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Herodotus · Histories §2.133.1-2.133.5

The Oracle on Mycerinus's Death and His Defiance

Passage 355 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

King Mycerinus receives an oracle from Buto predicting he has only six years to live. Rejecting this unjust fate, he attempts to disprove the oracle by turning nights into days and indulging in constant revelry, effectively doubling his remaining years to twelve.

§2.133.1μετὰ δὲ τῆς θυγατρὸς τὸ πάθος δεύτερα τούτῳ τῷ βασιλέι τάδε γενέσθαι· ἐλθεῖν οἱ μαντήιον ἐκ Βουτοῦς πόλιος ὡς μέλλοι ἓξ ἔτεα μοῦνον βιοὺς τῷ ἑβδόμῳ τελευτήσειν.
After the misfortune of his daughter, the following second thing happened to this king: there came to him an oracle from the city of Buto, saying that he was destined to live for only six years and to die in the seventh.
§2.133.2τὸν δὲ δεινὸν ποιησάμενον πέμψαι ἐς τὸ μαντήιον τῷ θεῷ ὀνείδισμα, ἀντιμεμφόμενον ὅτι ὁ μὲν αὐτοῦ πατὴρ καὶ πάτρως, ἀποκληίσαντες τὰ ἱρὰ καὶ θεῶν οὐ μεμνημένοι ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους φθείροντες, ἐβίωσαν χρόνον ἐπὶ πολλόν, αὐτὸς δʼ εὐσεβὴς ἐὼν μέλλοι ταχέως οὕτω τελευτήσειν.
Deeming this to be hard to bear, he sent to the oracle a reproach to the god, complaining in return that whereas his father and his uncle, who had shut up the temples and had no regard for the gods, but even destroyed men, had lived for a long time, he himself, though being pious, was to die so quickly.
§2.133.3ἐκ δὲ τοῦ χρηστηρίου αὐτῷ δεύτερα ἐλθεῖν λέγοντα τούτων εἵνεκα καὶ συνταχύνειν αὐτὸν τὸν βίον· οὐ γὰρ ποιῆσαί μιν τὸ χρεὸν ἦν ποιέειν· δεῖν γὰρ Αἴγυπτον κακοῦσθαι ἐπʼ ἔτεα πεντήκοντά τε καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ τοὺς μὲν δύο τοὺς πρὸ ἐκείνου γενομένους βασιλέας μαθεῖν τοῦτο, κεῖνον δὲ οὔ.
But there came to him from the seat of the oracle a second message, saying that for this very reason his life was being shortened; for he had not done what he ought to have done, since Egypt was destined to be afflicted for a hundred and fifty years, and the two kings who ruled before him had understood this, but he had not.
§2.133.4ταῦτα ἀκούσαντα τὸν Μυκερῖνον, ὡς κατακεκριμένων ἤδη οἱ τούτων, λύχνα ποιησάμενον πολλά, ὅκως γίνοιτο νύξ, ἀνάψαντα αὐτὰ πίνειν τε καὶ εὐπαθέειν, οὔτε ἡμέρης οὔτε νυκτὸς ἀνιέντα, ἔς τε τὰ ἕλεα καὶ τὰ ἄλσεα πλανώμενον καὶ ἵνα πυνθάνοιτο εἶναι ἐνηβητήρια ἐπιτηδεότατα.
When Mycerinus heard this, as though these things were already decided against him, he had many lamps made, and whenever night came, he lit them and drank and made merry, relaxing neither by day nor by night, but wandering to the marshes and the groves, and to whatever places he heard were the most suitable for pleasure.
§2.133.5ταῦτα δὲ ἐμηχανᾶτο θέλων τὸ μαντήιον ψευδόμενον ἀποδέξαι, ἵνα οἱ δυώδεκα ἔτεα ἀντὶ ἓξ ἐτέων γένηται, αἱ νύκτες ἡμέραι ποιεύμεναι.
He devised this because he wished to prove the oracle false, so that by turning nights into days, twelve years might be made for him instead of six.

Notes

  1. 2.133.2μέλλοι — Within the ὅτι clause, the indicative aorist (ἐβίωσαν) is used for the factual long life of his predecessors, whereas the optative of indirect discourse (oblique optative, μέλλοι) is used under the influence of the past tense narrative (the historical infinitive πέμψαι) to express his own impending death as announced by the oracle, highlighting the king's subjective grievance.
  2. 2.133.4ὡς κατακεκριμένων ἤδη οἱ τούτων — The combination of ὡς with the genitive absolute (κατακεκριμένων ... τούτων) expresses a subjective assumption or belief on the part of the main subject ("as though these things had already been decided"). The third-person singular dative pronoun οἱ (Ionic form) functions here as an indirect reflexive referring back to the subject of the main action (Mycerinus).
  3. 2.133.4ἵνα πυνθάνοιτο — Here ἵνα is not final ("in order that") but functions as a relative adverb of place ("wherever"), taking the optative (πυνθάνοιτο) to denote an indefinite or repeated location in past narrative time.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.133.1-2.133.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.133.1-2.133.5

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