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Herodotus · Histories §8.68A.1-8.68A.2

Artemisia Advises Against a Sea Battle

Passage 1374 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Artemisia advises Mardonius to tell the king that he should avoid a sea-fight and spare his ships, pointing out the Greeks' superiority at sea and the Persians' existing strategic achievements.

§8.68A.1εἰπεῖν μοι πρὸς βασιλέα, Μαρδόνιε, ὡς ἐγὼ τάδε λέγω, οὔτε κακίστη γενομένη ἐν τῇσι ναυμαχίῃσι τῇσι πρὸς Εὐβοίῃ οὔτε ἐλάχιστα ἀποδεξαμένη. δέσποτα, τὴν δὲ ἐοῦσαν γνώμην με δίκαιον ἐστὶ ἀποδείκνυσθαι, τὰ τυγχάνω φρονέουσα ἄριστα ἐς πρήγματα τὰ σά.
Mardonius, tell the king for me that I say this, I who was neither the most cowardly in the sea-fights off Euboea nor performed the least service. “Master, it is right for me to declare my real opinion, those things which I happen to think are best for your affairs.
καὶ τοι τάδε λέγω, φείδεο τῶν νεῶν μηδὲ ναυμαχίην ποιέο.
And I say this to you: spare your ships and do not engage in a sea-fight.
οἱ γὰρ ἄνδρες τῶν σῶν ἀνδρῶν κρέσσονες τοσοῦτο εἰσὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν ὅσον ἄνδρες γυναικῶν.
For their men are as much superior to your men at sea as men are to women.
§8.68A.2τί δὲ πάντως δέει σε ναυμαχίῃσι ἀνακινδυνεύειν;
Why must you run risks in sea-fights at all?
οὐκ ἔχεις μὲν τὰς Ἀθήνας, τῶν περ εἵνεκα ὁρμήθης στρατεύεσθαι, ἔχεις δὲ τὴν ἄλλην Ἑλλάδα;
Do you not hold Athens, for the sake of which you set out on this campaign, and do you not hold the rest of Greece?
ἐμποδὼν δέ τοι ἵσταται οὐδείς· οἳ δέ τοι ἀντέστησαν, ἀπήλλαξαν οὕτω ὡς κείνους ἔπρεπε.
No one stands in your way; and those who did oppose you have fared as they deserved.”

Notes

  1. 8.68A.1εἰπεῖν — An independent infinitive used as an imperative (imperative infinitive). Here it functions as a command addressed to Mardonius, acting as the main verb for the sentence that contains the nominative participles (γενομένη, ἀποδεξαμένη).
  2. 8.68A.1ἀποδεξαμένη — An Ionic dialectal variant of the middle aorist participle (feminine nominative singular) of ἀποδείκνυμι ('exhibit', 'display'). Here it is used in the sense of 'exhibiting (exploits)', i.e., 'performing services' or 'achieving deeds'.
  3. 8.68A.1τὰ τυγχάνω φρονέουσα — A construction consisting of the relative pronoun τὰ (neuter plural accusative, containing its antecedent and acting as the object of φρονέουσα) and the supplementary participle construction of τυγχάνω with φρονέουσα, meaning 'the things which I happen to (actually) think'.
  4. 8.68A.2ἀπήλλαξαν — The aorist active of ἀπαλλάσσω ('release', 'deliver'), used intransitively in the sense of 'to get off', 'fare', or 'come off'. Together with the adverbial phrase οὕτω ὡς..., it forms an ironic expression meaning 'they fared as they deserved' (i.e., met a disastrous end).

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §8.68A.1-8.68A.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.68A.1-8.68A.2

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