§1Ἐσσαίων πέρι διαλεχθείς, οἳ τὸν πρακτικὸν ἐζήλωσαν καὶ διεπόνησαν βίον ἐν ἅπασιν ἢ — τὸ γοῦν φορητότερον εἰπεῖν — τοῖς πλείστοις μέρεσι διενεγκόντες, αὐτίκα καὶ περὶ τῶν θεωρίαν ἀσπασαμένων ἀκολουθίᾳ τῆς πραγματείας ἑπόμενος τὰ προσήκοντα λέξω, μηδὲν οἴκοθεν ἕνεκα τοῦ βελτιῶσαι προστιθείς, ὃ δρᾶν ἔθος ἐν σπάνει καλῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἅπασι τοῖς ποιηταῖς καὶ λογογράφοις, ἀλλ’ ἀτεχνῶς αὐτῆς περιεχόμενος τῆς ἀληθείας, πρὸς ἣν οἶδ’ ὅτι καὶ ὁ δεινότατος εἰπεῖν ἀπαγορεύσει.
Having discussed the Essenes, who eagerly pursued and laboriously practiced the active life, excelling in all or—to speak at least more moderately—in most of its aspects, I will immediately proceed to speak also of those who embraced contemplation, following the natural order of the treatise, adding nothing of my own for the sake of embellishment, which is the habit of all poets and prose-writers when there is a scarcity of noble deeds, but strictly clinging to the truth itself, before which I know that even the most powerful speaker will fail.
διαθλητέον δὲ ὅμως καὶ διαγωνιστέον· οὐ γὰρ δεῖ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετῆς αἴτιον ἀφωνίας γενέσθαι τοῖς μηδὲν καλὸν ἡσυχάζεσθαι δικαιοῦσιν.
Yet, one must struggle and strive to the end; for the greatness of these men's virtue must not become a cause of silence for those who deem it right that nothing noble should be passed over in silence.
§2ἡ δὲ προαίρεσις τῶν φιλοσόφων εὐθὺς ἐμφαίνεται διὰ τῆς προσρήσεως· θεραπευταὶ γὰρ καὶ θεραπευτρίδες ἐτύμως καλοῦνται, ἤτοι παρόσον ἰατρικὴν ἐπαγγέλλονται κρείσσονα τῆς κατὰ πόλεις — ἡ μὲν γὰρ σώματα θεραπεύει μόνον, ἐκείνη δὲ καὶ ψυχὰς νόσοις κεκρατημένας χαλεπαῖς τε καὶ δυσιάτοις, ἃς ἐγκατέσκηψαν ἡδοναὶ καὶ ἐπιθυμίαι καὶ λῦπαι καὶ φόβοι πλεονεξίαι τε καὶ ἀφροσύναι καὶ ἀδικίαι καὶ τὸ τῶν ἄλλων παθῶν καὶ κακιῶν ἀνήνυτον πλῆθος — ἢ παρόσον ἐκ φύσεως καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν νόμων ἐπαιδεύθησαν θεραπεύειν τὸ ὄν, ὃ καὶ ἀγαθοῦ κρεῖττόν ἐστι καὶ ἑνὸς εἰλικρινέστερον καὶ μονάδος ἀρχεγονώτερον.
The purpose of these philosophers is at once revealed by their name; for they are truly called "Therapeutae" and "Therapeutrides," either because they profess a medical art superior to that practiced in cities—since the latter cures bodies only, while the former cures also souls oppressed by grievous and hard-to-cure diseases, which pleasures, desires, griefs, fears, covetousness, folly, injustice, and the endless multitude of other passions and vices have inflicted—or because they have been instructed by nature and the sacred laws to worship the Existent, which is better than the good, purer than the one, and more primordial than the monad.
οἷς τίνας συγκρίνειν ἄξιον τῶν ἐπαγγελλομένων εὐσέβειαν;
Who is worthy to be compared to these among those who profess piety?
§3ἆρά γε τοὺς τὰ στοιχεῖα τιμῶντας, γῆν, ὕδωρ, ἀέρα, πῦρ;
Is it those who honor the elements—earth, water, air, and fire?
οἷς καὶ ἐπωνυμίας ἔθεντο ἑτέρας ἕτεροι, τὸ μὲν πῦρ Ἥφαιστον παρὰ τὴν ἔξαψιν, οἶμαι, καλοῦντες, Ἥραν δὲ τὸν ἀέρα παρὰ τὸ αἴρεσθαι καὶ μετεωρίζεσθαι πρὸς ὕψος, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ Ποσειδῶνα τάχα που διὰ τὸ ποτόν, τὴν δὲ γῆν Δήμητραν, παρόσον μήτηρ εἶναι δοκεῖ πάντων φυτῶν τε καὶ ζῴων.
To these elements different people have given different names: calling fire Hephaestus, I suppose, because of its ignition; air Hera, because of its being raised up and elevated on high; water Poseidon, perhaps because of its being drinkable; and earth Demeter, because she seems to be the mother of all plants and animals.
§4ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ὀνόματα σοφιστῶν ἐστιν εὑρήματα, τὰ δὲ στοιχεῖα ἄψυχος ὕλη καὶ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς ἀκίνητος, ὑποβεβλημένη τῷ τεχνίτῃ πρὸς ἁπάσας σχημάτων καὶ ποιοτήτων ἰδέας.
But these names are the inventions of sophists, while the elements are lifeless matter, incapable of moving of itself, subjected to the craftsman for all kinds of shapes and qualities.
§5ἀλλὰ τοὺς τὰ ἀποτελέσματα, ἥλιον, σελήνην ἢ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀστέρας πλάνητας ἢ ἀπλανεῖς ἢ τὸν σύμπαντα οὐρανόν τε καὶ κόσμον;
Or those who honor the products of these, such as the sun, the moon, or the other stars, whether wandering or fixed, or the whole heaven and the universe?
ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐξ ἑαυτῶν γέγονεν, ἀλλ’ ὑπό τινος δημιουργοῦ τελειοτάτου τὴν ἐπιστήμην.
But even these did not come into being of themselves, but by some creator most perfect in knowledge.
ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἡμιθέους;
Or the demigods?
§6ἦ τοῦτό γε καὶ χλεύης ἄξιον·
This indeed is worthy of ridicule.
πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὁ αὐτὸς ἀθάνατός τε καὶ θνητὸς εἴη;
For how could the same person be both immortal and mortal?
δίχα τοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς τούτων γενέσεως ἐπίληπτον εἶναι, μειρακιώδους ἀκρασίας ἀνάπλεων, ἣν τολμῶσιν οὐκ εὐαγῶς προσάπτειν ταῖς μακαρίαις καὶ θείαις δυνάμεσιν, εἰ γυναιξὶ θνηταῖς ἐπιμανέντες ὡμίλησαν οἱ παντὸς πάθους ἀμέτοχοι καὶ τρισευδαίμονες.
Aside from the fact that the very origin of their birth is blameworthy, full of childish incontinence, which they impiously dare to attribute to the blessed and divine powers, as if those who are free from all passion and thrice-blessed had coupled with mortal women, having fallen madly in love.
§7ἀλλὰ τοὺς τὰ ξόανα καὶ ἀγάλματα;
Or those who worship wooden and stone images?
ὧν αἱ οὐσίαι λίθοι καὶ ξύλα, τὰ μέχρι πρὸ μικροῦ τελείως ἄμορφα, λιθοτόμων καὶ δρυοτόμων τῆς συμφυΐας αὐτὰ διακοψάντων, ὧν τὰ ἀδελφὰ μέρη καὶ συγγενῆ λουτροφόροι γεγόνασι καὶ ποδόνιπτρα καὶ ἄλλα ἄττα τῶν ἀτιμοτέρων, ἃ πρὸς τὰς ἐν σκότῳ χρείας ὑπηρετεῖ μᾶλλον ἢ τὰς ἐν φωτί.
Whose substances are stones and wood, which until a short time ago were completely shapeless, before stonecutters and woodcutters severed them from their natural cohesion. Indeed, the sister and kindred parts of these have become washbasins and foot-baths and other ignoble vessels, which serve needs in the dark rather than those in the light.
§8τῶν μὲν γὰρ παρ’ Αἰγυπτίοις οὐδὲ μεμνῆσθαι καλόν, οἳ ζῷα ἄλογα καὶ οὐχ ἥμερα μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ θηρίων τὰ ἀγριώτατα παραγηόχασιν εἰς θεῶν τιμὰς ἐξ ἑκάστου τῶν κάτω σελήνης, χερσαίων μὲν λέοντα, ἐνύδρων δὲ τὸν ἐγχώριον κροκόδειλον, ἀεροπόρων δὲ ἴκτινον καὶ τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν ἶβιν.
As for the practices of the Egyptians, it is not even decent to mention them; they have introduced irrational animals, and not only tame ones but even the wildest of beasts, to the honors of gods from every class of creatures below the moon: among land animals, the lion; among aquatic, the native crocodile; among those that fly in the air, the kite and the Egyptian ibis.
§9καὶ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες γεννώμενα καὶ τροφῆς χρείαν ἔχοντα καὶ περὶ ἐδωδὴν ἄπληστα καὶ μεστὰ περιττωμάτων ἰοβόλα τε καὶ ἀνθρωποβόρα καὶ νόσοις ἁλωτὰ παντοίαις καὶ οὐ μόνον θανάτῳ τῷ κατὰ φύσιν ἀλλὰ καὶ βιαίῳ πολλάκις διαφθειρόμενα προσκυνοῦσιν, οἱ ἥμεροι τὰ ἀνήμερα καὶ ἀτίθασα καὶ οἱ λογικοὶ τὰ ἄλογα καὶ οἱ συγγένειαν ἔχοντες πρὸς τὸ θεῖον τὰ μηδ’ ἂν Θερσίτῃσι συγκριθέντα, οἱ ἄρχοντες καὶ δεσπόται τὰ ὑπήκοα φύσει καὶ δοῦλα.
And though they see that these are born, stand in need of food, are insatiable in eating, full of excrement, venomous and man-eating, subject to all kinds of diseases, and often destroyed not only by natural but also by violent death, they worship them—the civilized worshipping the wild and untamed, the rational the irrational, and those who have a kinship with the divine worshipping things that could not be compared even to Thersites, rulers and masters worshipping what is by nature subject and enslaved.