of gods and men, then she entreated her own dear parents, Gaia and starry Ouranos, to devise a plan with her, so that she might hide the birth of her dear child, and might take vengeance for the furies of her father and for the children whom great crooked-counseled Cronos swallowed.
§474οἳ δὲ θυγατρὶ φίλῃ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο, §475καί οἱ πεφραδέτην, ὅσα περ πέπρωτο γενέσθαι §476ἀμφὶ Κρόνῳ βασιλῆι καὶ υἱέι καρτεροθύμῳ.
And they heard and obeyed their dear daughter indeed, and they told her all that was fated to happen concerning King Cronos and his strong-hearted son.
§477πέμψαν δʼ ἐς Λύκτον, Κρήτης ἐς πίονα δῆμον, §478ὁππότʼ ἄρʼ ὁπλότατον παίδων τέξεσθαι ἔμελλε, §479Ζῆνα μέγαν· τὸν μέν οἱ ἐδέξατο Γαῖα πελώρη
And they sent her to Lyctus, to the rich land of Crete, when she was about to bear the youngest of her children, great Zeus; whom giant Gaia received from her to rear and nurture in wide Crete.
§480Κρήτῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ τραφέμεν ἀτιταλλέμεναί τε. §481ἔνθα μιν ἷκτο φέρουσα θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν §482πρώτην ἐς Λύκτον· κρύψεν δέ ἑ χερσὶ λαβοῦσα §483ἄντρῳ ἐν ἠλιβάτῳ, ζαθέης ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίης, §484Αἰγαίῳ ἐν ὄρει πεπυκασμένῳ ὑλήεντι.
There she came carrying him through the swift dark night first to Lyctus; and hiding him she took him in her hands in a steep cave, under the secret places of the holy earth, on the Aegean mount, thick-shaded with woods.
§485τῷ δὲ σπαργανίσασα μέγαν λίθον ἐγγυάλιξεν §486Οὐρανίδῃ μέγʼ ἄνακτι, θεῶν προτέρῳ βασιλῆι.
And wrapping a great stone in swaddling clothes, she handed it to the great lord, the son of Heaven, the former king of the gods.
§487τὸν τόθʼ ἑλὼν χείρεσσιν ἑὴν ἐσκάτθετο νηδὺν §488σχέτλιος· οὐδʼ ἐνόησε μετὰ φρεσίν, ὥς οἱ ὀπίσσω §489ἀντὶ λίθου ἑὸς υἱὸς ἀνίκητος καὶ ἀκηδὴς §490λείπεθʼ, ὅ μιν τάχʼ ἔμελλε βίῃ καὶ χερσὶ δαμάσσας §491τιμῆς ἐξελάειν, ὃ δʼ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι ἀνάξειν.
This he then took in his hands and thrust into his belly, wretch! and did not perceive in his mind that thereafter instead of the stone his own son, unconquered and untroubled, was left, who was soon about to subdue him by force and hands, drive him from his honor, and himself rule among the immortals.
§492καρπαλίμως δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα μένος καὶ φαίδιμα γυῖα §493ηὔξετο τοῖο ἄνακτος· ἐπιπλομένων δʼ ἐνιαυτῶν §494Γαίης ἐννεσίῃσι πολυφραδέεσσι δολωθεὶς §495ὃν γόνον ἄψ ἀνέηκε μέγας Κρόνος ἀγκυλομήτης §497πρῶτον δʼ ἐξέμεσεν λίθον, ὃν πύματον κατέπινεν·
And quickly then the strength and glorious limbs of that lord grew; and as the years rolled on, beguiled by the cunning suggestions of Gaia, great crooked-counseled Cronos brought back up his own offspring, and first he vomited up the stone, which he swallowed last.
§498τὸν μὲν Ζεὺς στήριξε κατὰ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης §499Πυθοῖ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ γυάλοις ὕπο Παρνησοῖο §500σῆμʼ ἔμεν ἐξοπίσω, θαῦμα θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσιν.
This Zeus fixed upon the wide-wayed earth in holy Pytho, under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign hereafter, a wonder to mortal men.
§501λῦσε δὲ πατροκασιγνήτους ὀλοῶν ὑπὸ δεσμῶν §502Οὐρανίδας, οὓς δῆσε πατὴρ ἀεσιφροσύνῃσιν· §503οἳ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χάριν ἐυεργεσιάων, §504δῶκαν δὲ βροντὴν ἠδʼ αἰθαλόεντα κεραυνὸν §505καὶ στεροπήν· τὸ πρὶν δὲ πελώρη Γαῖα κεκεύθει· §506τοῖς πίσυνος θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσει.
And he freed his father’s brothers from their destructive bonds, the sons of Heaven, whom their father had bound in his folly; and they remembered with gratitude his good deeds, and gave him thunder and the burning thunderbolt and lightning; before this, giant Gaia had hidden them; trusting in these, he rules over mortals and immortals.
§507κούρην δʼ Ἰαπετὸς καλλίσφυρον Ὠκεανίνην §508ἠγάγετο Κλυμένην καὶ ὁμὸν λέχος εἰσανέβαινεν.
And Iapetus led away the fair-ankled daughter of Oceanus, Clymene, and went up into the same bed.
§509ἣ δέ οἱ Ἄτλαντα κρατερόφρονα γείνατο παῖδα· §510τίκτε δʼ ὑπερκύδαντα Μενοίτιον ἠδὲ Προμηθέα §511ποικίλον αἰολόμητιν, ἁμαρτίνοόν τʼ Ἐπιμηθέα §512ὃς κακὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς γένετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἀλφηστῇσιν· §513πρῶτος γάρ ῥα Διὸς πλαστὴν ὑπέδεκτο γυναῖκα
And she bore him Atlas, a strong-hearted son; and she bore glorious Menoetius and Prometheus of various and shifting counsel, and Epimetheus of erring mind, who from the beginning became an evil to industrious men; for he was the first to receive the fashioned woman from Zeus.

Notes

  1. 444ἐσθλὴ δʼ ἐν σταθμοῖσι σὺν Ἑρμῇ ληίδʼ ἀέξειν· — The infinitive `ἀέξειν` is an infinitive of limitation (specification) depending on the predicate adjective `ἐσθλή` ("good at increasing"). `ληίδʼ` (elided from `ληίς`, "booty, prey, livestock") acts as the direct object of the infinitive.
  2. 460ὥς τις ἕκαστος ... ἵκοιτο — A temporal clause introduced by the conjunction `ὡς` ("as soon as"). The aorist optative `ἵκοιτο` expresses a past general repetition ("whenever each one came") dependent on the imperfect main verb `κατέπινε`.
  3. 471ὅπως λελάθοιτο ... τίσαιτο — Purpose clauses introduced by `ὅπως` ("so that"). Because the main verb `λιτάνευε` is in a past tense (imperfect), the verbs `λελάθοιτο` (reduplicated aorist optative middle of `λανθάνω`) and `τίσαιτο` (aorist optative middle of `τίνω`) are in the optative mood by sequence of tenses.
  4. 488οὐδʼ ἐνόησε μετὰ φρεσίν, ὥς οἱ ὀπίσσω ... λείπεθʼ — The conjunction `ὡς` introduces an object noun clause ("that...") dependent on the main verb `οὐδʼ ἐνόησε` ("nor did he perceive"). The core structure of the clause is `υἱὸς ... λείπεθʼ` (elided from `λείπετο`, "his son was left").

Cite this passage

Hesiod, Theogony §440-513. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:440-513

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