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Herodotus · Histories §1.129.1-1.129.4

Harpagus's Taunt and Astyages's Rebuttal

Passage 129 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Harpagus mocks the captive Astyages by bringing up the banquet of his son's flesh. Astyages retorts by pointing out Harpagus's foolishness and injustice in transferring power to the Persians when he could have taken it himself.

§1.129.1ἐόντι δὲ αἰχμαλώτῳ τῷ Ἀστυάγεϊ προσστὰς ὁ Ἅρπαγος κατέχαιρέ τε καὶ κατεκερτόμεε, καὶ ἄλλα λέγων ἐς αὐτὸν θυμαλγέα ἔπεα, καὶ δὴ καὶ εἴρετό μιν πρὸς τὸ ἑωυτοῦ δεῖπνον, τὸ μιν ἐκεῖνος σαρξὶ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐθοίνησε, ὅ τι εἴη ἡ ἐκείνου δουλοσύνη ἀντὶ τῆς βασιληίης.
Standing before Astyages, who was now a prisoner, Harpagus exulted over him and mocked him; and besides saying other words to him that were painful to his heart, he particularly asked him, in reference to his own banquet—the one with which that man had feasted him on the flesh of his own child—what his slavery was like in exchange for his kingship.
§1.129.2ὁ δέ μιν προσιδὼν ἀντείρετο εἰ ἑωυτοῦ ποιέεται τὸ Κύρου ἔργον.
But Astyages, looking at him, asked in return whether he made Cyrus's deed his own.
Ἅρπαγος δὲ ἔφη, αὐτὸς γὰρ γράψαι, τὸ πρῆγμα ἑωυτοῦ δὴ δικαίως εἶναι.
Harpagus said that, since he himself had written the letter, the affair was indeed justly his own.
§1.129.3Ἀστυάγης δέ μιν ἀπέφαινε τῷ λόγῳ σκαιότατόν τε καὶ ἀδικώτατον ἐόντα πάντων ἀνθρώπων, σκαιότατον μέν γε, εἰ παρεὸν αὐτῷ βασιλέα γενέσθαι, εἰ δὴ διʼ ἑωυτοῦ γε ἐπρήχθη τὰ παρεόντα, ἄλλῳ περιέθηκε τὸ κράτος, ἀδικώτατον δέ, ὅτι τοῦ δείπνου εἵνεκεν Μήδους κατεδούλωσε.
Then Astyages proved him by argument to be the most foolish and most unjust of all men: the most foolish, because, if indeed the present events had been brought about through him, when it was possible for himself to become king, he had bestowed the power upon another; and the most unjust, because for the sake of a dinner he had enslaved the Medes.
§1.129.4εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τεῷ τὴν βασιληίην καὶ μὴ αὐτὸν ἔχειν, δικαιότερον εἶναι Μήδων τεῷ περιβαλεῖν τοῦτο τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἢ Περσέων.
For if it was indeed necessary by all means to bestow the kingship upon some other person and not to hold it himself, it would have been more just to invest some Mede with this good fortune rather than a Persian.
νῦν δὲ Μήδους μὲν ἀναιτίους τούτου ἐόντας δούλους ἀντὶ δεσποτέων γεγονέναι, Πέρσας δὲ δούλους ἐόντας τὸ πρὶν Μήδων νῦν γεγονέναι δεσπότας.
But now, the Medes, who were guiltless in this matter, had become slaves instead of masters, and the Persians, who were formerly the slaves of the Medes, had now become masters.

Notes

  1. 1.129.1ἑωυτοῦ — The reflexive pronoun ἑωυτοῦ refers to the subject of the clause, Harpagus (ὁ Ἅρπαγος) himself. Thus, it means 'his own banquet', referring to the horrific banquet where Astyages served Harpagus the flesh of his own son.
  2. 1.129.2γράφαι — In the causal clause introduced by γάρ, the infinitive γράψαι (aorist infinitive of γράφω) is used instead of the indicative. This is a characteristic of Ionic prose (especially in Herodotus) where the influence of indirect discourse (dependent on ἔφη) extends into the subordinate clause.
  3. 1.129.3παρεὸν — This is the neuter singular accusative of the present participle of the impersonal verb πάρεστι (it is possible), functioning as an accusative absolute. It expresses concession: 'although it was possible for him to become king'.
  4. 1.129.4δεῖν — In indirect discourse (dependent on ἀπέφαινε), the verb in the conditional clause (e.g. εἰ clause) appears as the infinitive δεῖν instead of the indicative (ἔδει). This assimilation of subordinate verbs into the infinitive is a common feature in Herodotus.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.129.1-1.129.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.129.1-1.129.4

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