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Herodotus · Histories §2.91.1-2.91.6

Worship of Perseus and Games at Chemmis

Passage 307 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Explains that the inhabitants of Chemmis, unlike other Egyptians, maintain Greek customs, worship Perseus by holding athletic contests, and attribute this to their genealogical connection to him.

§2.91.1ἑλληνικοῖσι δὲ νομαίοισι φεύγουσι χρᾶσθαι, τὸ δὲ σύμπαν εἰπεῖν, μηδʼ ἄλλων μηδαμὰ μηδαμῶν ἀνθρώπων νομαίοισι.
They avoid using Greek customs, and to speak generally, those of any other peoples whatsoever.
οἱ μέν νυν ἄλλοι Αἰγύπτιοι οὕτω τοῦτο φυλάσσουσι, ἔστι δὲ Χέμμις πόλις μεγάλη νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαϊκοῦ ἐγγὺς Νέης πόλιος·
Now, while the other Egyptians guard this custom in this way, there is Chemmis, a large city in the Theban district near Neapolis.
§2.91.2ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλι ἐστὶ Περσέος τοῦ Δανάης ἱρὸν τετράγωνον, πέριξ δὲ αὐτοῦ φοίνικες πεφύκασι.
In this city there is a square temple of Perseus, son of Danae, and around it palm trees grow.
τὰ δὲ πρόπυλα τοῦ ἱροῦ λίθινα ἐστὶ κάρτα μεγάλα· ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖσι ἀνδριάντες δύο ἑστᾶσι λίθινοι μεγάλοι.
The gateway of the temple is made of stone and is very large; upon it stand two large stone statues.
ἐν δὲ τῷ περιβεβλημένῳ τούτῳ νηός τε ἔνι καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῷ ἐνέστηκε τοῦ Περσέος.
Within this enclosed precinct there is a shrine, and in it stands an image of Perseus.
§2.91.3οὗτοι οἱ Χεμμῖται λέγουσι τὸν Περσέα πολλάκις μὲν ἀνὰ τὴν γῆν φαίνεσθαί σφι πολλάκις δὲ ἔσω τοῦ ἱροῦ, σανδάλιόν τε αὐτοῦ πεφορημένον εὑρίσκεσθαι ἐὸν τὸ μέγαθος δίπηχυ, τὸ ἐπεὰν φανῇ, εὐθηνέειν ἅπασαν Αἴγυπτον.
These Chemmites say that Perseus often appears to them throughout their land, and often inside the temple, and that his worn sandal is found, being two cubits in size, and whenever it appears, all Egypt prospers.
§2.91.4ταῦτα μὲν λέγουσι, ποιεῦσι δὲ τάδε Ἑλληνικὰ τῷ Περσέι· ἀγῶνα γυμνικὸν τιθεῖσι διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα, παρέχοντες ἄεθλα κτήνεα καὶ χλαίνας καὶ δέρματα.
This is what they say, but they do these Greek things for Perseus: they hold an athletic contest comprising every kind of competition, offering as prizes cattle, cloaks, and hides.
§2.91.5εἰρομένου δέ μευ ὅ τι σφι μούνοισι ἔωθε ὁ Περσεὺς ἐπιφαίνεσθαι καὶ ὅ τι κεχωρίδαται Αἰγυπτίων τῶν ἄλλων ἀγῶνα γυμνικὸν τιθέντες, ἔφασαν τὸν Περσέα ἐκ τῆς ἑωυτῶν πόλιος γεγονέναι· τὸν γὰρ Δαναὸν καὶ τὸν Λυγκέα ἐόντας Χεμμίτας ἐκπλῶσαι ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων γενεηλογέοντες κατέβαινον ἐς τὸν Περσέα.
When I asked why Perseus was accustomed to appear to them alone, and why they differed from the other Egyptians in holding an athletic contest, they said that Perseus was born from their city; for Danaus and Lynceus, who were Chemmites, sailed to Greece, and tracing their genealogy from these, they came down to Perseus.
§2.91.6ἀπικόμενον δὲ αὐτὸν ἐς Αἴγυπτον κατʼ αἰτίην τὴν καὶ Ἕλληνες λέγουσι, οἴσοντα ἐκ Λιβύης τὴν Γοργοῦς κεφαλήν, ἔφασαν ἐλθεῖν καὶ παρὰ σφέας καὶ ἀναγνῶναι τοὺς συγγενέας πάντας· ἐκμεμαθηκότα δέ μιν ἀπικέσθαι ἐς Αἴγυπτον τὸ τῆς Χέμμιος οὔνομα, πεπυσμένον παρὰ τῆς μητρός.
And they said that when he came to Egypt for the reason which the Greeks also tell—to bring the Gorgon's head from Libya—he came to them too and recognized all his kinsmen; and that he had arrived in Egypt already knowing the name of Chemmis well, having learned it from his mother.
ἀγῶνα δέ οἱ γυμνικὸν αὐτοῦ κελεύσαντος ἐπιτελέειν.
And they said they perform the athletic contest for him because he himself commanded them to do so.

Notes

  1. §2.91.1τὸ δὲ σύμπαν εἰπεῖν — An absolute infinitive usage, meaning "to speak generally" or "in short" acting adverbially.
  2. §2.91.5εἰρομένου δέ μευ — A genitive absolute construction with the pronoun `μευ` (Ionic for `μου`) serving as the subject of the participle.
  3. §2.91.6αὐτοῦ κελεύσαντος — A genitive absolute construction with Perseus (`αὐτοῦ`) as the subject, expressing a prior action ("at his command") relative to the main infinitive `ἐπιτελέειν`.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.91.1-2.91.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.91.1-2.91.6

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