Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §9.500-9.571

The Litai and the Myth of Meleager

Passage 80 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Phoenix urges Achilles to appease his anger by explaining that even gods and heroes are turned by prayers and gifts, and begins to narrate the myth of the Calydonian Boar hunt and Meleager.

§9.500λοιβῇ τε κνίσῃ τε παρατρωπῶσʼ ἄνθρωποι §9.501λισσόμενοι, ὅτε κέν τις ὑπερβήῃ καὶ ἁμάρτῃ.
with libations and the savour of burnt offering men turn them aside, praying to them, whenever anyone has transgressed and sinned.
§9.502καὶ γάρ τε λιταί εἰσι Διὸς κοῦραι μεγάλοιο §9.503χωλαί τε ῥυσαί τε παραβλῶπές τʼ ὀφθαλμώ, §9.504αἵ ῥά τε καὶ μετόπισθʼ ἄτης ἀλέγουσι κιοῦσαι.
For Prayers also are the daughters of great Zeus, lame and wrinkled and squinting of eye, who trouble themselves to walk behind Ruin.
§9.505ἣ δʼ ἄτη σθεναρή τε καὶ ἀρτίπος, οὕνεκα πάσας §9.506πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν §9.507βλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· αἳ δʼ ἐξακέονται ὀπίσσω.
But Ruin is strong and fleet of foot, wherefore she far outruns all of them, and goes before them over all the earth, bringing harm to men; and they heal the hurt after.
§9.508ὃς μέν τʼ αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, §9.509τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὤνησαν καί τʼ ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο· §9.510ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνήνηται καί τε στερεῶς ἀποείπῃ, §9.511λίσσονται δʼ ἄρα ταί γε Δία Κρονίωνα κιοῦσαι §9.512τῷ ἄτην ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι, ἵνα βλαφθεὶς ἀποτίσῃ.
Whoso reveres the daughters of Zeus as they draw near, him they greatly profit, and they hear him when he prays; but whoso denies them and stiffly refuses, then they go and pray to Zeus, son of Cronos, that Ruin may follow after him, so that he may be harmed and pay the penalty.
§9.513ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεῦ πόρε καὶ σὺ Διὸς κούρῃσιν ἕπεσθαι §9.514τιμήν, ἥ τʼ ἄλλων περ ἐπιγνάμπτει νόον ἐσθλῶν.
But, Achilles, do you also grant that respect accompany the daughters of Zeus, which bends the minds of other good men.
§9.515εἰ μὲν γὰρ μὴ δῶρα φέροι τὰ δʼ ὄπισθʼ ὀνομάζοι §9.516Ἀτρεΐδης, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἐπιζαφελῶς χαλεπαίνοι, §9.517οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ σε μῆνιν ἀπορρίψαντα κελοίμην §9.518Ἀργείοισιν ἀμυνέμεναι χατέουσί περ ἔμπης· §9.519νῦν δʼ ἅμα τʼ αὐτίκα πολλὰ διδοῖ τὰ δʼ ὄπισθεν ὑπέστη, §9.520ἄνδρας δὲ λίσσεσθαι ἐπιπροέηκεν ἀρίστους §9.521κρινάμενος κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκόν, οἵ τε σοὶ αὐτῷ §9.522φίλτατοι Ἀργείων· τῶν μὴ σύ γε μῦθον ἐλέγξῃς §9.523μηδὲ πόδας· πρὶν δʼ οὔ τι νεμεσσητὸν κεχολῶσθαι.
For if the son of Atreus were not bringing gifts, and did not name others hereafter, but were always furiously angry, I indeed would not bid you cast away your anger and defend the Argives, though they need you ever so much; but now he at once gives many things, and has promised others hereafter, and has sent foremost men to entreat you, chosen from the host of the Achaeans, who to yourself are dearest of the Argives; do not bring their words to naught nor yet their journey hither; though before this none could blame you for being angry.
§9.524οὕτω καὶ τῶν πρόσθεν ἐπευθόμεθα κλέα ἀνδρῶν §9.525ἡρώων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐπιζάφελος χόλος ἵκοι· §9.526δωρητοί τε πέλοντο παράρρητοί τʼ ἐπέεσσι.
Thus also did we hear of the fame of men of old, heroes of old, when furious anger came upon any; they were won by gifts, and could be turned by words.
§9.527μέμνημαι τόδε ἔργον ἐγὼ πάλαι οὔ τι νέον γε §9.528ὡς ἦν· ἐν δʼ ὑμῖν ἐρέω πάντεσσι φίλοισι.
I remember this deed of old, and not of yesterday, how it was; and I will tell it among you, who are all my friends.
§9.529Κουρῆτές τʼ ἐμάχοντο καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ μενεχάρμαι §9.530ἀμφὶ πόλιν Καλυδῶνα καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον, §9.531Αἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς, §9.532Κουρῆτες δὲ διαπραθέειν μεμαῶτες Ἄρηϊ.
The Curetes and the warlike Aetolians fought around the city of Calydon and slew one another, the Aetolians defending lovely Calydon, and the Curetes eager to lay it waste in war.
§9.533καὶ γὰρ τοῖσι κακὸν χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ὦρσε §9.534χωσαμένη ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια γουνῷ ἀλωῆς §9.535Οἰνεὺς ῥέξʼ· ἄλλοι δὲ θεοὶ δαίνυνθʼ ἑκατόμβας, §9.536οἴῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔρρεξε Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.
For upon them had golden-throned Artemis sent an evil, wroth because Oeneus did not offer her the first-fruits of the orchard-land on the hill; while the other gods feasted on hecatombs, to her alone, the daughter of great Zeus, he made no offering.
§9.537ἢ λάθετʼ ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν· ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ.
Either he forgot, or did not think of it; and he sinned greatly in his heart.
§9.538ἣ δὲ χολωσαμένη δῖον γένος ἰοχέαιρα §9.539ὦρσεν ἔπι χλούνην σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα, §9.540ὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἕρδεσκεν ἔθων Οἰνῆος ἀλωήν·
And she, the archer-goddess, wroth in her heart, sent against him a wild boar with flashing tusks, a forest beast, that wrought much evil, wasting Oeneus' orchard-land.
§9.541πολλὰ δʼ ὅ γε προθέλυμνα χαμαὶ βάλε δένδρεα μακρὰ §9.542αὐτῇσιν ῥίζῃσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄνθεσι μήλων.
Many a tall tree did he lay low on the ground, root and branch, with the very roots and the fair blossoms of the apple-trees.
§9.543τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Οἰνῆος ἀπέκτεινεν Μελέαγρος §9.544πολλέων ἐκ πολίων θηρήτορας ἄνδρας ἀγείρας §9.545καὶ κύνας· οὐ μὲν γάρ κε δάμη παύροισι βροτοῖσι· §9.546τόσσος ἔην, πολλοὺς δὲ πυρῆς ἐπέβησʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.
But him did Meleager, son of Oeneus, slay, gathering hunters and hounds from many cities; for by few men could he have been tamed, so huge was he, and many a man did he bring to the grievous pyre.
§9.547ἣ δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ θῆκε πολὺν κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτὴν §9.548ἀμφὶ συὸς κεφαλῇ καὶ δέρματι λαχνήεντι, §9.549Κουρήτων τε μεσηγὺ καὶ Αἰτωλῶν μεγαθύμων.
And the goddess wrought much clamor and shouting about him, about the head of the boar and his shaggy hide, between the Curetes and the great-hearted Aetolians.
§9.550ὄφρα μὲν οὖν Μελέαγρος ἄρηι φίλος πολέμιζε, §9.551τόφρα δὲ Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν, οὐδὲ δύναντο §9.552τείχεος ἔκτοσθεν μίμνειν πολέες περ ἐόντες· §9.553ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Μελέαγρον ἔδυ χόλος, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλων §9.554οἰδάνει ἐν στήθεσσι νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων, §9.555ἤτοι ὃ μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ §9.556κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ καλῇ Κλεοπάτρῃ §9.557κούρῃ Μαρπήσσης καλλισφύρου Εὐηνίνης §9.558Ἴδεώ θʼ, ὃς κάρτιστος ἐπιχθονίων γένετʼ ἀνδρῶν §9.559τῶν τότε· καί ῥα ἄνακτος ἐναντίον εἵλετο τόξον §9.560Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος καλλισφύρου εἵνεκα νύμφης,
Now as long as Meleager, beloved of Ares, fought, so long was it ill with the Curetes, nor could they abide outside the wall, though they were many; but when anger entered into Meleager, which also swells the hearts of others, even though they be wise of mind, then he, wroth in his heart against his dear mother Althaea, lay by his wedded wife, the fair Cleopatra, daughter of Marpessa of the fair ankles, daughter of Evenus, and of Idas, who was the strongest of men that were then upon the earth; and he even drew his bow against the king, against Phoebus Apollo for the sake of the fair-ankled bride.
§9.561τὴν δὲ τότʼ ἐν μεγάροισι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ §9.562Ἀλκυόνην καλέεσκον ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῆς §9.563μήτηρ ἀλκυόνος πολυπενθέος οἶτον ἔχουσα §9.564κλαῖεν ὅ μιν ἑκάεργος ἀνήρπασε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·
And her then in their halls did her father and lady mother call by the name of Alcyone, because for her sake her mother had the fate of the sad halcyon and wept because far-darting Phoebus Apollo had snatched her away.
§9.565τῇ ὅ γε παρκατέλεκτο χόλον θυμαλγέα πέσσων §9.566ἐξ ἀρέων μητρὸς κεχολωμένος, ἥ ῥα θεοῖσι §9.567πόλλʼ ἀχέουσʼ ἠρᾶτο κασιγνήτοιο φόνοιο, §9.568πολλὰ δὲ καὶ γαῖαν πολυφόρβην χερσὶν ἀλοία §9.569κικλήσκουσʼ Ἀΐδην καὶ ἐπαινὴν Περσεφόνειαν §9.570πρόχνυ καθεζομένη, δεύοντο δὲ δάκρυσι κόλποι, §9.571παιδὶ δόμεν θάνατον· τῆς δʼ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινὺς
By her side Meleager lay, nursing his heart-grieving anger, wroth because of the curses of his mother, who to the gods prayed, grieving sorely for the slaying of her brother; and many a time did she beat the multi-nurturing earth with her hands, calling upon Hades and dread Persephone, falling upon her knees, and her bosom was wet with tears, that they should give death to her son; and the Erinys that walk in darkness heard her,

Notes

  1. 9.504ἀλέγουσι κιοῦσαι — The participle `κιοῦσαι` (going, walking) is connected with the main verb `ἀλέγουσι` (care for, pay heed to), meaning "they go caring/anxiously after [Ate]." Although `ἀλέγω` means "to care," here it describes the submissive and healing attitude of the personified "Prayers" (Litai) who seek to repair the damage and suffering caused to men by Ate (Ruin).
  2. 9.513Διὸς κούρῃσιν ἕπεσθαι / τιμήν — The infinitive `ἕπεσθαι` (to accompany, to follow) either modifies the noun `τιμήν` (respect, honor) or serves as a complementary infinitive with the imperative `πόρε` (grant). Here, it is most naturally understood as "the honor that should accompany the daughters of Zeus." The relative pronoun `ἥ` in line 514 has `τιμήν` as its antecedent, indicating that this honor/respect is what "bends the minds of other good men."
  3. 9.565χόλον θυμαλγέα πέσσων — This is an idiomatic expression meaning "nursing (or suppressing) heart-grieving anger." The verb `πέσσω` literally means "to cook, digest, or ripen." When applied to emotions—especially anger—it means to keep the feeling inside and endure it quietly without letting it explode outwardly, thus "digesting" or "brooding over" it.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §9.500-9.571. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.500-9.571

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