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Herodotus · Histories §1.77.1-1.77.4

Croesus Retreats to Sardis and Summons His Allies

Passage 77 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Croesus retreats to Sardis due to his army's smaller size and the lack of a Persian attack the following day. He plans to summon his allies from Egypt, Babylon, and Lacedaemon over the winter to launch a spring campaign, and consequently disbands his current mercenary force, expecting no immediate Persian advance.

§1.77.1Κροῖσος δὲ μεμφθεὶς κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ἑωυτοῦ στράτευμα (ἦν γάρ οἱ ὁ συμβαλὼν στρατὸς πολλὸν ἐλάσσων ἢ ὁ Κύρου), τοῦτο μεμφθείς, ὡς τῇ ὑστεραίῃ οὐκ ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιὼν ὁ Κῦρος, ἀπήλαυνε ἐς τὰς Σάρδις ἐν νόῳ ἔχων παρακαλέσας μὲν Αἰγυπτίους κατὰ τὸ ὅρκιον §1.77.2(ἐποιήσατο γὰρ καὶ πρὸς Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα Αἰγύπτου συμμαχίην πρότερον ἤ περ πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους), μεταπεμψάμενος δὲ καὶ Βαβυλωνίους (καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τούτους αὐτῷ ἐπεποίητο συμμαχίη, ἐτυράννευε δὲ τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον τῶν Βαβυλωνίων Λαβύνητος), §1.77.3ἐπαγγείλας δὲ καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοισι παρεῖναι ἐς χρόνον ῥητόν ἁλίσας τε δὴ τούτους καὶ τὴν ἑωυτοῦ συλλέξας στρατιὴν ἐνένωτο τὸν χειμῶνα παρείς, ἅμα τῷ ἔαρι στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας.
Croesus, finding fault with his army on account of its number (for the army that had engaged was much smaller than that of Cyrus), finding fault with this, when on the next day Cyrus did not attempt to attack, marched back to Sardis with the intention of summoning the Egyptians according to their oath (for he had also made an alliance with Amasis, who was then ruling Egypt, even before he did with the Lacedaemonians), and of sending for the Babylonians as well (for an alliance had been made by him with them too, and Labynetus was at this time the ruler of the Babylonians), and of bidding the Lacedaemonians also to be present at an appointed time; and so, having assembled these allies and collected his own army, he had resolved, after letting the winter pass, to march against the Persians at the coming of spring.
§1.77.4καὶ ὃ μὲν ταῦτα φρονέων, ὡς ἀπίκετο ἐς τὰς Σάρδις, ἔπεμπε κήρυκας κατὰ τὰς συμμαχίας προερέοντας ἐς πέμπτον μῆνα συλλέγεσθαι ἐς Σάρδις· τὸν δὲ παρεόντα καὶ μαχεσάμενον στρατὸν Πέρσῃσι, ὃς ἦν αὐτοῦ ξεινικός, πάντα ἀπεὶς διεσκέδασε οὐδαμὰ ἐλπίσας μὴ κοτε ἄρα ἀγωνισάμενος οὕτω παραπλησίως Κῦρος ἐλάσῃ ἐπὶ Σάρδις.
And he, with this intent, when he arrived at Sardis, sent heralds throughout the alliances to proclaim that they should assemble at Sardis in the fifth month; but the army that was present and had fought against the Persians, which was his foreign mercenary force, he disbanded and dispersed entirely, never expecting that Cyrus, after having contended in so nearly equal a manner, would ever march against Sardis.

Notes

  1. 1.77.1μεμφθεὶς ... τοῦτο μεμφθείς — The aorist passive participle μεμφθείς from μέμφομαι (to find fault) is used here with a middle meaning, taking a direct object (τὸ ἑωυτοῦ στράτευμα in the first instance and τοῦτο in the second). Due to the interruption caused by the parenthetical explanation (ἦν γάρ...), the same participle is repeated to resume the main syntactic flow.
  2. 1.77.1ἐν νόῳ ἔχων ... ἐνένωτο — The expression of intention beginning with ἐν νόῳ ἔχων (intending to) in §1.77.1 governs a series of aorist participles (παρακαλέσας, μεταπεμψάμενος, ἐπαγγείλας, ἁλίσας, συλλέξας) and finally converges on the main verb ἐνένωτο (pluperfect middle/passive of ἐννοέω or ἐν νόῳ ἔχω, 'had resolved') in §1.77.3. The infinitive depending on ἐνένωτο is στρατεύειν.
  3. 1.77.4οὐδαμὰ ἐλπίσας μὴ κοτε ἄρα ... ἐλάσῃ — Governed by the participle of negative expectation οὐδαμὰ ἐλπίσας (never expecting), the negative particle μὴ is used with the aorist subjunctive ἐλάσῃ (third-person singular of ἐλαύνω) to express a negative anticipation or apprehension ('never thinking that... would march').

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.77.1-1.77.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.77.1-1.77.4

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