Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §9.356-9.424

Achilles's Choice of Fate and Plan to Return Home

Passage 78 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles declares to the embassy his decision to sail back to Phthia the next morning, rejecting all of Agamemnon's gifts as insufficient to soothe his anger. He reveals his double destiny of either a short life with imperishable glory or a long, quiet life, choosing the latter.

§9.356νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐθέλω πολεμιζέμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ §9.357αὔριον ἱρὰ Διὶ ῥέξας καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι §9.358νηήσας εὖ νῆας, ἐπὴν ἅλα δὲ προερύσσω, §9.359ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ αἴ κέν τοι τὰ μεμήλῃ, §9.360ἦρι μάλʼ Ἑλλήσποντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα πλεούσας §9.361νῆας ἐμάς, ἐν δʼ ἄνδρας ἐρεσσέμεναι μεμαῶτας·
But now, since I do not wish to fight with noble Hector, tomorrow, having offered sacrifices to Zeus and all the gods, and having well laden my ships, when I drag them down to the sea, you shall see, if you wish and if it is of concern to you, my ships sailing early in the morning over the fish-frequented Hellespont, and within them men eager to row.
§9.362εἰ δέ κεν εὐπλοίην δώῃ κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος §9.363ἤματί κε τριτάτῳ Φθίην ἐρίβωλον ἱκοίμην.
And if the famous Earth-shaker grants a fair voyage, on the third day I should reach fertile Phthia.
§9.364ἔστι δέ μοι μάλα πολλά, τὰ κάλλιπον ἐνθάδε ἔρρων·
And I have very many possessions there, which I left behind when I came hither to my ruin.
§9.365ἄλλον δʼ ἐνθένδε χρυσὸν καὶ χαλκὸν ἐρυθρὸν §9.366ἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον §9.367ἄξομαι, ἅσσʼ ἔλαχόν γε·
And yet more gold and red bronze from here, and fair-girdled women and grey iron I will carry away, whatever fell to my share.
γέρας δέ μοι, ὅς περ ἔδωκεν, §9.368αὖτις ἐφυβρίζων ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων §9.369Ἀτρεΐδης·
But my prize of honor, which he himself gave, lord Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has taken back in his insolence.
τῷ πάντʼ ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω §9.370ἀμφαδόν, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἐπισκύζωνται Ἀχαιοὶ §9.371εἴ τινά που Δαναῶν ἔτι ἔλπεται ἐξαπατήσειν §9.372αἰὲν ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένος·
Tell him all this, even as I charge you, openly, so that the other Achaeans also may be indignant, if he hopes perhaps still to deceive some other of the Danaans, clad ever as he is in shamelessness.
οὐδʼ ἂν ἔμοιγε §9.373τετλαίη κύνεός περ ἐὼν εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι·
Yet, not even to me, dog-like though he be, would he dare to look face to face.
§9.374οὐδέ τί οἱ βουλὰς συμφράσσομαι, οὐδὲ μὲν ἔργον· §9.375ἐκ γὰρ δή μʼ ἀπάτησε καὶ ἤλιτεν·
I will take no counsel with him, nor join in any deed; for he has deceived me and sinned against me.
οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτʼ αὖτις §9.376ἐξαπάφοιτʼ ἐπέεσσιν·
Never again shall he beguile me with his words.
ἅλις δέ οἱ·
Enough for him!
ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος §9.377ἐρρέτω· ἐκ γάρ εὑ φρένας εἵλετο μητίετα Ζεύς.
Let him go quietly to his ruin; for Zeus the counselor has taken away his wits.
§9.378ἐχθρὰ δέ μοι τοῦ δῶρα, τίω δέ μιν ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ.
Hateful to me are his gifts, and I value him at a hair's worth.
§9.379οὐδʼ εἴ μοι δεκάκις τε καὶ εἰκοσάκις τόσα δοίη §9.380ὅσσά τέ οἱ νῦν ἔστι, καὶ εἴ ποθεν ἄλλα γένοιτο, §9.381οὐδʼ ὅσʼ ἐς Ὀρχομενὸν ποτινίσεται, οὐδʼ ὅσα Θήβας §9.382Αἰγυπτίας, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται, §9.383αἵ θʼ ἑκατόμπυλοί εἰσι, διηκόσιοι δʼ ἀνʼ ἑκάστας §9.384ἀνέρες ἐξοιχνεῦσι σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν· §9.385οὐδʼ εἴ μοι τόσα δοίη ὅσα ψάμαθός τε κόνις τε, §9.386οὐδέ κεν ὧς ἔτι θυμὸν ἐμὸν πείσειʼ Ἀγαμέμνων §9.387πρίν γʼ ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι θυμαλγέα λώβην.
Not even if he should give me ten times and twenty times as much as he now has, and if yet other things should come to him from elsewhere, not even all that flows into Orchomenus, or into Egyptian Thebes, where the greatest treasure is stored in the houses, and which has a hundred gates, and through each gate two hundred men go forth with horses and chariots; not even if he should give me as many gifts as sand and dust, not even so should Agamemnon persuade my soul, until he has paid me back in full for all his heart-grieving outrage.
§9.388κούρην δʼ οὐ γαμέω Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο, §9.389οὐδʼ εἰ χρυσείῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι, §9.390ἔργα δʼ Ἀθηναίῃ γλαυκώπιδι ἰσοφαρίζοι· §9.391οὐδέ μιν ὧς γαμέω·
And the daughter of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, I will not marry, not even if she should contend in beauty with golden Aphrodite, and in handiwork match grey-eyed Athena; not even so will I marry her.
ὃ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλον ἑλέσθω, §9.392ὅς τις οἷ τʼ ἐπέοικε καὶ ὃς βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν.
Let him choose some other of the Achaeans, who is suited to him and who is more kingly than I.
§9.393ἢν γὰρ δή με σαῶσι θεοὶ καὶ οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμαι, §9.394Πηλεύς θήν μοι ἔπειτα γυναῖκά γε μάσσεται αὐτός.
For if the gods preserve me and I reach home, Peleus himself will then surely seek a wife for me.
§9.395πολλαὶ Ἀχαιΐδες εἰσὶν ἀνʼ Ἑλλάδα τε Φθίην τε §9.396κοῦραι ἀριστήων, οἵ τε πτολίεθρα ῥύονται, §9.397τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομʼ ἄκοιτιν.
There are many Achaean maidens throughout Hellas and Phthia, daughters of chieftains who guard the cities; whichever of these I wish, I will make my beloved wife.
§9.398ἔνθα δέ μοι μάλα πολλὸν ἐπέσσυτο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ §9.399γήμαντα μνηστὴν ἄλοχον ἐϊκυῖαν ἄκοιτιν §9.400κτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς·
And there my proud heart is exceedingly eager to marry a wooed wife, a fitting helpmate, and to enjoy the possessions which the old man Peleus acquired.
§9.401οὐ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ψυχῆς ἀντάξιον οὐδʼ ὅσα φασὶν §9.402Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον §9.403τὸ πρὶν ἐπʼ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν, §9.404οὐδʼ ὅσα λάϊνος οὐδὸς ἀφήτορος ἐντὸς ἐέργει §9.405Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος Πυθοῖ ἔνι πετρηέσσῃ.
For my life is not to be bought with all that they say the well-inhabited city of Ilios possessed of old in time of peace, before the sons of the Achaeans came, nor all that the stone threshold of the Archer, Phoebus Apollo, encloses within in rocky Pytho.
§9.406ληϊστοὶ μὲν γάρ τε βόες καὶ ἴφια μῆλα, §9.407κτητοὶ δὲ τρίποδές τε καὶ ἵππων ξανθὰ κάρηνα, §9.408ἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ πάλιν ἐλθεῖν οὔτε λεϊστὴ §9.409οὔθʼ ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων.
For cattle and fat sheep may be had for the stealing, and tripods and chestnut horses may be won; but a man's life cannot be won back by raiding nor captured, when once it has passed the barrier of his teeth.
§9.410μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα §9.411διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλος δέ.
For my mother, the silver-footed goddess Thetis, tells me that twofold fates are carrying me to the end of death.
§9.412εἰ μέν κʼ αὖθι μένων Τρώων πόλιν ἀμφιμάχωμαι, §9.413ὤλετο μέν μοι νόστος, ἀτὰρ κλέος ἄφθιτον ἔσται· §9.414εἰ δέ κεν οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, §9.415ὤλετό μοι κλέος ἐσθλόν, ἐπὶ δηρὸν δέ μοι αἰὼν §9.416ἔσσεται, οὐδέ κέ μʼ ὦκα τέλος θανάτοιο κιχείη.
If I remain here and fight about the city of the Trojans, my return home is gone, but my glory shall be imperishable; but if I return home to my dear native land, my noble glory is gone, but my life shall be long, and the end of death will not find me swiftly.
§9.417καὶ δʼ ἂν τοῖς ἄλλοισιν ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην §9.418οἴκαδʼ ἀποπλείειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι δήετε τέκμωρ §9.419Ἰλίου αἰπεινῆς· μάλα γάρ ἑθεν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς §9.420χεῖρα ἑὴν ὑπερέσχε, τεθαρσήκασι δὲ λαοί.
And I would counsel the others also to sail away home, since you shall no longer find the end of steep Ilios; for indeed far-seeing Zeus has stretched his hand over her, and her people have taken courage.
§9.421ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς μὲν ἰόντες ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν §9.422ἀγγελίην ἀπόφασθε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ γερόντων· §9.423ὄφρʼ ἄλλην φράζωνται ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν ἀμείνω, §9.424ἥ κέ σφιν νῆάς τε σαῷ καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν
But do you go and declare my message to the chieftains of the Achaeans, for that is the office of elders, so that they may devise some other and better plan in their minds, which may save their ships and the host of the Achaeans.

Notes

  1. 9.361ἐρεσσέμεναι μεμαῶτας — The accusative participle `μεμαῶτας` (eager) agrees with the implied subject of the infinitive `ἐρεσσέμεναι` (to row), describing the men within the ships (`νῆας ἐμάς`).
  2. 9.378ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ — An idiomatic expression meaning "at a hair's worth" or "not worth a straw," where the preposition `ἐν` with the genitive `καρός` functions as a measure of value or esteem.
  3. 9.408πάλιν ἐλθεῖν — An epexegetic (explanatory) infinitive limiting the adjectives `λεϊστή` (winnable by raid) and `ἑλετή` (capturable), meaning "to come back again."
  4. 9.411διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν — An accusative with infinitive construction depending on `φησί` (line 410), with the accusative subject pronoun `με` implied, meaning "that I bear twofold fates."

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §9.356-9.424. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.356-9.424

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