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Homer · Odyssey §13.368-13.440

Plotting Against Suitors and Disguise as a Beggar

Passage 94 of 173 · Greek

Summary

After hiding the treasures, Odysseus and Athena plot the destruction of the suitors. Athena disguises Odysseus as an old beggar, instructs him to first visit the swineherd, and departs for Sparta to recall Telemachus.

§13.368ἆσσον πάντʼ ἐφόρει, χρυσὸν καὶ ἀτειρέα χαλκὸν §13.369εἵματά τʼ εὐποίητα, τά οἱ Φαίηκες ἔδωκαν.
He carried everything closer, the gold and the weariless bronze, and the well-made garments, which the Phaeacians had given him.
§13.370καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκε, λίθον δʼ ἐπέθηκε θύρῃσι §13.371Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.
And he placed them well, and Pallas Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus, placed a stone at the entrance.
§13.372τὼ δὲ καθεζομένω ἱερῆς παρὰ πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης §13.373φραζέσθην μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὄλεθρον.
And the two sat down by the trunk of the sacred olive tree, and planned destruction for the overbearing suitors.
§13.374τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· §13.375διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, §13.376φράζευ ὅπως μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσεις, §13.377οἳ δή τοι τρίετες μέγαρον κάτα κοιρανέουσι, §13.378μνώμενοι ἀντιθέην ἄλοχον καὶ ἕδνα διδόντες· §13.379ἡ δὲ σὸν αἰεὶ νόστον ὀδυρομένη κατὰ θυμὸν §13.380πάντας μέν ῥʼ ἔλπει καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ, §13.381ἀγγελίας προϊεῖσα, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ. §13.382τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· §13.383ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο §13.384φθίσεσθαι κακὸν οἶτον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔμελλον, §13.385εἰ μή μοι σὺ ἕκαστα, θεά, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.
And to them the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, began speaking: “Son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, consider how you will lay hands on the shameless suitors, who indeed for three years now have been lording it in your hall, wooing your godlike wife and offering bridal gifts; but she, always mourning in her heart for your return, gives hope to all and makes promises to each man, sending messages, but her mind intends other things.” Then the wise Odysseus answered her and said: “Ah, truly I was like to have perished by the evil fate of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, in my halls, had you not, goddess, told me each thing rightly.
§13.386ἀλλʼ ἄγε μῆτιν ὕφηνον, ὅπως ἀποτίσομαι αὐτούς· §13.387πὰρ δέ μοι αὐτὴ στῆθι, μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνεῖσα, §13.388οἷον ὅτε Τροίης λύομεν λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα.
But come, weave a plan, how I may take vengeance on them; and stand yourself beside me, infusing great courage, even as when we loosened the bright diadem of Troy.
§13.389αἴ κέ μοι ὣς μεμαυῖα παρασταίης, γλαυκῶπι, §13.390καί κε τριηκοσίοισιν ἐγὼν ἄνδρεσσι μαχοίμην §13.391σὺν σοί, πότνα θεά, ὅτε μοι πρόφρασσʼ ἐπαρήγοις. §13.392τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· §13.393καὶ λίην τοι ἐγώ γε παρέσσομαι, οὐδέ με λήσεις, §13.394ὁππότε κεν δὴ ταῦτα πενώμεθα· καί τινʼ ὀΐω §13.395αἵματί τʼ ἐγκεφάλῳ τε παλαξέμεν ἄσπετον οὖδας §13.396ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν.
If you would stand by me thus eagerly, flashing-eyed one, I would even fight against three hundred men, with you, lady goddess, when you would graciously aid me.” Then the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, answered him: “Indeed I will be with you, and you shall not escape my notice, when indeed we busy ourselves with these tasks; and I think that some of the suitors who devour your livelihood will splash the boundless floor with blood and brains.
§13.397ἀλλʼ ἄγε σʼ ἄγνωστον τεύξω πάντεσσι βροτοῖσι· §13.398κάρψω μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι, §13.399ξανθὰς δʼ ἐκ κεφαλῆς ὀλέσω τρίχας, ἀμφὶ δὲ λαῖφος §13.400ἕσσω ὅ κε στυγέῃσιν ἰδὼν ἄνθρωπον ἔχοντα, §13.401κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε, §13.402ὡς ἂν ἀεικέλιος πᾶσι μνηστῆρσι φανήῃς §13.403σῇ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ παιδί, τὸν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἔλειπες.
But come, I will make you unrecognized to all mortals; I will wither your fair skin on your supple limbs, and destroy the yellow hair from your head, and clothe you in a rag which anyone seeing a man wear would loathe, and I will dim your two eyes that were before so beautiful, so that you may appear unsightly to all the suitors and to your wife and the child whom you left in your halls.
§13.404αὐτὸς δὲ πρώτιστα συβώτην εἰσαφικέσθαι, §13.405ὅς τοι ὑῶν ἐπίουρος, ὁμῶς δέ τοι ἤπια οἶδε, §13.406παῖδά τε σὸν φιλέει καὶ ἐχέφρονα Πηνελόπειαν.
But do you yourself go first of all to the swineherd, who is the keeper of your swine, and yet is well-disposed to you, and loves your son and wise Penelope.
§13.407δήεις τόν γε σύεσσι παρήμενον· αἱ δὲ νέμονται §13.408πὰρ Κόρακος πέτρῃ ἐπί τε κρήνῃ Ἀρεθούσῃ, §13.409ἔσθουσαι βάλανον μενοεικέα καὶ μέλαν ὕδωρ §13.410πίνουσαι, τά θʼ ὕεσσι τρέφει τεθαλυῖαν ἀλοιφήν.
You will find him sitting by the swine; and they are feeding near the rock of Korax and by the spring Arethusa, eating abundant acorns and drinking dark water, which foster rich fat in swine.
§13.411ἔνθα μένειν καὶ πάντα παρήμενος ἐξερέεσθαι, §13.412ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἔλθω Σπάρτην ἐς καλλιγύναικα §13.413Τηλέμαχον καλέουσα, τεὸν φίλον υἱόν, Ὀδυσσεῦ· §13.414ὅς τοι ἐς εὐρύχορον Λακεδαίμονα πὰρ Μενέλαον §13.415ᾤχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος, εἴ που ἔτʼ εἴης. §13.416τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· §13.417τίπτε τʼ ἄρʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπες, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πάντα ἰδυῖα;
Remain there, and sitting beside him, inquire of everything, while I go to Sparta, land of beautiful women, to summon Telemachus, your dear son, Odysseus; who went to spacious Lacedaemon to Menelaus, to inquire after news of you, if you were still anywhere alive.” Then the wise Odysseus answered her and said: “Why then did you not tell him, since you know all things in your heart?
§13.418ἦ ἵνα που καὶ κεῖνος ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχῃ §13.419πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον· βίοτον δέ οἱ ἄλλοι ἔδουσι; §13.420τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· §13.421μὴ δή τοι κεῖνός γε λίην ἐνθύμιος ἔστω.
Was it indeed so that he too might wander and suffer pains on the barren sea, while others devour his livelihood?” Then the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, answered him: “Let him not indeed be too much of a care in your heart.
§13.422αὐτή μιν πόμπευον, ἵνα κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄροιτο §13.423κεῖσʼ ἐλθών· ἀτὰρ οὔ τινʼ ἔχει πόνον, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος §13.424ἧσται ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο δόμοις, παρὰ δʼ ἄσπετα κεῖται.
I myself escorted him, so that he might win good fame by going there; and he has no trouble, but in peace sits in the palace of Atreus' son, and abundance lies beside him.
§13.425ἦ μέν μιν λοχόωσι νέοι σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ, §13.426ἱέμενοι κτεῖναι, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι· §13.427ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐκ ὀΐω, πρὶν καί τινα γαῖα καθέξει §13.428ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν. §13.429ὣς ἄρα μιν φαμένη ῥάβδῳ ἐπεμάσσατʼ Ἀθήνη.
Truly young men lie in wait for him with a black ship, eager to kill him before he reaches his native land; but I do not think this will be, before the earth shall cover some of the suitors who devour your livelihood.” So saying, Athena touched him with her wand.
§13.430κάρψεν μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι, §13.431ξανθὰς δʼ ἐκ κεφαλῆς ὄλεσε τρίχας, ἀμφὶ δὲ δέρμα §13.432πάντεσσιν μελέεσσι παλαιοῦ θῆκε γέροντος, §13.433κνύζωσεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε· §13.434ἀμφὶ δέ μιν ῥάκος ἄλλο κακὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, §13.435ῥωγαλέα ῥυπόωντα, κακῷ μεμορυγμένα καπνῷ· §13.436ἀμφὶ δέ μιν μέγα δέρμα ταχείης ἕσσʼ ἐλάφοιο, §13.437ψιλόν· δῶκε δέ οἱ σκῆπτρον καὶ ἀεικέα πήρην, §13.438πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην· ἐν δὲ στρόφος ἦεν ἀορτήρ.
She withered his fair skin on his supple limbs, and destroyed the yellow hair from his head, and placed the skin of an aged old man over all his limbs, and she dimmed his two eyes that were before so beautiful; and she threw about him another evil rag and a tunic, tattered and filthy, begrimed with foul smoke; and about him she cast a large skin of a swift hind, hairless; and she gave him a staff and an unsightly pouch, full of holes; and within it was a twisted cord as a strap.
§13.439τώ γʼ ὣς βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν.
The two, having thus taken counsel, parted.
ἡ μὲν ἔπειτα §13.440ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν ἔβη μετὰ παῖδʼ Ὀδυσῆος.
She then went to divine Lacedaemon after the son of Odysseus.

Notes

  1. 13.372καθεζομένω — Nominative dual masculine present participle. Together with the main verb φραζέσθην (third-person dual imperfect), it refers to Athena and Odysseus. This is a classic example of the dual number in Homer.
  2. 13.383ἔμελλον — Imperfect indicative. Used with the future infinitive φθίσεσθαι to express a past intention, destiny, or contrary-to-fact likelihood ('I was destined to perish'). It forms the apodosis corresponding to the protasis of the conditional clause εἰ μή ... ἔειπες.
  3. 13.404εἰσαφικέσθαι — Aorist infinitive. Used as an imperative for the second person (imperative infinitive). The subject is αὐτός in the nominative case (13.404); the nominative is used instead of the accusative because it agrees with the addressed person. A similar usage occurs in 13.411 with μένειν and ἐξερέεσθαι.
  4. 13.427πρίν — The conjunction πρίν introduces the future indicative (καθέξει), meaning 'before...'. Following a main clause with negative import (οὐκ ὀΐω), it functions to strongly predict an event that will inevitably happen first.

Cite this passage

Homer, Odyssey §13.368-13.440. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:13.368-13.440

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