Humanitext Reader

Demosthenes · Against Eubulides §63-70

Conflict as Demarch and Summary of Citizenship via Both Parents

Passage 9 of 9 · Greek

Summary

The speaker states that his efforts to collect public debts during his term as demarch brought him into conflict with Eubulides and his faction, leading to their conspiracy and harassment. He then systematically proves his legitimate citizenship before the jury by presenting the ancestry and relatives of both his father and his mother.

§63εἰ δὲ δεῖ τὴν δημαρχίαν λέγειν, διʼ ἣν ὠργίζοντό μοί τινες, ἐν ᾗ διάφορος ἐγενόμην εἰσπράττων ὀφείλοντας πολλοὺς αὐτῶν μισθώσεις τεμενῶν καὶ ἕτερʼ ἃ τῶν κοινῶν διηρπάκεσαν, ἐγὼ μὲν ἂν βουλοίμην ὑμᾶς ἀκούειν, ἀλλʼ ἴσως ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος ὑπολήψεσθε ταῦτʼ εἶναι.
And if I must speak of my demarchship, because of which some were angry with me—in which I became at variance with many of them, collecting lease-money for sacred precincts and other public property which they had plundered—I indeed would wish you to hear this, but perhaps you will suppose it to be outside the case.
ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτʼ ἔχω δεικνύναι τεκμήριον ὡς συνέστησαν· ἔκ τε γὰρ τοῦ ὅρκου ἐξήλειψαν τὸ ψηφιεῖσθαι γνώμῃ τῇ δικαιοτάτῃ καὶ οὔτε χάριτος ἕνεκʼ οὔτʼ ἔχθρας·
And yet I can show this too as a proof that they conspired; for they erased from their oath the clause that they would vote according to their most just opinion and neither for the sake of favor nor enmity.
§64καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο φανερὸν ἐγένετο καὶ ὅτι ἱεροσυλήσαντες τὰ ὅπλα (εἰρήσεται γάρ), ἃ ἐγὼ ἀνέθηκα τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ, καὶ τὸ ψήφισμʼ ἐκκολάψαντες ὃ ἐμοὶ ἐψηφίσανθʼ οἱ δημόται, συνώμνυον οὗτοι ἐπʼ ἐμὲ οἱ ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ τὰ κοινὰ εἰσπραχθέντες.
For this also became manifest, as well as the fact that after robbing the weapons (for it shall be spoken) which I dedicated to Athena, and erasing the decree which the demesmen voted for me, these men who had been forced by me to pay back the public funds conspired against me.
καὶ εἰς τοσοῦτʼ ἀναιδείας ἐληλύθασιν, ὥστʼ ἔλεγον περιιόντες ἐμὲ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἕνεκα ταῦτα ποιῆσαι.
And they have arrived at such a pitch of impudence that they went about saying that I had done these things myself for the sake of my defense.
καὶ τίς ὑμῶν ἂν καταγνοίη μου τοσαύτην μανίαν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὥστε τηλικούτων ἕνεκα πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα τεκμηρίων ἄξια θανάτου διαπράξασθαι, καὶ ἃ ἐμοὶ φιλοτιμίαν ἔφερεν, ταῦτʼ ἀφανίζειν;
And who among you, gentlemen of the jury, would convict me of such madness as to commit capital offenses for the sake of such proofs for the case, and to make disappear the very things that brought me honor?
§65τὸ δὲ πάντων δεινότατον οὐ δήπου γε φήσαιεν ἂν ἐμὲ κατασκευάσαι.
But they would certainly not say that I fabricated the most outrageous thing of all.
οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσʼ ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθύς, ὥσπερ φυγάδος ἤδη μου ὄντος καὶ ἀπολωλότος, τούτων τινὲς ἐπὶ τὸ οἰκίδιον ἐλθόντες τὸ ἐν ἀγρῷ νύκτωρ ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τὰ ἔνδοθεν· οὕτω σφόδρʼ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων κατεφρόνησαν.
For no sooner had my misfortune occurred than immediately, as if I were already an exile and ruined, some of these men came to my cottage in the country at night and attempted to plunder the things inside; so greatly did they despise you and the laws.
καὶ ταῦτα τοὺς εἰδότας, ἐὰν βούλησθε, καλοῦμεν.
And we shall call those who know these things, if you wish.
§66πολλὰ δʼ ἔχων καὶ ἄλλʼ ἐπιδεῖξαι, ἃ τούτοις ἐστὶν διαπεπραγμένα καὶ ἅ εἰσιν ἐψευσμένοι, ἡδέως μὲν ἂν ὑμῖν λέγοιμι, ἐπειδὴ δʼ ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος νομίζετʼ εἶναι, ἐάσω.
Though I could show many other things which have been done by these men and about which they have lied, I would gladly tell you, but since you think it is outside the case, I will let it go.
ἀναμνήσθητε δʼ ἐκείνων καὶ θεάσασθε, ὡς πολλὰ καὶ δίκαιʼ ἔχων πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἥκω.
But remember those things and observe how many and just grounds I have in coming before you.
ὥσπερ γὰρ τοὺς θεσμοθέτας ἀνακρίνετε, ἐγὼ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἐμαυτὸν ὑμῖν ἀνακρινῶ.
For just as you scrutinize the thesmothetae, in the same way I will scrutinize myself before you.
§67ὦ ἄνθρωπε, τίς ἦν σοι πατήρ; ἐμοί;
"Sir, who was your father?" "Mine?
Θούκριτος. οἰκεῖοί τινες εἶναι μαρτυροῦσιν αὐτῷ; πάνυ γε, πρῶτον μέν γε τέτταρες ἀνεψιοί, εἶτʼ ἀνεψιαδοῦς, εἶθʼ οἱ τὰς ἀνεψιὰς λαβόντες αὐτῷ, εἶτα φράτερες, εἶτʼ Ἀπόλλωνος πατρῴου καὶ Διὸς ἑρκείου γεννῆται, εἶθʼ οἷς ἠρία ταὐτά, εἶθʼ οἱ δημόται πολλάκις αὐτὸν δεδοκιμάσθαι καὶ ἀρχὰς ἄρξαι, καὶ αὐτοὶ διεψηφισμένοι φαίνονται. τὰ μὲν τοίνυν περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς πῶς ἂν ὑμῖν δικαιότερον ἢ καθαρώτερον ἐπιδείξαιμι;
Thoucritus." "Do any relatives testify for him?" "Certainly; first indeed four cousins, then a cousin's son, then those who married his cousins, then the members of his phratry, then those of the same clan of Apollo Patroös and Zeus Herkeios, then those who share the same tombs, then the demesmen testify that he was often scrutinized and held offices, and they themselves appear to have approved him by vote." How then could I show you the facts concerning my father in a more just or clear way?
καλῶ δʼ ὑμῖν τοὺς οἰκείους, εἰ βούλεσθε.
I will call the relatives for you, if you wish.
τὰ δὲ περὶ τῆς μητρὸς ἀκούσατε.
But hear the facts concerning my mother.
§68ἐμοὶ γάρ ἐστιν μήτηρ Νικαρέτη Δαμοστράτου θυγάτηρ Μελιτέως.
For my mother is Nicarete, daughter of Damostratus of Melite.
ταύτης τίνες οἰκεῖοι μαρτυροῦσιν;
Which of her relatives testify?
πρῶτον μὲν ἀδελφιδοῦς, εἶτα τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀδελφιδοῦ δύʼ υἱοί, εἶτʼ ἀνεψιαδοῦς, εἶθʼ οἱ Πρωτομάχου υἱεῖς τοῦ λαβόντος τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα πρότερον, εἶθʼ ὁ τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ Πρωτομάχου γήμας Εὔνικος Χολαργεύς, εἶθʼ υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς.
First a nephew, then two sons of another nephew, then a cousin's son, then the sons of Protomachus who previously married my mother, then Eunicus of Cholargus who married my sister born of Protomachus, then the son of that sister.
§69ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ φράτερες τῶν οἰκείων αὐτῆς καὶ δημόται ταῦτα μεμαρτυρήκασι.
And indeed her relatives' phratry members and demesmen have testified to these things.
τίνος οὖν ἂν προσδέοισθε;
What more then could you need?
καὶ γὰρ ὅτι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ὁ πατὴρ ἔγημεν καὶ γαμηλίαν τοῖς φράτερσιν εἰσήνεγκεν μεμαρτύρηται.
For it has been testified both that my father married her according to the laws and brought the marriage offering to his phratry members.
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καὶ ἐμαυτὸν ἐπέδειξα πάντων μετειληφόθʼ ὅσων προσήκει τοὺς ἐλευθέρους.
And in addition to these things, I have shown that I myself have shared in all things which belong to free men.
ὥστε πανταχῇ δικαίως καὶ προσηκόντως ἡμῖν ἂν προσθέμενοι τὴν ψῆφον εὐορκοίητε.
So that in every way, by casting your vote for us justly and properly, you would keep your oath.
§70ἔτι τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τοὺς ἐννέα ἄρχοντας ἀνακρίνετε, εἰ γονέας εὖ ποιοῦσιν.
Furthermore, gentlemen of the jury, you scrutinize the nine archons to see if they treat their parents well.
ἐγὼ δὲ τοῦ μὲν πατρὸς ὀρφανὸς κατελείφθην, τὴν δὲ μητέρʼ ἱκετεύω ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀντιβολῶ διὰ τοῦτον τὸν ἀγῶνʼ ἀπόδοτέ μοι θάψαι εἰς τὰ πατρῷα μνήματα καὶ μή με κωλύσητε, μηδʼ ἄπολιν ποιήσητε, μηδὲ τῶν οἰκείων ἀποστερήσητε τοσούτων ὄντων τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ ὅλως ἀπολέσητε.
As for me, I was left an orphan of my father, but as for my mother, I entreat and implore you, through this trial, restore her to me to bury in our ancestral tombs, and do not hinder me, nor make me cityless, nor deprive me of my relatives, who are so many in number, and utterly destroy me.
πρότερον γὰρ ἢ προλιπεῖν τούτους, εἰ μὴ δυνατὸν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν εἴη σωθῆναι, ἀποκτείναιμʼ ἂν ἐμαυτόν, ὥστʼ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι γʼ ὑπὸ τούτων ταφῆναι.
For rather than abandon them, if it should be impossible to be saved by them, I would kill myself, so that at least in my fatherland I might be buried by them.

Notes

  1. 64καταγνοίη μου τοσαύτην μανίαν — The verb καταγιγνώσκω ("charge," "ascribe a fault/madness to someone") takes a genitive of the person (μου) and an accusative of the fault or quality charged (τοσαύτην μανίαν).
  2. 65οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσʼ ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθύς — The construction of φθάνω with a participle (here συμβᾶσα) followed by καί or εὐθύς is an idiomatic expression meaning "no sooner had... than...". Literally, "my misfortune did not anticipate me before immediately...".
  3. 67καὶ αὐτοὶ διεψηφισμένοι φαίνονται — The verb φαίνομαι with a participle (here the perfect passive participle διεψηφισμένοι) indicates a clear, established fact ("they clearly voted"), whereas with an infinitive it would mean "they appear to (but may not actually) have voted."

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Against Eubulides §63-70. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg057.humanitext-grc2:63-70

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