Humanitext Reader

Aristophanes · Knights §547-634

Hymns to the Gods and Return from the Council

Passage 8 of 18 · Greek

Summary

The chorus praises Poseidon and Athena, recalling the heroic deeds of Athenian ancestors and their horses. Afterwards, the Sausage-Seller returns from the Council and begins to narrate how he fought against Cleon's fierce accusations.

§547θόρυβον χρηστὸν ληναΐτην, §548ἵνʼ ὁ ποιητὴς ἀπίῃ χαίρων §549κατὰ νοῦν πράξας, §550φαιδρὸς λάμποντι μετώπῳ.
with a goodly Lenaean applause, so that the poet may depart in joy, having succeeded according to his mind, bright with a shining forehead.
§551ἵππιʼ ἄναξ Πόσειδον, ᾧ §552χαλκοκρότων ἵππων κτύπος §553καὶ χρεμετισμὸς ἁνδάνει §554καὶ κυανέμβολοι θοαὶ §555μισθοφόροι τριήρεις, §556μειρακίων θʼ ἅμιλλα λαμπρυνομένων ἐν ἅρμασιν §557καὶ βαρυδαιμονούντων, §558δεῦρʼ ἔλθʼ ἐς χορὸν ὦ χρυσοτρίαινʼ ὦ §560δελφίνων μεδέων Σουνιάρατε, §561ὦ Γεραίστιε παῖ Κρόνου, §562Φαρμίωνί τε φίλτατʼ ἐκ §563τῶν ἄλλων τε θεῶν Ἀθηναίοις §564πρὸς τὸ παρεστός.
O equestrian Lord Poseidon, to whom the clatter of bronze-hooved horses and their neighing are pleasing, and the swift dark-prowed mercenary triremes, and the contest of youths showing off in chariots and their coming to grief, come hither to our chorus, O golden-tridented, O ruler of dolphins, invoked at Sunium, O Geraestian son of Cronus, and dearest to Phormio, and of all other gods to the Athenians, in the present situation.
§565εὐλογῆσαι βουλόμεσθα τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν, ὅτι §566ἄνδρες ἦσαν τῆσδε τῆς γῆς ἄξιοι καὶ τοῦ πέπλου, §567οἵτινες πεζαῖς μάχαισιν ἔν τε ναυφάρκτῳ στρατῷ §568πανταχοῦ νικῶντες ἀεὶ τήνδʼ ἐκόσμησαν πόλιν· §569οὐ γὰρ οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ αὐτῶν τοῦς ἐναντίους ἰδὼν §570ἠρίθμησεν, ἀλλʼ ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας· §571εἰ δέ που πέσοιεν ἐς τὸν ὦμον ἐν μάχῃ τινί, §572τοῦτʼ ἀπεψήσαντʼ ἄν, εἶτʼ ἠρνοῦντο μὴ πεπτωκέναι, §573ἀλλὰ διεπάλαιον αὖθις.
We wish to praise our fathers, because they were men worthy of this land and of the Peplos, who in land battles and in the fleet-protected army conquering everywhere always adorned this city; for no one of them ever, seeing the opponents, counted them, but their spirit was straightway "Amunias"; and if they should happen to fall on their shoulder in some battle, they would wipe this off, and then deny having fallen, but would wrestle again.
καὶ στρατηγὸς οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς §574τῶν πρὸ τοῦ σίτησιν ᾔτησʼ ἐρόμενος Κλεαίνετον· §575νῦν δʼ ἐὰν μὴ προεδρίαν φέρωσι καὶ τὰ σιτία, §576οὐ μαχεῖσθαί φασιν.
And not a single general of former times would have asked Cleaenetus for public maintenance; but now, unless they carry off front-row seats and free food, they say they won't fight.
ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀξιοῦμεν τῇ πόλει §577προῖκα γενναίως ἀμύνειν καὶ θεοῖς ἐγχωρίοις.
But we deem it worthy to defend the city freely and nobly, and for our local gods.
§578καὶ πρὸς οὐκ αἰτοῦμεν οὐδὲν πλὴν τοσουτονὶ μόνον· §579ἤν ποτʼ εἰρήνη γένηται καὶ πόνων παυσώμεθα, §580μὴ φθονεῖθʼ ἡμῖν κομῶσι μηδʼ ἀπεστλεγγισμένοις.
And besides, we ask for nothing except only this much: if peace should ever come and we cease from labors, do not grudge us our long hair, nor our being scraped clean with strigils.
§581Ὦ πολιοῦχε Παλλάς, ὦ §582τῆς ἱερωτάτης ἁπασῶν §583πολέμῳ τε καὶ ποιηταῖς §584δυνάμει θʼ ὑπερφερούσης §585μεδέουσα χώρας, §586δεῦρʼ ἀφικοῦ λαβοῦσα τὴν §587ἐν στρατιαῖς τε καὶ μάχαις §588ἡμετέραν ξυνεργὸν §589Νίκην, ἣ χορικῶν ἐστιν ἑταίρα §590τοῖς τʼ ἐχθροῖσι μεθʼ ἡμῶν στασιάζει.
O Pallas, guardian of the city, O ruler of the country that is the most sacred of all, preeminent in war and in poets and in power, ruler of this land, come hither, bringing our helper in campaigns and in battles, Victory, who is the companion of choral contests, and sides with us against our enemies.
§591νῦν οὖν δεῦρο φάνηθι· δεῖ §592γὰρ τοῖς ἀνδράσι τοῖσδε πάσῃ §593τέχνῃ πορίσαι σε νίκην §594εἴπερ ποτὲ καὶ νῦν.
So now appear here; for it is necessary for you to procure victory for these men by every device, if ever before, so now.
§595ἃ ξύνισμεν τοῖσιν ἵπποις, βουλόμεσθʼ ἐπαινέσαι.
What we know of our horses, we wish to praise.
§596ἄξιοι δʼ εἴσʼ εὐλογεῖσθαι· πολλὰ γὰρ δὴ πάγματα §597ξυνδιήνεγκαν μεθʼ ἡμῶν, ἐσβολάς τε καὶ μάχας.
And they are worthy of praise; for indeed many troubles they bore along with us, both invasions and battles.
§598ἀλλὰ τἀν τῇ μὲν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἄγαν θαυμάζομεν, §599ὡς ὅτʼ ἐς τὰς ἱππαγωγοὺς εἰσεπήδων ἀνδρικῶς, §600πριάμενοι κώθωνας, οἱ δὲ καὶ σκόροδα καὶ κρόμμυα· §601εἶτα τὰς κώπας λαβόντες ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς οἱ βροτοὶ §602ἐμβαλόντες ἀνεβρύαξαν, ἱππαπαῖ, τίς ἐμβαλεῖ;
But their deeds on land we do not wonder at too much, as when they leaped manfully into the horse-transports, having bought drinking cups, and some also garlic and onions; then taking the oars just like us mortals and pulling, they neighed out: "Hippapae!
§603ληπτέον μᾶλλον.
Who will pull?" "We must pull harder!
τί δρῶμεν;
What are we doing?
οὐκ ἐλᾷς ὦ σαμφόρα; §604ἐξεπήδων τʼ ἐς Κόρινθον· εἶτα δʼ οἱ νεώτεροι §605ταῖς ὁπλαῖς ὤρυττον εὐνὰς καὶ μετῇσαν στρώματα· §606ἤσθιον δὲ τοὺς παγούρους ἀντὶ ποίας Μηδικῆς, §607εἴ τις ἐξέρποι θύραζε κἀκ βυθοῦ θηρώμενοι· §608ὥστʼ ἔφη Θέωρος εἰπεῖν καρκίνον Κορίνθιον, §609δεινά γʼ ὦ Πόσειδον εἰ μήτʼ ἐν βυθῷ δυνήσομαι §610μήτε γῇ μήτʼ ἐν θαλάττῃ διαφυγεῖν τοὺς ἱππέας. §611ὦ φίλτατʼ ἀνδρῶν καὶ νεανικώτατε.
Won't you row, O brand-marked horse?" And they leaped out onto Corinth; and then the younger ones dug out beds with their hooves and went for bedding; and they ate crabs instead of Medick grass, if any crawled out of doors, hunting them even from the deep; so that Theorus said a Corinthian crab remarked: "It's terrible, Poseidon, if neither in the deep can I nor on land nor in the sea escape the knights." Chorus: O dearest of men and most manly!
§612ὅσην ἀπὼν παρέσχες ἡμῖν φροντίδα·
How great a worry you caused us while away!
§613καὶ νῦν ἐπειδὴ σῶς ἐλήλυθας πάλιν, §614ἄγγειλον ἡμῖν πῶς τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ἠγωνίσω.
And now, since you have returned safe and sound, report to us how you fought out the matter.
§615τί δʼ ἄλλο γʼ εἰ μὴ Νικόβουλος ἐγενόμην;
Sausage-Seller: What else indeed, except that I became "Victor-in-the-Council"?
§616νῦν ἄρʼ ἄξιόν γε πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἐπολολύξαι.
Chorus: Now indeed it is worthy for all to raise a shout of joy!
§617ὦ καλὰ λέγων πολὺ δʼ ἀμείνονʼ ἔτι τῶν λόγων §618ἐργασάμενʼ, εἴθʼ ἐπέλθοις §619ἅπαντά μοι σαφῶς· §620ὡς ἐγώ μοι δοκῶ §621κἂν μακρὰν ὁδὸν διελθεῖν §622ὥστʼ ἀκοῦσαι.
O you who speak fine things, and have accomplished things far better than your words, would that you would go through everything for me clearly; for I think to myself I would walk even a long way so as to hear it.
πρὸς τάδʼ ὦ βέλτιστε §623θαρρήσας λέγʼ, ὡς, ἅπαντες §623aἡδόμεσθά σοι.
Therefore, O best of men, speak with confidence, since we all are delighted with you.
§624καὶ μὴν ἀκοῦσαί γʼ ἄξιον τῶν πραγμάτων.
Sausage-Seller: Indeed, it is worth hearing the events!
§625εὐθὺς γὰρ αὐτοῦ κατόπιν ἐνθένδʼ ἱέμην·
For straightway I rushed from here, right on his heels.
§626ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔνδον ἐλασίβροντʼ ἀναρρηγνὺς ἔπη §627τερατευόμενος ἤρειδε κατὰ τῶν ἱππέων, §628κρημνοὺς †ἐρείδων† καὶ ξυνωμότας λέγων §629πιθανώταθʼ·
And he indeed inside, bursting out thunder-driving words, talking portentously, was pressing hard against the knights, hurling precipices and calling them conspirators most persuasively.
ἡ βουλὴ δʼ ἅπασʼ ἀκροωμένη §630ἐγένεθʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ψευδατραφάξυος πλέα, §631κἄβλεψε νᾶπυ καὶ τὰ μέτωπʼ ἀνέσπασεν.
And the whole Council, listening, became full of his false-orach, and looked mustard, and knit their brows.
§632κἄγωγʼ ὅτε δὴ γʼνων ἐνδεχομένην τοὺς λόγους §633καὶ τοῖς φενακισμοῖσιν ἐξαπατωμένην, §634ἄγε δὴ Σκίταλοι καὶ Φένακες, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ,
And I, when indeed I knew they were accepting his words and being deceived by his trumperies, "Come now, spirits of Knaves and Cheats," said I,

Notes

  1. 553ἁνδάνει — The verb is in the third person singular despite the multiple subject nouns that follow (κτύπος, χρεμετισμός, τριήρεις, ἅμιλλα). This is an instance of attraction to the nearest subject (attractio ad proximum), or treating the combined ideas as a singular concept.
  2. 570Ἀμυνίας — The proper name 'Amunias' is used here as a predicate nominative. While referring to a contemporary ridiculed for cowardice, it also puns on the verb ἀμύνω ('to defend'), implying a spirit that 'stands on no defensive' but aggressively moves forward.
  3. 572ἀπεψήσαντʼ ἄν — The apodosis to the protasis with εἰ + optative (§571 πέσοιεν). The past indicative (aorist) with ἄν expresses a repeated or habitual action in the past ('they would wipe...'). This ἄν also implicitly governs the following verbs ἠρνοῦντο and διεπάλαιον.
  4. 615Νικόβουλος — The name 'Nicoboulos' coined by the Sausage-Seller is a compound of νίκη ('victory') and βουλή ('Council' or 'will'), functioning as a humorous play on words to boast of his triumphant victory within the Council.
  5. 628κρημνούς — The expression 'hurling/pressing precipices (κρημνούς)' metaphorically describes Cleon's violent, bombastic, and overwhelming style of speaking. The participle ἐρείδων in the manuscripts is highly problematic and marked with obeli (†) in critical editions.
  6. 630ψευδατραφάξυος — A comic compound coined by Aristophanes from ψευδής ('false') and ἀτράφαξυς ('orach/mountain spinach'). It metaphorically presents Cleon's deceptive and hollow words as a false, unsubstantial weed, leading into the subsequent mustard metaphor.

Cite this passage

Aristophanes, Knights §547-634. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:547-634

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