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Herodotus · Histories §8.140A.1-8.140A.4

Alexander Conveys Xerxes' Peace Offer to Athens

Passage 1448 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Alexander, arriving in Athens as Mardonius' envoy, delivers a speech conveying King Xerxes' generous offer of reconciliation and temple reconstruction, alongside a stern warning about the futility of continued resistance.

§8.140A.1ἐγεγόνεε μὲν δὴ ὧδε ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀμύντεω·
Such was the descent of Alexander, the son of Amyntas.
ὡς δὲ ἀπίκετο ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἀποπεμφθεὶς ὑπὸ Μαρδονίου, ἔλεγε τάδε. ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, Μαρδόνιος τάδε λέγει. ἐμοὶ ἀγγελίη ἥκει παρὰ βασιλέος λέγουσα οὕτω. Ἀθηναίοισι τὰς ἁμαρτάδας τὰς ἐς ἐμὲ ἐξ ἐκείνων γενομένας πάσας μετίημι.
But when he arrived in Athens, having been sent by Mardonius, he spoke as follows: "Men of Athens, Mardonius says this: A message has come to me from the King, speaking thus: 'I forgive the Athenians all the offenses that have been committed against me by them.
§8.140A.2νῦν τε ὧδε Μαρδόνιε ποίεε· τοῦτο μὲν τὴν γῆν σφι ἀπόδος, τοῦτο δὲ ἄλλην πρὸς ταύτῃ ἑλέσθων αὐτοί, ἥντινα ἂν ἐθέλωσι, ἐόντες αὐτόνομοι· ἱρά τε πάντα σφι, ἢν δὴ βούλωνταί γε ἐμοὶ ὁμολογέειν, ἀνόρθωσον, ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐνέπρησα. τούτων δὲ ἀπιγμένων ἀναγκαίως ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα, ἢν μὴ τὸ ὑμέτερον αἴτιον γένηται.
And now, Mardonius, do this: on the one hand, restore to them their land, and on the other hand, let them choose besides this any other land they themselves wish, and let them be self-governing; and rebuild all their temples, which I burned, if indeed they are willing to come to terms with me.' Since these instructions have arrived, I am forced to do this, unless the fault lies on your part.
§8.140A.3λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν τάδε. νῦν τί μαίνεσθε πόλεμον βασιλέι ἀειρόμενοι;
And I say this to you: Why are you now madly waging war against the King?
οὔτε γὰρ ἂν ὑπερβάλοισθε οὔτε οἷοί τε ἐστὲ ἀντέχειν τὸν πάντα χρόνον.
For you can neither overcome him, nor are you able to hold out for all time.
εἴδετε μὲν γὰρ τῆς Ξέρξεω στρατηλασίης τὸ πλῆθος καὶ τὰ ἔργα, πυνθάνεσθε δὲ καὶ τὴν νῦν παρʼ ἐμοὶ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν· ὥστε καὶ ἢν ἡμέας ὑπερβάλησθε καὶ νικήσητε, τοῦ περ ὑμῖν οὐδεμία ἐλπὶς εἴ περ εὖ φρονέετε, ἄλλη παρέσται πολλαπλησίη.
For you saw the multitude of Xerxes' expedition and its deeds, and you also hear of the power that is now with me; so that even if you should overcome and defeat us (of which there is no hope for you, if you are in your right minds), another force many times larger will be at hand.
§8.140A.4μὴ ὦν βούλεσθε παρισούμενοι βασιλέι στέρεσθαι μὲν τῆς χώρης, θέειν δὲ αἰεὶ περὶ ὑμέων αὐτῶν, ἀλλὰ καταλύσασθε·
Do not, therefore, by wishing to match yourselves against the King, be deprived of your land and always run for your lives, but make peace.
παρέχει δὲ ὑμῖν κάλλιστα καταλύσασθαι, βασιλέος ταύτῃ ὁρμημένου.
The opportunity is offered to you to make peace on the most honorable terms, since the King is set upon this course.
ἔστε ἐλεύθεροι, ἡμῖν ὁμαιχμίην συνθέμενοι ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης.
Be free, having made an alliance with us without guile or deceit."

Notes

  1. 8.140A.2ἀναγκαίως ἔχει — An impersonal construction meaning "it is necessary" or "I am forced to." The dative μοι functions as the subject of the infinitive.
  2. 8.140A.3τοῦ περ ὑμῖν οὐδεμία ἐλπὶς — τοῦ is a demonstrative pronoun in the genitive case, referring to the content of the preceding conditional clause (overcoming and defeating the Persians), depending on the noun ἐλπίς ("hope of which").
  3. 8.140A.4θέειν δὲ αἰεὶ περὶ ὑμέων αὐτῶν — The verb θέειν (to run) combined with the prepositional phrase περὶ ὑμέων αὐτῶν (concerning yourselves) idiomatically means "to run for one's life" or "to struggle constantly for survival."
  4. 8.140A.4παρέχει — Used as an impersonal verb, equivalent to ἔξεστι ("it is possible" or "opportunity is offered"). The following infinitive καταλύσασθαι (to make peace) acts as the subject.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §8.140A.1-8.140A.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.140A.1-8.140A.4

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