§1τοῖς μὲν ἐμπόροις, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, καὶ τοῖς ναυκλήροις κελεύει ὁ νόμος εἶναι τὰς δίκας πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, ἐάν τι ἀδικῶνται ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ ἢ ἐνθένδε ποι πλέοντες ἢ ἑτέρωθεν δεῦρο, καὶ τοῖς ἀδικοῦσιν δεσμὸν ἔταξεν τοὐπιτίμιον, ἕως ἂν ἐκτείσωσιν ὅ τι ἂν αὐτῶν καταγνωσθῇ, ἵνα μηδεὶς ἀδικῇ μηδένα τῶν ἐμπόρων εἰκῇ.
Gentlemen of the jury, the law commands that for merchants and shipowners, lawsuits should be before the thesmothetae, if they suffer any injustice in the emporium, whether sailing from here to some place or from elsewhere to this place, and it has prescribed imprisonment as the penalty for those who do wrong, until they pay whatever is adjudged against them, so that no one may wrong any of the merchants at random.
§2τοῖς δὲ περὶ τῶν μὴ γενομένων συμβολαίων εἰς κρίσιν καθισταμένοις ἐπὶ τὴν παραγραφὴν καταφεύγειν ἔδωκεν ὁ νόμος, ἵνα μηδεὶς συκοφαντῆται, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῖς τοῖς τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἀδικουμένοις τῶν ἐμπόρων καὶ τῶν ναυκλήρων αἱ δίκαι ὦσιν.
But to those who are brought to trial concerning contracts that never existed, the law has granted the right to resort to a special plea, so that no one may be vexatiously prosecuted, but that the lawsuits may belong to those of the merchants and shipowners who are in truth being wronged.
καὶ πολλοὶ ἤδη τῶν φευγόντων ἐν ταῖς ἐμπορικαῖς παραγραψάμενοι κατὰ τὸν νόμον τουτονὶ καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐξήλεγξαν τοὺς δικαζομένους ἀδίκως ἐγκαλοῦντας καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ προφάσει τοῦ ἐμπορεύεσθαι συκοφαντοῦντας.
And already many of the defendants in commercial suits, having entered a special plea according to this very law and having come before you, have exposed the prosecutors as bringing unjust charges and acting as vexatious litigants under the pretext of trading.
§3ὁ μὲν οὖν μετὰ τούτου μοι ἐπιβεβουλευκὼς καὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τουτονὶ κατεσκευακὼς προϊόντος τοῦ λόγου καταφανὴς ὑμῖν ἔσται· ἐγκαλοῦντος δέ μοι Ἀπατουρίου τὰ ψευδῆ καὶ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους δικαζομένου, καὶ ὅσα μὲν ἐμοὶ καὶ τούτῳ ἐγένετο συμβόλαια, πάντων ἀπαλλαγῆς καὶ ἀφέσεως γενομένης, ἄλλου δὲ συμβολαίου οὐκ ὄντος ἐμοὶ πρὸς τοῦτον, οὔτε ναυτικοῦ οὔτʼ ἐγγείου, παρεγραψάμην τὴν δίκην μὴ εἰσαγώγιμον εἶναι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τουτουσί.
Now, the one who plotted with this man against me and manufactured this lawsuit will become manifest to you as the speech proceeds; but since Apatourius is bringing false charges against me and suing contrary to the laws, and since all the contracts that existed between me and him have been settled by a release and discharge, and there is no other contract between me and him, either maritime or land-based, I entered a special plea that the suit is not admissible according to these laws.
ΝΟΜΟΙ.
LAWS.
§4ὡς τοίνυν παρὰ τοὺς νόμους τούτους εἴληχέ μοι τὴν δίκην Ἀπατούριος καὶ τὰ ψευδῆ ἐγκέκληκεν, ἐκ πολλῶν ὑμῖν τοῦτʼ ἐπιδείξω.
That Apatourius, therefore, has brought this suit against me contrary to these laws and has made false charges, I will demonstrate to you from many facts.
ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, πολὺν ἤδη χρόνον ἐπὶ τῆς ἐργασίας ὢν τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν, μέχρι μέν τινος αὐτὸς ἐκινδύνευον, οὔπω δὲ ἔτη ἐστὶν ἑπτὰ ἀφʼ οὗ τὸ μὲν πλεῖν καταλέλυκα, μέτρια δʼ ἔχων τούτοις πειρῶμαι ναυτικοῖς ἐργάζεσθαι.
For I, gentlemen of the jury, having been in the business of sea-trade for a long time, for a certain period risked myself, but it is not yet seven years since I gave up sailing, and with moderate means, I attempt to employ them in maritime business.
§5διὰ δὲ τὸ ἀφῖχθαι πολλαχόσε καὶ διὰ τὸ εἶναί μοι τὰς διατριβὰς περὶ τὸ ἐμπόριον γνωρίμως ἔχω τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν πλεόντων τὴν θάλατταν· τούτοις δὲ τοῖς ἐκ Βυζαντίου καὶ πάνυ οἰκείως χρῶμαι διὰ τὸ ἐνδιατρῖψαι αὐτόθι.
Because of having arrived in many places and because my daily occupations have been around the emporium, I am acquainted with most of those who sail the sea; and with those from Byzantium I associate on very friendly terms, because of having spent time there.
ἔχοντος δέ μου οὕτως ὡς λέγω, κατέπλευσαν δεῦρο τρίτον ἔτος οὗτός τε καὶ πολίτης αὐτοῦ Παρμένων, Βυζάντιος μὲν τὸ γένος, φυγὰς δʼ ἐκεῖθεν.
While my situation was as I say, there sailed down to this place two years ago both this man and his fellow citizen Parmenon, a Byzantine by birth, but an exile from there.
§6προσιόντες δέ μοι ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ οὗτος καὶ ὁ Παρμένων ἐμνήσθησαν περὶ ἀργυρίου.
Coming up to me in the emporium, this man and Parmenon made mention of money.
ἔτυχεν δὲ οὑτοσὶ ὀφείλων ἐπὶ τῇ νηὶ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ τετταράκοντα μνᾶς, καὶ οἱ χρῆσται κατήπειγον αὐτὸν ἀπαιτοῦντες καὶ ἐνεβάτευον εἰς τὴν ναῦν, εἰληφότες τῇ ὑπερημερίᾳ.
Now this man happened to owe forty minae on his ship, and the creditors were pressing him for payment and were taking possession of the ship, having seized it because of the default.
ἀπορουμένῳ δʼ αὐτῷ μνᾶς μὲν δέκα ὁ Παρμένων ὡμολόγησεν δώσειν, τριάκοντα δὲ μνᾶς ἐδεῖτό μου οὗτος συνευπορῆσαι, αἰτιώμενος τοὺς χρήστας ἐπιθυμοῦντας τῆς νεὼς διαβεβληκέναι αὑτὸν ἐν τῷ ἐμπορίῳ, ἵνα κατάσχωσι τὴν ναῦν εἰς ἀπορίαν καταστήσαντες τοῦ ἀποδοῦναι τὰ χρήματα.
In his difficulty, Parmenon agreed to give him ten minae, and this man begged me to help him secure thirty minae, accusing the creditors of desiring the ship and having slandered him in the emporium, so that they might seize the ship by bringing him to a state of inability to pay the money.
§7ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἔτυχεν παρὸν ἀργύριον, χρώμενος δὲ Ἡρακλείδῃ τῷ τραπεζίτῃ ἔπεισα αὐτὸν δανεῖσαι τὰ χρήματα λαβόντα ἐμὲ ἐγγυητήν.
Now I did not happen to have cash present, but being a customer of Heracleides the banker, I persuaded him to lend the money, taking me as surety.
ἤδη δὲ τῶν τριάκοντα μνῶν πεπορισμένων, ἔτυχεν προσκεκρουκώς τι τούτῳ ὁ Παρμένων· ὡμολογηκὼς δʼ εὐπορήσειν αὐτῷ δέκα μνᾶς, καὶ τούτων δεδωκὼς τὰς τρεῖς, διὰ τὸ προειμένον ἀργύριον ἠναγκάζετο καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν διδόναι.
When the thirty minae had already been provided, Parmenon happened to have had some clash with this man; but having agreed to provide him with ten minae, and having already given three of these, because of the money already advanced, he was forced to give the rest as well.
§8αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐβούλετο ποιήσασθαι τὸ συμβόλαιον, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐκέλευεν πρᾶξαι ὅπως αὐτῷ ὡς ἀσφαλέστατα ἕξει.
Parmenon himself, therefore, for this reason did not wish to make the contract, but asked me to manage it so that it would be as secure as possible for him.
λαβὼν δὲ τὰς ἑπτὰ μνᾶς παρὰ τοῦ Παρμένοντος, καὶ τὰς τρεῖς ἃς προειλήφει οὗτος παρʼ ἐκείνου, ἀνθομολογησάμενος πρὸς τοῦτον, ὠνὴν ποιοῦμαι τῆς νεὼς καὶ τῶν παίδων, ἕως ἀποδοίη τάς τε δέκα μνᾶς ἃς διʼ ἐμοῦ ἔλαβεν, καὶ τὰς τριάκοντα ὧν κατέστησεν ἐμὲ ἐγγυητὴν τῷ τραπεζίτῃ.
Having received the seven minae from Parmenon, and also the three which this man had previously received from him, after reaching an agreement with this man, I made a purchase of the ship and the slaves, until he should pay back both the ten minae which he received through me and the thirty for which he made me surety to the banker.
καὶ ὡς ἀληθῆ λέγω, ἀκούσατε τῶν μαρτυριῶν.
And to show that I speak the truth, hear the testimonies.
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
TESTIMONIES.