Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §1.123.1-1.123.4

Harpagus's Plot and Secret Letter in a Hare

Passage 123 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Harpagus, seeking revenge against Astyages, wins over the grown Cyrus and persuades the Median nobles to prepare for a revolt. To bypass the guarded roads, he sends a hidden message to Cyrus inside the belly of a hare.

§1.123.1ἐνθεῦτεν μὲν ἡ φάτις αὕτη κεχώρηκε.
From this source, then, this rumor spread abroad.
Κύρῳ δὲ ἀνδρευμένῳ καὶ ἐόντι τῶν ἡλίκων ἀνδρηιοτάτῳ καὶ προσφιλεστάτῳ προσέκειτο ὁ Ἅρπαγος δῶρα πέμπων, τίσασθαι Ἀστυάγεα ἐπιθυμέων· ἀπʼ ἑωυτοῦ γὰρ ἐόντος ἰδιώτεω οὐκ ἐνώρα τιμωρίην ἐσομένην ἐς Ἀστυάγεα, Κῦρον δὲ ὁρέων ἐπιτρεφόμενον ἐποιέετο σύμμαχον, τὰς πάθας τὰς Κύρου τῇσι ἑωυτοῦ ὁμοιούμενος.
Meanwhile, as Cyrus grew to manhood and became the most courageous and beloved of his peers, Harpagus paid court to him by sending gifts, being eager to take vengeance on Astyages; for he saw no prospect of vengeance being accomplished against Astyages on his own part, since he was a mere private citizen, but seeing Cyrus growing up, he tried to make him an ally, comparing Cyrus's sufferings to his own.
§1.123.2πρὸ δʼ ἔτι τούτου τάδε οἱ κατέργαστο· ἐόντος τοῦ Ἀστυάγεος πικροῦ ἐς τοὺς Μήδους, συμμίσγων ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ ὁ Ἅρπαγος τῶν πρώτων Μήδων ἀνέπειθε ὡς χρὴ Κῦρον προστησαμένους Ἀστυάγεα παῦσαι τῆς βασιληίης.
But even before this, the following had been accomplished by him: since Astyages was harsh toward the Medes, Harpagus, associating with each one of the leading Medes, persuaded them that they ought to make Cyrus their leader and depose Astyages from the kingship.
§1.123.3κατεργασμένου δέ οἱ τούτου καὶ ἐόντος ἑτοίμου, οὕτω δὴ τῷ Κύρῳ διαιτωμένῳ ἐν Πέρσῃσι βουλόμενος Ἅρπαγος δηλῶσαι τὴν ἑωυτοῦ γνώμην ἄλλως μὲν οὐδαμῶς εἶχε ἅτε τῶν ὁδῶν φυλασσομενέων, ὁ δὲ ἐπιτεχνᾶται τοιόνδε· §1.123.4λαγὸν μηχανησάμενος, καὶ ἀνασχίσας τούτου τὴν γαστέρα καὶ οὐδὲν ἀποτίλας, ὡς δὲ εἶχε οὕτω ἐσέθηκε βυβλίον, γράψας τά οἱ ἐδόκεε·
When this had been accomplished by him and was ready, and since Cyrus was thus living among the Persians, Harpagus, wishing to reveal his purpose to him, had no other way of doing so, as the roads were guarded; so he devised the following plan: He procured a hare, and having slit its belly without plucking any of its fur, just as it was, he inserted a letter, writing in it what he thought fit.
ἀπορράψας δὲ τοῦ λαγοῦ τὴν γαστέρα, καὶ δίκτυα δοὺς ἅτε θηρευτῇ τῶν οἰκετέων τῷ πιστοτάτῳ, ἀπέστελλε ἐς τοὺς Πέρσας, ἐντειλάμενὸς οἱ ἀπὸ γλώσσης διδόντα τὸν λαγὸν Κύρῳ ἐπειπεῖν αὐτοχειρίῃ μιν διελεῖν καὶ μηδένα οἱ ταῦτα ποιεῦντι παρεῖναι.
Then, having sewn up the hare's belly and given nets to the most trustworthy of his servants as if he were a hunter, he sent him off to the Persians, instructing him by word of mouth that, when giving the hare to Cyrus, he should tell him to cut it open with his own hands, and that no one should be present when he did this.

Notes

  1. 1.123.1ἀπʼ ἑωυτοῦ γὰρ ἐόντος ἰδιώτεω — A genitive absolute construction. The subject of ἐόντος ἰδιώτεω ("being a private person") is ἑωυτοῦ ("himself"), combined with the preposition ἀπό ("from, relying on") to mean "since he himself was a mere private citizen, on his own part."
  2. 1.123.3ἄλλως μὲν οὐδαμῶς εἶχε — The verb ἔχω with the adverbs ἄλλως ... οὐδαμῶς is used impersonally to mean "it was in no other way possible" or "there was no other way." Although it could be interpreted with Harpagus as the subject ("he had no other way [to reveal his mind]"), taking it as an impersonal expression regarding the situation is more natural.
  3. 1.123.4ἐντειλάμενὸς οἱ ἀπὸ γλώσσης διδόντα τὸν λαγὸν Κύρῳ ἐπειπεῖν — The participle διδόντα is in the accusative case, agreeing with the implied subject of the infinitive ἐπειπεῖν ("to say besides"). Although the messenger is initially referred to by the dative pronoun οἱ, the subject of the infinitive is attracted into the accusative διδόντα. It means "instructing him (the messenger) to say, when giving the hare to Cyrus."

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.123.1-1.123.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.123.1-1.123.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.