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Demosthenes · Against Eubulides §9-17

The Fraudulent Deme Vote and Proof of Paternal Descent

Passage 2 of 9 · Greek

Summary

The speaker details how Eubulides intentionally delayed the deme assembly to conduct a fraudulent vote against him in the dark with a conspiratorial minority. He then declares his readiness to prove his legitimate Athenian citizenship through both his paternal and maternal lines.

§9πρῶτον μέν, ἐπειδὴ συνελέγησαν οἱ δημόται, κατέτριψεν τὴν ἡμέραν δημηγορῶν καὶ ψηφίσματα γράφων.
First of all, when the demesmen assembled, he wasted the day making speeches and drafting decrees.
τοῦτο δʼ ἦν οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου, ἀλλʼ ἐπιβουλεύων ἐμοί, ὅπως ὡς ὀψιαίταθʼ ἡ διαψήφισις ἡ περὶ ἐμοῦ γένοιτο· καὶ διεπράξατο τοῦτο.
This was not by chance, but was a plot against me, so that the vote concerning me might take place as late as possible; and he accomplished this.
καὶ τῶν μὲν δημοτῶν οἱ ὀμόσαντες ἐγενόμεθα τρεῖς καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα, ἠρξάμεθα δὲ τοῦ διαψηφίζεσθαι δείλης ὀψίας, ὥστε συνέβη, ἡνίκα τοὐμὸν ὄνομʼ ἐκαλεῖτο, σκότος εἶναι ἤδη·
Of the demesmen, those of us who had taken the oath were seventy-three, but we began to vote late in the evening, so that it happened that when my name was called, it was already dark.
§10καὶ γὰρ ἦν περὶ ἑξηκοστόν, καὶ ἐκλήθην ὕστατος ἁπάντων τῶν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κληθέντων, ἡνίχʼ οἱ μὲν πρεσβύτεροι τῶν δημοτῶν ἀπεληλύθεσαν εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς· τοῦ γὰρ δήμου ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα στάδια τοῦ ἄστεως ἀπέχοντος καὶ τῶν πλείστων ἐκεῖ οἰκούντων, ἀπεληλύθεσαν οἱ πολλοί·
Indeed, my turn was about the sixty-first, and I was called last of all those called on that day, at a time when the elder demesmen had already departed for their fields; for since our deme, gentlemen of the jury, is thirty-five stades distant from the city, and most of them live there, the majority had gone away, and those who remained were not more than thirty.
οἱ δὲ κατάλοιποι ἦσαν οὐ πλείους ἢ τριάκοντα. ἐν δὲ τούτοις ἦσαν ἅπαντες οἱ τούτῳ παρεσκευασμένοι.
Among these were all those who had been suborned by this man.
§11ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἐκλήθη τοὐμὸν ὄνομα, ἀναπηδήσας οὗτος ἐβλασφήμει κατʼ ἐμοῦ ταχὺ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ, ὥσπερ καὶ νῦν, μάρτυρα μὲν ὧν κατηγόρησεν οὐδένα παρασχόμενος οὔτε τῶν δημοτῶν οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν, παρεκελεύετο δὲ τοῖς δημόταις ἀποψηφίζεσθαι.
And when my name was called, this man, leaping up, began to slander me rapidly, at great length, and in a loud voice, just as he does now, presenting no witness for what he charged, whether from among the demesmen or the other citizens, but merely urging the demesmen to vote for my expulsion.
§12ἀξιοῦντος δέ μου ἀναβαλέσθαι εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν διά τε τὴν ὥραν καὶ τὸ μηδένα μοι παρεῖναι τό τε πρᾶγμʼ ἄφνω προσπεπτωκέναι, ἵνα τούτῳ τʼ ἐξουσία γένοιθʼ ὁπόσα βούλοιτο κατηγορῆσαι καὶ μάρτυρας εἴ τινας ἔχοι παρασχέσθαι, ἐμοί τʼ ἐκγένοιτʼ ἀπολογήσασθαι ἐν ἅπασι τοῖς δημόταις καὶ τοὺς οἰκείους μάρτυρας παρασχέσθαι· καὶ ὅ τι γνοίησαν περὶ ἐμοῦ, τούτοις ἤθελον ἐμμένειν· §13οὗτος ὧν μὲν ἐγὼ προὐκαλούμην οὐδὲν ἐφρόντισεν, τὴν δὲ ψῆφον εὐθὺς ἐδίδου τοῖς παροῦσι τῶν δημοτῶν, οὔτʼ ἀπολογίαν οὐδεμίαν ἐμοὶ δοὺς οὔτʼ ἔλεγχον οὐδένʼ ἀκριβῆ ποιήσας.
Although I demanded to postpone the matter to the following day, both because of the late hour and because I had no one present to support me, and the matter had fallen upon me suddenly, so that he might have the opportunity to make whatever accusations he wished and to produce any witnesses he might have, and I might be able to make my defense before all the demesmen and produce my own relatives as witnesses; and whatever they should decide concerning me, I was willing to abide by it; this man paid no attention to what I proposed, but immediately gave the ballot to the demesmen who were present, without granting me any defense or making any precise examination.
οἱ δὲ τούτῳ συνεστῶτες ἀναπηδήσαντες ἐψηφίζοντο.
Those who were in league with him, leaping up, began to vote.
καὶ ἦν μὲν σκότος, οἱ δὲ λαμβάνοντες δύο καὶ τρεῖς ψήφους ἕκαστος παρὰ τούτου ἐνέβαλλον εἰς τὸν καδίσκον.
And it was dark, and some of them, receiving two or three ballots each from this man, threw them into the urn.
σημεῖον δέ· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ψηφισάμενοι οὐ πλείους ἢ τριάκοντʼ ἦσαν, αἱ δὲ ψῆφοι ἠριθμήθησαν πλείους ἢ ἑξήκοντα, ὥστε πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐκπλαγῆναι.
As proof of this: those who voted were not more than thirty, but the ballots when counted were more than sixty, so that we were all astounded.
§14καὶ ταῦθʼ ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω, καὶ ὅτι οὔτʼ ἐδόθη ἡ ψῆφος ἐν ἅπασιν πλείους τʼ ἐγένοντο τῶν ψηφισαμένων, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι.
And that I speak the truth in this, and that the ballot was not taken among all, and that the votes were more than those who voted, I shall produce witnesses to you.
συμβαίνει δέ μοι περὶ τούτων τῶν μὲν φίλων ἢ τῶν ἄλλων Ἀθηναίων μηδένα μάρτυρα παρεῖναι διά τε τὴν ὥραν καὶ διὰ τὸ μηδένα παρακαλέσαι, αὐτοῖς δὲ τοῖς ἠδικηκόσιν με χρῆσθαι μάρτυσιν.
But it happens to me in this matter that, because of the hour and because I did not summon anyone, none of my friends or other Athenians were present as witnesses, so that I must use the very men who wronged me as my witnesses.
ἃ οὖν οὐ δυνήσονται ἔξαρνοι γενέσθαι, ταῦτα γέγραφʼ αὐτοῖς.
I have therefore written down for them those things which they will not be able to deny.
λέγε. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. §15εἰ μὲν τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, συνέβαινεν τοῖς Ἁλιμουσίοις περὶ ἁπάντων τῶν δημοτῶν διαψηφίσασθαι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, εἰκὸς ἦν καὶ εἰς ὀψὲ ψηφίζεσθαι, ἵνʼ ἀπηλλαγμένοι ἦσαν ποιήσαντες τὰ ὑμῖν ἐψηφισμένα.
Read. [TESTIMONY] If, therefore, gentlemen of the jury, it had been necessary for the Halimusiens to vote on all the demesmen on that day, it would have been reasonable to go on voting even until late, so that they might have been rid of the business by executing what you had decreed.
εἰ δὲ πλείους ἢ εἴκοσιν ὑπόλοιποι ἦσαν τῶν δημοτῶν, περὶ ὧν ἔδει τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ διαψηφίσασθαι, καὶ ὁμοίως ἦν ἀνάγκη συλλέγεσθαι τοὺς δημότας, τί ποτʼ ἦν τὸ δυσχερὲς Εὐβουλίδῃ ἀναβαλέσθαι εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν καὶ περὶ ἐμοῦ πρώτου τὴν ψῆφον διδόναι τοῖς δημόταις;
But if there were more than twenty demesmen remaining, concerning whom they had to vote on the following day, and it was equally necessary for the demesmen to assemble, what on earth was the difficulty for Eubulides to postpone it to the next day and to take the vote about me first before the demesmen?
§16διότι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐκ ἠγνόει Εὐβουλίδης ὅτι, εἰ λόγος ἀποδοθήσοιτο καὶ παραγένοιντό μοι πάντες οἱ δημόται καὶ ἡ ψῆφος δικαίως δοθείη, οὐδαμοῦ γενήσονται οἱ μετὰ τούτου συνεστηκότες.
Because, gentlemen of the jury, Eubulides well knew that, if a hearing should be granted and all the demesmen should be present on my behalf and the vote should be cast justly, those who had conspired with him would be nowhere.
ὅθεν δʼ οὗτοι συνέστησαν, ταῦτα, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότε, ἂν βούλησθʼ ἀκούειν, ἐρῶ.
How they came to conspire, I shall tell you after I have spoken of my descent, if you wish to hear.
§17νῦν δὲ τί δίκαιον νομίζω καὶ τί παρεσκεύασμαι ποιεῖν, ἄνδρες δικασταί;
Now, gentlemen of the jury, what do I think is just and what have I prepared myself to do?
δεῖξαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐμαυτὸν Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς μητρός, καὶ μάρτυρας τούτων, οὓς ὑμεῖς ἀληθεῖς φήσετʼ εἶναι, παρασχέσθαι, τὰς δὲ λοιδορίας καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ἀνελεῖν·
It is to show to you that I am an Athenian both on my father's and on my mother's side, and to produce as witnesses of this those whom you will declare to be truthful, and to refute his slanders and accusations.
ὑμᾶς δʼ ἀκούσαντας τούτων, ἐὰν μὲν ὑμῖν πολίτης ὢν κατεστασιάσθαι δοκῶ, σῴζειν, εἰ δὲ μή, πράττειν ὁποῖον ἄν τι ὑμῖν εὐσεβὲς εἶναι δοκῇ.
And you, when you have heard these things, if I seem to you to be a citizen who has been victimized by a faction, save me; but if not, do whatever you think is consistent with your duty to the gods.
ἄρξομαι δʼ ἐντεῦθεν.
I shall begin from this point.

Notes

  1. §9τῶν μὲν δημοτῶν οἱ ὀμόσαντες — Use of partitive genitive. `τῶν δημοτῶν` depends on the substantivized participle `οἱ ὀμόσαντες` ("those who had taken the oath"). This whole phrase serves as the subject of the first-person plural verb `ἐγενόμεθα`, meaning "those of us among the demesmen who had sworn the oath were...".
  2. §10τοῦ γὰρ δήμου ἡμῖν ... ἀπέχοντος — A genitive absolute construction where `τοῦ δήμου` is the logical subject and `ἀπέχοντος` is the participle. `ἡμῖν` is a dative of relation or reference ("the deme for us" or "our deme") affecting the subject.
  3. §15ἵνʼ ἀπηλλαγμένοι ἦσαν — A purpose clause introduced by `ἵνα` followed by a past indicative (here the pluperfect, expressed periphrastically), used to denote an unaccomplished or unattainable purpose in past time ("in order that they might have been rid of the business").
  4. §17δεῖξαι ... καὶ μάρτυρας ... παρασχέσθαι, τὰς δὲ λοιδορίας ... ἀνελεῖν — A series of infinitive clauses. These infinitives (`δεῖξαι`, `παρασχέσθαι`, `ἀνελεῖν`) are governed by `νομίζω` (or an implied impersonal verb like `δεῖ`) as the concrete answer to the speaker's rhetorical question "What do I think is just...?", representing his plan of action.

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Against Eubulides §9-17. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg057.humanitext-grc2:9-17

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