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Herodotus · Histories §9.120.1-9.120.4

Portent of the Dried Fish and Execution of Artaÿctes

Passage 1575 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

A portent occurs where dried fish leap on the fire, which Artaÿctes interprets as a sign of Protesilaus' vengeance; despite offering a massive ransom, he is rejected by Xanthippus and executed along with his son.

§9.120.1καί τεῳ τῶν φυλασσόντων λέγεται ὑπὸ Χερσονησιτέων ταρίχους ὀπτῶντι τέρας γενέσθαι τοιόνδε· οἱ τάριχοι ἐπὶ τῷ πυρὶ κείμενοι ἐπάλλοντό τε καὶ ἤσπαιρον ὅκως περ ἰχθύες νεοάλωτοι.
And it is said by the people of the Chersonese that a portent of this kind befell one of those keeping guard, while he was roasting dried fish: the dried fish lying on the fire began to leap and quiver, just like newly caught fish.
§9.120.2καὶ οἳ μὲν περιχυθέντες ἐθώμαζον, ὁ δὲ Ἀρταΰκτης ὡς εἶδε τὸ τέρας, καλέσας τὸν ὀπτῶντα τοὺς ταρίχους ἔφη ξεῖνε Ἀθηναῖε, μηδὲν φοβέο τὸ τέρας τοῦτο· οὐ γὰρ σοὶ πέφηνε, ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ σημαίνει ὁ ἐν Ἐλαιοῦντι Πρωτεσίλεως ὅτι καὶ τεθνεὼς καὶ τάριχος ἐὼν δύναμιν πρὸς θεῶν ἔχει τὸν ἀδικέοντα τίνεσθαι.
And while those who crowded around were marveling, Artaÿctes, when he saw the portent, called the man who was roasting the dried fish and said: "My Athenian host, fear not this portent at all; for it has not appeared to you, but Protesilaus, who is in Elaeus, is signaling to me that even though he is dead and dried like a fish, he has power from the gods to take vengeance on the one who wrongs him.
§9.120.3νῦν ὦν ἄποινά μοι τάδε ἐθέλω ἐπιθεῖναι, ἀντὶ μὲν χρημάτων τῶν ἔλαβον ἐκ τοῦ ἱροῦ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα καταθεῖναι τῷ θεῷ, ἀντὶ δʼ ἐμεωυτοῦ καὶ τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποδώσω τάλαντα διηκόσια Ἀθηναίοισι περιγενόμενος. §9.120.4ταῦτα ὑπισχόμενος τὸν στρατηγὸν Ξάνθιππον οὐκ ἔπειθε· οἱ γὰρ Ἐλαιούσιοι τῷ Πρωτεσίλεῳ τιμωρέοντες ἐδέοντό μιν καταχρησθῆναι, καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ταύτῃ νόος ἔφερε.
Now therefore, I wish to pay this ransom: instead of the money which I took from the temple, I will pay one hundred talents to the god, and for myself and my son, I will pay two hundred talents to the Athenians if I survive." Though he promised this, he could not persuade the general Xanthippus; for the people of Elaeus, wishing to avenge Protesilaus, begged that he should be put to death, and the mind of the general himself also inclined this way.
ἀπαγαγόντες δὲ αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν Ξέρξης ἔζευξε τὸν πόρον, οἳ δὲ λέγουσι ἐπὶ τὸν κολωνὸν τὸν ὑπὲρ Μαδύτου πόλιος, πρὸς σανίδας προσπασσαλεύσαντες ἀνεκρέμασαν· τὸν δὲ παῖδα ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι τοῦ Ἀρταΰκτεω κατέλευσαν.
So they led him away to the headland where Xerxes had bridged the strait—or, as some say, to the hill above the town of Madytus—and having nailed him to planks, they hung him up; and they stoned his son to death before the very eyes of Artaÿctes.

Notes

  1. §9.120.1λέγεται ὑπὸ Χερσονησιτέων ταρίχους ὀπτῶντι τέρας γενέσθαι τοιόνδε — The impersonal 'λέγεται' (it is said) takes an accusative with infinitive clause 'τέρας γενέσθαι τοιόνδε' (that such a portent befell). Inside this clause, the dative phrase 'τεῳ τῶν φυλασσόντων ... ὀπτῶντι' is dependent on 'γενέσθαι' (expressing 'to happen to someone'). The prepositional phrase 'ὑπὸ Χερσονησιτέων' indicates the agent of 'λέγεται'.
  2. §9.120.2δύναμιν πρὸς θεῶν ἔχει τὸν ἀδικέοντα τίνεσθαι — The middle infinitive 'τίνεσθαι' means 'to punish / take vengeance on (for oneself)', taking the substantive participle 'tòn adikéonta' (the one who does wrong) as its direct object. The prepositional phrase 'πρὸς θεῶν' indicates the source of the power ('from the gods').
  3. §9.120.3περιγενόμενος — The nominative aorist participle of 'περιγίγνομαι' (to survive, escape) functions adverbially to express a condition: 'if I survive' or 'if I am spared'.
  4. §9.120.4ἐς τὴν Ξέρξης ἔζευξε τὸν πόρον — The antecedent of the relative clause (likely 'ἀκτήν', shore, or 'χερρόνησον', peninsula) is omitted, and the relative pronoun itself appears as the feminine accusative 'τὴν' matching the omitted noun's gender. It means 'to the [shore] where Xerxes bridged the strait'.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §9.120.1-9.120.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.120.1-9.120.4

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