§51ὅταν νὴ Δίʼ ἀναγκαῖον ᾖ.
By Zeus, when it is necessary.
ἀλλʼ ἣν μὲν ἄν τις ἐλευθέρων ἀνθρώπων ἀνάγκην εἴποι, οὐ μόνον ἤδη πάρεστιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι παρελήλυθε, τὴν δὲ τῶν δούλων ἀπεύχεσθαι δήπου μὴ γενέσθαι δεῖ.
But the necessity which one might speak of for free men is not only already present, but has long since passed, while that of slaves we must surely pray may never happen.
διαφέρει δὲ τί;
And how does it differ?
ὅτι ἐστὶν ἐλευθέρῳ μὲν ἀνθρώπῳ μεγίστη ἀνάγκη ἡ ὑπὲρ τῶν γιγνομένων αἰσχύνη, καὶ μείζω ταύτης οὐκ οἶδʼ ἥντινʼ ἂν εἴποιμεν· δούλῳ δὲ πληγαὶ καὶ ὁ τοῦ σώματος αἰκισμός, ἃ μήτε γένοιτο οὔτε λέγειν ἄξιον.
Because for a free man the greatest necessity is the shame for what is happening, and I do not know what greater necessity than this we could name; but for a slave, it is blows and bodily mutilation, which may they never happen, and are not even fit to speak of.
§52πάντα τοίνυν τἄλλʼ εἰπὼν ἂν ἡδέως, καὶ δείξας ὃν τρόπον ὑμᾶς ἔνιοι καταπολιτεύονται, τὰ μὲν ἄλλʼ ἐάσω·
Now, although I would gladly speak of all other things and show in what manner some of them govern you to your ruin, I will let the other things pass.
ἀλλʼ ἐπειδάν τι τῶν πρὸς Φίλιππον ἐμπέσῃ, εὐθὺς ἀναστάς τις λέγει τὸ τὴν εἰρήνην ἄγειν ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ τρέφειν δύναμιν μεγάλην ὡς χαλεπόν, καὶ
διαρπάζειν τινὲς τὰ χρήματα βούλονται,
καὶ τοιούτους λόγους, ἐξ ὧν ἀναβάλλουσι μὲν ὑμᾶς, ἡσυχίαν δὲ ποιοῦσιν ἐκείνῳ πράττειν ὅ τι βούλεται.
But whenever any matter concerning Philip comes up, immediately someone stands up and says how good a thing it is to keep peace, and how difficult it is to maintain a large force, and some want to say 'some people wish to plunder the funds,' and they use such arguments, by which they delay you, and produce quietness for him to do whatever he wants.
§53ἐκ δὲ τούτων περιγίγνεται, ὑμῖν μὲν ἡ σχολὴ καὶ τὸ μηδὲν ἤδη ποιεῖν, ἃ δέδοιχʼ ὅπως μήποθʼ ἡγήσεσθʼ ἐπὶ πολλῷ γεγενῆσθαι, τούτοις δʼ αἱ χάριτες καὶ ὁ μισθὸς ὁ τούτων.
And from these things, the result is leisure and doing nothing for the moment for you—which I fear you may someday find to have been purchased at a high price—while for them, it is favors and their reward for these.
ἐγὼ δʼ οἴομαι τὴν μὲν εἰρήνην ἄγειν οὐχ ὑμᾶς δεῖν πείθειν, οἳ πεπεισμένοι κάθησθε, ἀλλὰ τὸν τὰ τοῦ πολέμου πράττοντα· ἂν γὰρ ἐκεῖνος πεισθῇ, τά γʼ ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ὑπάρχει·
But I think you do not need to persuade you to keep peace, who sit already persuaded, but rather him who is doing the acts of war; for if he is persuaded, the part on your side is already there.
§54νομίζειν δʼ εἶναι χαλεπὰ οὐχ ὅσʼ ἂν εἰς σωτηρίαν δαπανῶμεν, ἀλλʼ ἃ πεισόμεθα, ἂν ταῦτα μὴ ʼθέλωμεν ποιεῖν· καὶ τὸ
διαρπασθήσεται τὰ χρήματα
τῷ φυλακὴν εἰπεῖν διʼ ἧς σωθήσεται κωλύειν, οὐχὶ τῷ τοῦ συμφέροντος ἀφεστάναι.
And we should consider difficult not what we expend for our salvation, but what we shall suffer if we are unwilling to do these things; and as for 'the money will be plundered,' we should prevent it by proposing a guard through which it will be saved, not by shrinking from what is advantageous.
§55καίτοι ἔγωγʼ ἀγανακτῶ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ τὰ μὲν χρήματα λυπεῖ τινὰς ὑμῶν εἰ διαρπασθήσεται, ἃ καὶ φυλάττειν καὶ κολάζειν τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ἐφʼ ὑμῖν ἐστι, τὴν δʼ Ἑλλάδα πᾶσαν οὑτωσὶ Φίλιππος ἐφεξῆς ἁρπάζων οὐ λυπεῖ, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἁρπάζων.
And yet I am indignant at this very thing, men of Athens, that while some of you are pained if the money is to be plundered, which is in your power both to guard and to punish the wrongdoers, Philip, by plundering the whole of Greece thus one after another, does not pain you, and that too when he is plundering it against you.
§56τί ποτʼ οὖν ἐστι τὸ αἴτιον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὸ τὸν μὲν οὕτω φανερῶς στρατεύοντα, ἀδικοῦντα, πόλεις καταλαμβάνοντα, μηδένα τούτων πώποτʼ εἰπεῖν ὡς πόλεμον ποιεῖ, τοὺς δὲ μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν μηδὲ προΐεσθαι ταῦτα συμβουλεύοντας, τούτους τὸν πόλεμον ποιήσειν αἰτιᾶσθαι;
What on earth, then, is the reason, men of Athens, that while no one of these men ever says that he is making war, who is so openly campaigning, doing wrong, and seizing cities, they accuse those who advise you not to permit or abandon these things, of being the ones who will make the war?
§57ἐγὼ διδάξω· ὅτι τὴν ὀργὴν ἣν εἰκός ἐστι γενέσθαι παρʼ ὑμῶν, ἄν τι λυπῆσθε τῷ πολέμῳ, εἰς τοὺς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν λέγοντας τὰ βέλτιστα τρέψαι βούλονται, ἵνα τούτους κρίνητε, μὴ Φίλιππον ἀμύνησθε, καὶ κατηγορῶσιν αὐτοί, μὴ δίκην δῶσιν ὧν ποιοῦσι νῦν.
I will tell you: because they wish to turn the anger which is likely to arise from you, if you are pained at all by the war, against those who speak what is best on your behalf, so that you may put them on trial instead of defending against Philip, and that they themselves may be the accusers instead of paying the penalty for what they are doing now.
τοῦτʼ αὐτοῖς δύναται τὸ λέγειν ὡς ἄρα βούλονται πόλεμόν τινες ποιῆσαι παρʼ ὑμῖν, καὶ περὶ τούτου ἡ διαδικασία αὕτη ἐστίν.
This is what their saying that some among you wish to make war really means, and this is what this dispute is about.
§58ἐγὼ δʼ οἶδʼ ἀκριβῶς ὅτι οὐ γράψαντος Ἀθηναίων οὐδενός πω πόλεμον, καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ Φίλιππος ἔχει τῶν τῆς πόλεως καὶ νῦν εἰς Καρδίαν πέπομφε βοήθειαν.
But I know accurately that although no Athenian has yet proposed a war, Philip holds many other possessions of our city, and has just now sent assistance to Cardia.
εἰ μέντοι βουλόμεθʼ ἡμεῖς μὴ προσποιεῖσθαι πολεμεῖν αὐτὸν ἡμῖν, ἀνοητότατος πάντων ἂν εἴη τῶν ὄντων ἀνθρώπων, εἰ τοῦτʼ ἐξελέγχοι.
If, however, we wish not to acknowledge that he is making war on us, he would be the most foolish of all living men if he were to prove this.
§59ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὰν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς ἴῃ, τί φήσομεν;
But when he comes against ourselves, what shall we say?
ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ οὐ πολεμεῖν, ὥσπερ οὐδʼ Ὠρείταις, τῶν στρατιωτῶν ὄντων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ, οὐδὲ Φεραίοις πρότερον, πρὸς τὰ τείχη προσβάλλων αὐτῶν, οὐδʼ Ὀλυνθίοις ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἕως ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ χώρᾳ τὸ στράτευμα παρῆν ἔχων.
For he will say that he is not making war, just as he said to the Oreitans when his soldiers were in their territory, and to the Pheraeans before, when he was attacking their walls, and to the Olynthians from the beginning, until his army was present in their very land.
ἢ καὶ τότε τοὺς ἀμύνεσθαι κελεύοντας πόλεμον ποιεῖν φήσομεν;
Or shall we say even then that those who bid us defend ourselves are making war?
οὐκοῦν ὑπόλοιπον δουλεύειν· οὐ γὰρ ἄλλο γʼ οὐδέν ἐστι μεταξὺ τοῦ μήτʼ ἀμύνεσθαι μήτʼ ἄγειν ἡσυχίαν ἐᾶσθαι.
Then the only thing left is to be slaves; for there is no other alternative between not defending ourselves and not being allowed to keep quiet.
§60καὶ μὴν οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἴσων ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔσθʼ ὁ κίνδυνος· οὐ γὰρ ὑφʼ αὑτῷ τὴν πόλιν ποιήσασθαι βούλεται Φίλιππος, ἀλλʼ ὅλως ἀνελεῖν.
And indeed the danger is not for equal stakes for you and for the others; for Philip does not wish to bring the city under his power, but to utterly destroy it.
οἶδεν γὰρ ἀκριβῶς ὅτι δουλεύειν μὲν ὑμεῖς οὔτʼ ἐθελήσετε, οὔτʼ, ἂν ἐθελήσητε, ἐπιστήσεσθε (ἄρχειν γὰρ εἰώθατε), πράγματα δʼ αὐτῷ παρασχεῖν, ἂν καιρὸν λάβητε, πλείω τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων δυνήσεσθε.
For he knows accurately that you will not be willing to be slaves, nor, even if you should be willing, will you know how (for you are accustomed to rule), and that you will be able to cause him more trouble, if you find an opportunity, than all other people put together.