Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §2.147.1-2.147.4

Division of Egypt under Twelve Kings and Libation Oracle

Passage 369 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Having become free after the rule of the priest of Hephaestus, the Egyptians divided the land and set up twelve kings, establishing strict laws of non-aggression among themselves. This was due to an oracle predicting that whoever among them poured a libation from a bronze bowl in the temple of Hephaestus would rule all Egypt.

§2.147.1ταῦτα μέν νυν αὐτοὶ Αἰγύπτιοι λέγουσι· ὅσα δὲ οἵ τε ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι καὶ Αἰγύπτιοι λέγουσι ὁμολογέοντες τοῖσι ἄλλοισι κατὰ ταύτην τὴν χώρην γενέσθαι, ταῦτʼ ἤδη φράσω· προσέσται δέ τι αὐτοῖσι καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ὄψιος.
These things, then, the Egyptians themselves tell; but as for what other men and the Egyptians, agreeing with the others, say happened in this land, I will now relate; and there will be added to it something of my own observation as well.
§2.147.2ἐλευθερωθέντες Αἰγύπτιοι μετὰ τὸν ἱρέα τοῦ Ἡφαίστου βασιλεύσαντα, οὐδένα γὰρ χρόνον οἷοί τε ἦσαν ἄνευ βασιλέος διαιτᾶσθαι, ἐστήσαντο δυώδεκα βασιλέας, δυώδεκα μοίρας δασάμενοι Αἴγυπτον πᾶσαν.
The Egyptians, having become free after the reign of the priest of Hephaestus—for they were not able to live without a king for any length of time—set up twelve kings, having divided the whole of Egypt into twelve parts.
§2.147.3οὗτοι ἐπιγαμίας ποιησάμενοι ἐβασίλευον νόμοισι τοῖσιδε χρεώμενοι, μήτε καταιρέειν ἀλλήλους μήτε πλέον τι δίζησθαι ἔχειν τὸν ἕτερον τοῦ ἑτέρου, εἶναί τε φίλους τὰ μάλιστα.
These made marriages with one another and ruled, observing the following laws: that they should not depose one another, nor seek to have any more than another, and that they should be friends in the highest degree.
§2.147.4τῶνδε δὲ εἵνεκα τοὺς νόμους τούτους ἐποιέοντο, ἰσχυρῶς περιστέλλοντες· ἐκέχρηστό σφι κατʼ ἀρχὰς αὐτίκα ἐνισταμένοισι ἐς τὰς τυραννίδας τὸν χαλκέῃ φιάλῃ σπείσαντα αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ ἱρῷ τοῦ Ἡφαίστου, τοῦτον ἁπάσης βασιλεύσειν Αἰγύπτου· ἐς γὰρ δὴ τὰ πάντα ἱρὰ συνελέγοντο.
And they made these laws, keeping them strictly, for the following reason: an oracle had been given to them at the very beginning of their establishing themselves in their sovereignties, that whoever of them should pour a libation from a bronze bowl in the temple of Hephaestus, this man should rule over the whole of Egypt; for indeed they used to assemble in all the temples.

Notes

  1. 2.147.2μετὰ τὸν ἱρέα τοῦ Ἡφαίστου βασιλεύσαντα — The preposition μετά combined with an accusative noun and its participle expresses an event, equivalent to the Latin ab urbe condita construction, meaning 'after the priest had ruled as king' or 'after the reign of the priest'.
  2. 2.147.3μήτε καταιρέειν... μήτε... δίζησθαι... εἶναί τε... — These infinitives (καταιρέειν, δίζησθαι, εἶναι) function as appositives explaining the specific contents of the preceding νόμοισι τοῖσιδε ('the following laws').
  3. 2.147.4ἐκέχρηστό σφι — The third-person singular pluperfect passive/middle form of χράω used impersonally, meaning 'an oracle had been given to them'. The subsequent accusative with infinitive clause (τὸν... βασιλεύσειν) expresses the content of this oracle.
  4. 2.147.4τὸν χαλκέῃ φιάλῃ σπείσαντα αὐτῶν... τοῦτον... βασιλεύσειν — In this accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction, the demonstrative pronoun τοῦτον redundantly resumes and emphasizes the preceding participle phrase τὸν... σπείσαντα ('the one who poured a libation...') as the subject of the infinitive βασιλεύσειν.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.147.1-2.147.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.147.1-2.147.4

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