Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §9.287-9.355

Achilles's Reply and Rejection of the Embassy

Passage 77 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Odysseus concludes his speech by presenting Agamemnon's offer of his daughters in marriage and further territories. In response, Achilles fiercely rejects the embassy, detailing Agamemnon's deceit, the lack of reward for his exploits, and his refusal to return to battle.

§9.287Χρυσόθεμις καὶ Λαοδίκη καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα, §9.288τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα φίλην ἀνάεδνον ἄγεσθαι §9.289πρὸς οἶκον Πηλῆος· ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπὶ μείλια δώσει §9.290πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσʼ οὔ πώ τις ἑῇ ἐπέδωκε θυγατρί·
Chrysothemis, and Laodice, and Iphianassa; of these, whichever you wish, you may take as your beloved wife without bride-price to the house of Peleus; and he will furthermore give as dowry very many things, such as no man yet has ever given to his daughter.
§9.291ἑπτὰ δέ τοι δώσει εὖ ναιόμενα πτολίεθρα §9.292Καρδαμύλην Ἐνόπην τε καὶ Ἱρὴν ποιήεσσαν §9.293Φηράς τε ζαθέας ἠδʼ Ἄνθειαν βαθύλειμον §9.294καλήν τʼ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον ἀμπελόεσσαν.
And he will give you seven well-inhabited cities: Cardamyle, and Enope, and grassy Hire, and sacred Pherae, and Antheia with deep meadows, and beautiful Aepeia, and Pedasus rich in vines.
§9.295πᾶσαι δʼ ἐγγὺς ἁλός, νέαται Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος· §9.296ἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ναίουσι πολύρρηνες πολυβοῦται, §9.297οἵ κέ σε δωτίνῃσι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσι §9.298καί τοι ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας.
All these are near the sea, at the edge of sandy Pylos; and in them dwell men rich in flocks and rich in cattle, who will honor you with gifts like a god, and under your sceptre will pay you rich tribute.
§9.299ταῦτά κέ τοι τελέσειε μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο.
All these things would he fulfill for you if you cease from your anger.
§9.300εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο κηρόθι μᾶλλον §9.301αὐτὸς καὶ τοῦ δῶρα, σὺ δʼ ἄλλους περ Παναχαιοὺς §9.302τειρομένους ἐλέαιρε κατὰ στρατόν, οἵ σε θεὸν ὣς §9.303τίσουσʼ·
But if the son of Atreus is too utterly hated by you in your heart, himself and his gifts, yet do you pity the other Panachaeans throughout the host, who will honor you like a god; for indeed you would win very great glory among them.
ἦ γάρ κέ σφι μάλα μέγα κῦδος ἄροιο· §9.304νῦν γάρ χʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἕλοις, ἐπεὶ ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι §9.305λύσσαν ἔχων ὀλοήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινά φησιν ὁμοῖον §9.306οἷ ἔμεναι Δαναῶν οὓς ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν. §9.307τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· §9.308διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ §9.309χρὴ μὲν δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν, §9.310ᾗ περ δὴ φρονέω τε καὶ ὡς τετελεσμένον ἔσται, §9.311ὡς μή μοι τρύζητε παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος.
For now you might slay Hector, since he would come very near you in his deadly madness, since he says there is no one like him of the Danaans whom the ships brought hither." Then in answer to him spoke swift-footed Achilles: "Zeus-born son of Laertes, Odysseus of many devices, I must indeed speak my word bluntly, even as I think, and as it shall be accomplished, so that you may not sit by me and coo, one from one side and one from another.
§9.312ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσιν §9.313ὅς χʼ ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ.
For hateful to me as the gates of Hades is that man who hides one thing in his heart, and says another.
§9.314αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα·
But I will speak as seems to me best.
§9.315οὔτʼ ἔμεγʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα πεισέμεν οἴω §9.316οὔτʼ ἄλλους Δαναούς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν §9.317μάρνασθαι δηΐοισιν ἐπʼ ἀνδράσι νωλεμὲς αἰεί.
I do not think that Agamemnon, son of Atreus, will persuade me, nor the other Danaans, since it appears there was no thanks for fighting against the enemy always without ceasing.
§9.318ἴση μοῖρα μένοντι καὶ εἰ μάλα τις πολεμίζοι· §9.319ἐν δὲ ἰῇ τιμῇ ἠμὲν κακὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ἐσθλός· §9.320κάτθανʼ ὁμῶς ὅ τʼ ἀεργὸς ἀνὴρ ὅ τε πολλὰ ἐοργώς.
An equal share goes to him who stays behind and if one fights ever so hard; in one and the same honor are held both the coward and the brave; death comes alike to the idle man and to him who has wrought much.
§9.321οὐδέ τί μοι περίκειται, ἐπεὶ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ §9.322αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν.
And nothing is left over for me, though I suffered pain in my heart, always risking my life in battle.
§9.323ὡς δʼ ὄρνις ἀπτῆσι νεοσσοῖσι προφέρῃσι §9.324μάστακʼ ἐπεί κε λάβῃσι, κακῶς δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλει αὐτῇ, §9.325ὣς καὶ ἐγὼ πολλὰς μὲν ἀΰπνους νύκτας ἴαυον, §9.326ἤματα δʼ αἱματόεντα διέπρησσον πολεμίζων §9.327ἀνδράσι μαρνάμενος ὀάρων ἕνεκα σφετεράων.
And even as a bird brings to her unfledged nestlings morsels whenever she finds them, though it goes hard with herself, so too was I wont to watch through many sleepless nights, and pass through bloody days in battle, fighting with men for the sake of their wives.
§9.328δώδεκα δὴ σὺν νηυσὶ πόλεις ἀλάπαξʼ ἀνθρώπων, §9.329πεζὸς δʼ ἕνδεκά φημι κατὰ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον· §9.330τάων ἐκ πασέων κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ §9.331ἐξελόμην, καὶ πάντα φέρων Ἀγαμέμνονι δόσκον §9.332Ἀτρεΐδῃ· ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε μένων παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσι §9.333δεξάμενος διὰ παῦρα δασάσκετο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔχεσκεν.
Twelve cities of men have I laid waste with my ships, and by land eleven, I tell you, throughout fertile Troy; from all these I took many noble treasures, and carried them all and gave them to Agamemnon, son of Atreus; but he, remaining behind beside the swift ships, received them, distributed a few, and kept the most.
§9.334ἄλλα δʼ ἀριστήεσσι δίδου γέρα καὶ βασιλεῦσι· §9.335τοῖσι μὲν ἔμπεδα κεῖται, ἐμεῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μούνου Ἀχαιῶν §9.336εἵλετʼ, ἔχει δʼ ἄλοχον θυμαρέα·
Other prizes he gave to the chieftains and kings; to them they remain safe, but from me alone of the Achaeans has he taken, and he possesses the wife of my heart.
τῇ παριαύων §9.337τερπέσθω.
Let him sleep by her side and take his pleasure.
τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι Τρώεσσιν §9.338Ἀργείους;
But why must the Argives wage war against the Trojans?
τί δὲ λαὸν ἀνήγαγεν ἐνθάδʼ ἀγείρας §9.339Ἀτρεΐδης;
Why did the son of Atreus gather the host and lead them hither?
ἦ οὐχ Ἑλένης ἕνεκʼ ἠϋκόμοιο;
Was it not for fair-haired Helen's sake?
§9.340ἦ μοῦνοι φιλέουσʼ ἀλόχους μερόπων ἀνθρώπων §9.341Ἀτρεΐδαι;
Are they the only ones of mortal men who love their wives, the sons of Atreus?
ἐπεὶ ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἐχέφρων §9.342τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει καὶ κήδεται, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν §9.343ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον δουρικτητήν περ ἐοῦσαν.
Since any man who is good and sensible loves his own and cares for her, even as I loved her from my heart, though she was won by my spear.
§9.344νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο καί μʼ ἀπάτησε §9.345μή μευ πειράτω εὖ εἰδότος· οὐδέ με πείσει.
But now, since he has taken my prize from my hands and deceived me, let him not tempt me who know him well; he shall not persuade me.
§9.346ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεῦ σὺν σοί τε καὶ ἄλλοισιν βασιλεῦσι §9.347φραζέσθω νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήϊον πῦρ.
No, Odysseus, let him, with you and the other kings, take counsel how to ward off the consuming fire from the ships.
§9.348ἦ μὲν δὴ μάλα πολλὰ πονήσατο νόσφιν ἐμεῖο, §9.349καὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἔδειμε, καὶ ἤλασε τάφρον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ §9.350εὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξεν· §9.351ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύναται σθένος Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο §9.352ἴσχειν· ὄφρα δʼ ἐγὼ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν πολέμιζον §9.353οὐκ ἐθέλεσκε μάχην ἀπὸ τείχεος ὀρνύμεν Ἕκτωρ, §9.354ἀλλʼ ὅσον ἐς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν· §9.355ἔνθά ποτʼ οἶον ἔμιμνε, μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν.
Indeed, he has wrought very many things without me; yes, he has built a wall, and driven a trench beside it, wide and deep, and in it he has planted stakes; but not even so can he hold back the strength of Hector, slayer of men; yet as long as I fought among the Achaeans, Hector was never willing to rouse the battle away from the wall, but would come only as far as the Scaean gates and the oak tree; there once he awaited me alone, and barely escaped my onset."

Notes

  1. 9.288-289τάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα ... ἄγεσθαι — The genitive plural relative pronoun τάων refers back to the three daughters mentioned in the previous line. The accusative ἥν in the relative clause is the direct object of the infinitive ἄγεσθαι ('to take [as a wife]'), with φίλην functioning predicatively. The subject of the infinitive is the subject of ἐθέλῃσθα (Achilles).
  2. 9.298λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας — The combination of θέμιστας (accusative plural of θέμις, 'law, custom, decree') and the verb τελέω ('to fulfill, perform, pay') admits of two interpretations: (1) 'they will pay rich tribute under your sceptre,' taking the laws as customary dues or tributes owed to the king; (2) 'they will carry out rich/prosperous judgements under your sceptre.' Given the context of the preceding line where wealthy inhabitants honor him with gifts, the former interpretation is preferred.
  3. 9.324κακῶς δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλει αὐτῇ — In this line of the bird-simile, this phrase means 'and it goes hard with herself.' The dative pronoun οἱ refers to the mother bird, reinforced by αὐτῇ ('herself'), while πέλει functions as a synonym of ἐστί ('is, fares'). This emphasizes the self-sacrificing contrast of the mother bird starving while feeding her young, mirroring Achilles' own unrewarded fighting for Agamemnon.
  4. 9.352-353ὄφρα δʼ ἐγὼ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν πολέμιζον οὐκ ἐθέλεσκε — The conjunction ὄφρα here introduces a temporal clause meaning 'as long as,' taking the imperfect verb πολέμιζον to denote ongoing action. The main verb ἐθέλεσκε is the imperfect of ἐθέλω with the frequentative/iterative suffix -σκ-, expressing Hector's habitual or repeated past refusal ('he was never willing to...') while Achilles was active in the war.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §9.287-9.355. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.287-9.355

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