Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §7.143.1-7.143.3

Themistocles Interprets the Oracle and Urges Sea Battle

Passage 1206 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Themistocles argues that since Salamis is called "divine" in the oracle, the impending defeat must belong to the Persians rather than the Athenians, persuading the citizens to prepare for a sea fight.

§7.143.1ἦν δὲ τῶν τις Ἀθηναίων ἀνὴρ ἐς πρώτους νεωστὶ παριών, τῷ οὔνομα μὲν ἦν Θεμιστοκλέης, παῖς δὲ Νεοκλέος ἐκαλέετο.
Now there was a certain Athenian who had recently come to the front rank, whose name was Themistocles, and he was called the son of Neocles.
οὗτος ὡνὴρ οὐκ ἔφη πᾶν ὀρθῶς τοὺς χρησμολόγους συμβάλλεσθαι, λέγων τοιάδε· εἰ ἐς Ἀθηναίους εἶχε τὸ ἔπος εἰρημένον ἐόντως, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω μιν δοκέειν ἠπίως χρησθῆναι, ἀλλὰ ὧδε ὦ σχετλίη Σαλαμίσ ἀντὶ τοῦ ὦ θείη Σαλαμίς, εἴ πέρ γε ἔμελλον οἱ οἰκήτορες ἀμφʼ αὐτῇ τελευτήσειν·
This man maintained that the oracle-mongers had not interpreted everything correctly, saying as follows: "If the verse had really been spoken with reference to the Athenians, I do not think it would have been delivered in such mild terms, but rather thus: 'O wretched Salamis,' instead of: 'O divine Salamis,' if indeed its inhabitants were destined to perish around it.
§7.143.2ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους τῷ θεῷ εἰρῆσθαι τὸ χρηστήριον συλλαμβάνοντι κατὰ τὸ ὀρθόν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐς Ἀθηναίους· παρασκευάζεσθαι ὦν αὐτοὺς ὡς ναυμαχήσοντας συνεβούλευε, ὡς τούτου ἐόντος τοῦ ξυλίνου τείχεος.
But in truth, if one takes it rightly, the god spoke the oracle with reference to the enemy, and not to the Athenians." He therefore advised them to prepare for a sea fight, since this was the wooden wall.
§7.143.3ταύτῃ Θεμιστοκλέος ἀποφαινομένου Ἀθηναῖοι ταῦτα σφίσι ἔγνωσαν αἱρετώτερα εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ τῶν χρησμολόγων, οἳ οὐκ ἔων ναυμαχίην ἀρτέεσθαι, τὸ δὲ σύμπαν εἰπεῖν οὐδὲ χεῖρας ἀνταείρεσθαι, ἀλλὰ ἐκλιπόντας χώρην τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἄλλην τινὰ οἰκίζειν.
When Themistocles expressed this opinion, the Athenians decided that this was more preferable for them than the advice of the oracle-mongers, who would not allow them to prepare for a sea fight, nor indeed, to put it briefly, even to raise their hands in resistance, but urged them to abandon the land of Attica and settle in some other country.

Notes

  1. §7.143.1εἰ ἐς Ἀθηναίους εἶχε τὸ ἔπος εἰρημένον ἐόντως, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω μιν δοκέειν ἠπίως χρησθῆναι — A conditional sentence of contrary-to-fact embedded in indirect discourse. The infinitive `δοκέειν` with `ἄν` represents a past indicative with `ἄν` (`οὐκ ἂν ... ἐδόκεε`) in the apodosis, dependent on the main verb `ἔφη`. The pronoun `μιν` (Ionic for αὐτόν/αὐτήν) is most naturally taken as referring to "Salamis", which is mentioned in the oracle, as indicated by the contrast between the subsequent vocatives `σχετλίη` and `θείη`.
  2. §7.143.2συλλαμβάνοντι — Present active participle in the dative case from `συλλαμβάνω` (to understand, grasp). This is a dative of the person judging ("to one who understands rightly"), introducing the standpoint or standard by which the oracle's true reference to the enemy is evaluated.
  3. §7.143.3τὸ δὲ σύμπαν εἰπεῖν — An idiomatic use of the absolute infinitive, functioning adverbially to modify the entire clause with the meaning "to sum up" or "to speak generally".

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §7.143.1-7.143.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.143.1-7.143.3

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