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Herodotus · Histories §7.18.1-7.18.4

Artabanus Changes His Mind and Supports the Expedition

Passage 1081 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Terrified by the ominous threats of the dream, Artabanus reverses his stance and urges Xerxes to prepare immediately for the expedition against Greece. Artabanus, once the sole opponent, now becomes its main promoter, and the expedition is announced to the Persians.

§7.18.1ταῦτά τε ἐδόκεε Ἀρτάβανος τὸ ὄνειρον ἀπειλέειν καὶ θερμοῖσι σιδηρίοισι ἐκκαίειν αὐτοῦ μέλλειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς.
It seemed to Artabanus that the dream was threatening these things and was about to burn out his eyes with hot irons.
καὶ ὃς ἀμβώσας μέγα ἀναθρώσκει, καὶ παριζόμενος Ξέρξῃ, ὡς τὴν ὄψιν οἱ τοῦ ἐνυπνίου διεξῆλθε ἀπηγεόμενος, δεύτερά οἱ λέγει τάδε. §7.18.2ἐγὼ μέν, ὦ βασιλεῦ, οἷά ἄνθρωπος ἰδὼν ἤδη πολλά τε καὶ μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων, οὐκ ἔων σε τὰ πάντα τῇ ἡλικίῃ εἴκειν, ἐπιστάμενος ὡς κακὸν εἴη τὸ πολλῶν ἐπιθυμέειν, μεμνημένος μὲν τὸν ἐπὶ Μασσαγέτας Κύρου στόλον ὡς ἔπρηξε, μεμνημένος δὲ καὶ τὸν ἐπʼ Αἰθίοπας τὸν Καμβύσεω, συστρατευόμενος δὲ καὶ Δαρείῳ ἐπὶ Σκύθας.
And he, crying out aloud, leaped up, and sitting down beside Xerxes, when he had related to him the vision of the dream in detail, he spoke to him next as follows: "O King, I, as a human being who has already seen many great enterprises brought to ruin by weaker forces, would not allow you to yield in all things to your youth, knowing how evil a thing it is to covet many things, remembering how Cyrus's expedition against the Massagetae fared, and remembering also Cambyses's campaign against the Ethiopians, and having myself marched with Darius against the Scythians.
§7.18.3ἐπιστάμενος ταῦτα γνώμην εἶχον ἀτρεμίζοντά σε μακαριστὸν εἶναι πρὸς πάντων ἀνθρώπων.
Understanding these things, I held the opinion that if you remained quiet, you would be blessed in the eyes of all men.
ἐπεὶ δὲ δαιμονίη τις γίνεται ὁρμή, καὶ Ἕλληνας, ὡς οἶκε, καταλαμβάνει τις φθορὴ θεήλατος, ἐγὼ μὲν καὶ αὐτὸς τρέπομαι καὶ τὴν γνώμην μετατίθεμαι, σὺ δὲ σήμηνον μὲν Πέρσῃσι τὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ πεμπόμενα, χρᾶσθαι δὲ κέλευε τοῖσι ἐκ σέο πρώτοισι προειρημένοισι ἐς τὴν παρασκευήν, ποίεε δὲ οὕτω ὅκως τοῦ θεοῦ παραδιδόντος τῶν σῶν ἐνδεήσει μηδέν. §7.18.4τούτων δὲ λεχθέντων, ἐνθαῦτα ἐπαερθέντες τῇ ὄψι, ὡς ἡμέρη ἐγένετο τάχιστα, Ξέρξης τε ὑπερετίθετο ταῦτα Πέρσῃσι, καὶ Ἀρτάβανος, ὃς πρότερον ἀποσπεύδων μοῦνος ἐφαίνετο, τότε ἐπισπεύδων φανερὸς ἦν.
But since some divine impulse is at work, and some god-sent destruction, as it seems, is overtaking the Greeks, I myself turn about and change my opinion; and do you show to the Persians what is sent from the god, and command them to follow your first proclamations regarding the preparation, and act in such a way that, when the god delivers the opportunity, there shall be no lack on your part." When these things had been said, being then encouraged by the vision, as soon as day broke, Xerxes laid these matters before the Persians, and Artabanus, who before had appeared to be the only one discouraging the expedition, was then clearly seen to be urging it on.

Notes

  1. §7.18.1ἐδόκεε Ἀρτάβανος τὸ ὄνειρον ἀπειλέειν — Meaning "Artabanus thought that the dream was threatening...". The main verb ἐδόκεε is used in a personal construction with Ἀρτάβανος as its subject, meaning "Artabanus seemed to himself to..." or "Artabanus thought...". The subject accusative of the infinitive ἀπειλέειν is τὸ ὄνειρον.
  2. §7.18.1διεξῆλθε ἀπηγεόμενος — The combination of the compound verb διεξέρχομαι ("to go through in detail", "to finish") and the present participle ἀπηγεόμενος ("relating") expresses the idea of "having related in detail" or "finished relating".
  3. §7.18.2οὐκ ἔων — The imperfect of the verb ἐάω ("to allow") with a negative particle. Here, besides the past fact "I did not allow", it conveys a conative nuance: "I was trying to prevent" or "I attempted to stop" you from yielding.
  4. §7.18.3τοῦ θεοῦ παραδιδόντος — A genitive absolute construction. The present participle παραδιδόντος ("delivering", "offering") has an implied object such as "opportunity" or "victory", meaning "when the god delivers/offers (the opportunity)".
  5. §7.18.4ἐπισπεύδων φανερὸς ἦν — A construction combining the adjective φανερός with the copula and a participle, meaning "he was clearly urging" or "it was manifest that he was urging". This is a standard Greek idiom for expressing that an action is visibly or clearly being done.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §7.18.1-7.18.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.18.1-7.18.4

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