Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §4.129.1-4.129.3

How Persian Donkeys and Mules Startled Scythian Horses

Passage 693 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The author explains that since Scythia has no asses or mules due to the cold, the braying and appearance of these animals in the Persian camp startled the Scythian horses and disrupted their attacks.

§4.129.1τὸ δὲ τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι τε ἦν σύμμαχον καὶ τοῖσι Σκύθῃσι ἀντίξοον ἐπιτιθεμένοισι τῷ Δαρείου στρατοπέδῳ, θῶμα μέγιστον ἐρέω, τῶν τε ὄνων ἡ φωνὴ καὶ τῶν ἡμιόνων τὸ εἶδος.
Now, that which was an ally to the Persians and an obstacle to the Scythians when they attacked the camp of Darius—I shall relate it as a most wonderful thing—was the voice of the asses and the appearance of the mules.
§4.129.2οὔτε γὰρ ὄνον οὔτε ἡμίονον γῆ ἡ Σκυθικὴ φέρει, ὡς καὶ πρότερόν μοι δεδήλωται, οὐδὲ ἔστι ἐν τῇ Σκυθικῇ πάσῃ χώρῃ τὸ παράπαν οὔτε ὄνος οὔτε ἡμίονος διὰ τὰ ψύχεα.
For the Scythian land produces neither ass nor mule, as has indeed been shown by me before, nor is there at all in the whole Scythian country either ass or mule because of the cold.
ὑβρίζοντες ὧν οἱ ὄνοι ἐτάρασσον τὴν ἵππον τῶν Σκυθέων.
Accordingly, the asses, braying wantonly, threw the Scythian cavalry into confusion.
§4.129.3πολλάκις δὲ ἐπελαυνόντων ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας μεταξὺ ὅκως ἀκούσειαν οἱ ἵπποι τῶν ὄνων τῆς φωνῆς, ἐταράσσοντο τε ὑποστρεφόμενοι καὶ ἐν θώματι ἔσκον, ὀρθὰ ἱστάντες τὰ ὦτα, ἅτε οὔτε ἀκούσαντες πρότερον φωνῆς τοιαύτης οὔτε ἰδόντες τὸ εἶδος.
And often, when they were charging the Persians, in the midst of it, as soon as the horses heard the voice of the asses, they would be thrown into confusion, turning back, and would stand in wonder, pricking up their ears, inasmuch as they had never before heard such a voice nor seen such an appearance.

Notes

  1. §4.129.1ἐπιτιθεμένοισι — Present participle in the dative case (Ionic form for Attic ἐπιτιθεμένοις), modifying τοῖσι Σκύθῃσι (the Scythians). It describes their action: 'when they attacked [literally: to the Scythians attacking] the camp of Darius.'
  2. §4.129.3ἐπελαυνόντων — A genitive absolute construction with the present participle in the plural. The logical subject (the Scythians) is omitted as it is clear from the context ('when they were charging').
  3. §4.129.3ὅκως ἀκούσειαν — The Ionic conjunction ὅκως (corresponding to Attic ὅπως or ὁπότε) followed by an aorist optative (ἀκούσειαν), expressing a repeated action in past time ('whenever they heard').

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §4.129.1-4.129.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.129.1-4.129.3

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