Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §7.413-7.482

Cremation of the Dead and Building of the Achaean Wall

Passage 64 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Idaeus returns to Troy to report the truce, and both armies gather and cremate their dead. The Achaeans build a protective wall and ditch around their ships, which causes concern among the gods, while the night concludes with a feast interrupted by ominous divine thunders.

§7.413ἄψορρον δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἔβη προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν. §7.414οἳ δʼ ἕατʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ Τρῶες καὶ Δαρδανίωνες §7.415πάντες ὁμηγερέες, ποτιδέγμενοι ὁππότʼ ἄρʼ ἔλθοι §7.416Ἰδαῖος· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἦλθε καὶ ἀγγελίην ἀπέειπε §7.417στὰς ἐν μέσσοισιν· τοὶ δʼ ὁπλίζοντο μάλʼ ὦκα, §7.418ἀμφότερον νέκυάς τʼ ἀγέμεν ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην· §7.419Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋσσέλμων ἀπὸ νηῶν §7.420ὀτρύνοντο νέκυς τʼ ἀγέμεν, ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην. §7.421Ἠέλιος μὲν ἔπειτα νέον προσέβαλλεν ἀρούρας §7.422ἐξ ἀκαλαρρείταο βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο §7.423οὐρανὸν εἰσανιών· οἳ δʼ ἤντεον ἀλλήλοισιν. §7.424ἔνθα διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον· §7.425ἀλλʼ ὕδατι νίζοντες ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα §7.426δάκρυα θερμὰ χέοντες ἀμαξάων ἐπάειραν. §7.427οὐδʼ εἴα κλαίειν Πρίαμος μέγας· οἳ δὲ σιωπῇ §7.428νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ, §7.429ἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν. §7.430ὣς δʼ αὔτως ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ §7.431νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ, §7.432ἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας. §7.433ἦμος δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πω ἠώς, ἔτι δʼ ἀμφιλύκη νύξ, §7.434τῆμος ἄρʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν κριτὸς ἔγρετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν, §7.435τύμβον δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὴν ἕνα ποίεον ἐξαγαγόντες §7.436ἄκριτον ἐκ πεδίου, ποτὶ δʼ αὐτὸν τεῖχος ἔδειμαν §7.437πύργους θʼ ὑψηλούς, εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν. §7.438ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσι πύλας ἐνεποίεον εὖ ἀραρυίας, §7.439ὄφρα διʼ αὐτάων ἱππηλασίη ὁδὸς εἴη· §7.440ἔκτοσθεν δὲ βαθεῖαν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τάφρον ὄρυξαν §7.441εὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξαν. §7.442ὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί· §7.443οἳ δὲ θεοὶ πὰρ Ζηνὶ καθήμενοι ἀστεροπητῇ §7.444θηεῦντο μέγα ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων. §7.445τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων· §7.446Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν §7.447ὅς τις ἔτʼ ἀθανάτοισι νόον καὶ μῆτιν ἐνίψει; §7.448οὐχ ὁράᾳς ὅτι δʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ §7.449τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ, ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον §7.450ἤλασαν, οὐδὲ θεοῖσι δόσαν κλειτὰς ἑκατόμβας; §7.451τοῦ δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς· §7.452τοῦ δʼ ἐπιλήσονται τὸ ἐγὼ καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων §7.453ἥρῳ Λαομέδοντι πολίσσαμεν ἀθλήσαντε. §7.454τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· §7.455ὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οἷον ἔειπες. §7.456ἄλλός κέν τις τοῦτο θεῶν δείσειε νόημα, §7.457ὃς σέο πολλὸν ἀφαυρότερος χεῖράς τε μένος τε· §7.458σὸν δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς. §7.459ἄγρει μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ §7.460οἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν §7.461τεῖχος ἀναρρήξας τὸ μὲν εἰς ἅλα πᾶν καταχεῦαι, §7.462αὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι καλύψαι, §7.463ὥς κέν τοι μέγα τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται Ἀχαιῶν. §7.464ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, §7.465δύσετο δʼ ἠέλιος, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν, §7.466βουφόνεον δὲ κατὰ κλισίας καὶ δόρπον ἕλοντο. §7.467νῆες δʼ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι §7.468πολλαί, τὰς προέηκεν Ἰησονίδης Εὔνηος, §7.469τόν ῥʼ ἔτεχʼ Ὑψιπύλη ὑπʼ Ἰήσονι ποιμένι λαῶν. §7.470χωρὶς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ §7.471δῶκεν Ἰησονίδης ἀγέμεν μέθυ χίλια μέτρα. §7.472ἔνθεν οἰνίζοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί, §7.473ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ, §7.474ἄλλοι δὲ ῥινοῖς, ἄλλοι δʼ αὐτῇσι βόεσσιν, §7.475ἄλλοι δʼ ἀνδραπόδεσσι· τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα θάλειαν. §7.476παννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ §7.477δαίνυντο, Τρῶες δὲ κατὰ πτόλιν ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι· §7.478παννύχιος δέ σφιν κακὰ μήδετο μητίετα Ζεὺς §7.479σμερδαλέα κτυπέων· τοὺς δὲ χλωρὸν δέος ᾕρει· §7.480οἶνον δʼ ἐκ δεπάων χαμάδις χέον, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη §7.481πρὶν πιέειν πρὶν λεῖψαι ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι. §7.482κοιμήσαντʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.
\nAnd back Idaeus went to sacred Ilios.\n\nAnd they sat in assembly, Trojans and Dardanians,\n\nall gathered together, waiting for when Idaeus\n\nshould return; and he came and declared his message\n\nstanding in their midst; and they armed themselves right quickly,\n\nboth to bring the dead, and others to go for wood.\n\nAnd the Argives on the other side from their well-timbered ships\n\nroused themselves to bring the dead, and others to go for wood.\n\nThen the Sun was newly striking the fields\n\nfrom the softly-flowing, deep-streamed Ocean,\n\nascending into heaven; and they met with one another.\n\nThere it was hard to recognize each man;\n\nbut washing off the bloody gore with water,\n\nand shedding warm tears, they lifted them onto the wagons.\n\nBut great Priam did not allow them to weep; so in silence\n\nthey piled the dead upon the pyre, sorrowing in heart,\n\nand having burned them with fire, they went back to sacred Ilios.\n\nAnd in like manner on the other side the well-greaved Achaeans\n\npiled the dead upon the pyre, sorrowing in heart,\n\nand having burned them with fire, they went back to the hollow ships.\n\nAnd when it was not yet dawn, but still twilight of night,\n\nthen a chosen host of the Achaeans gathered about the pyre,\n\nand they made a single barrow about it, rearing it\n\nwithout distinction from the plain, and against it they built a wall\n\nand high towers, a defense for the ships and themselves.\n\nAnd in them they made close-fitting gates,\n\nso that through them there might be a way for driving horses;\n\nand outside they dug a deep ditch along it,\n\nwide and great, and in it they planted palisades.\n\nThus they labored, the long-haired Achaeans;\n\nand the gods sitting by Zeus, the lord of lightning,\n\nmarveled at the great work of the bronze-clad Achaeans.\n\nAnd among them Poseidon, the shaker of earth, began to speak:\n\n"Father Zeus, is there any mortal on the boundless earth\n\nwho will still declare his mind and counsel to the immortals?\n\nDo you not see how again the long-haired Achaeans\n\nhave built a wall for their ships, and driven a ditch\n\naround it, and have not given glorious hecatombs to the gods?\n\nIts fame shall be as far as the dawn is scattered;\n\nand they will forget that which I and Phoebus Apollo\n\nbuilt with labor for the hero Laomedon."\n\nAnd greatly troubled, cloud-gathering Zeus spoke to him:\n\n"Ah me, shaker of earth, wide of power, what a thing you have said!\n\nSome other of the gods might fear this thought,\n\nwho is much weaker than you in hand and might;\n\nbut your fame shall be as far as the dawn is scattered.\n\nGo to now, whensoever the long-haired Achaeans\n\nshall depart with their ships to their dear native land,\n\nbreak down the wall and sweep it all into the sea,\n\nand cover the great beach again with sand,\n\nso that the great wall of the Achaeans may be wiped out."\n\nThus they spoke such things to one another;\n\nand the sun set, and the work of the Achaeans was finished;\n\nand they slaughtered oxen by the huts and took supper.\n\nAnd many ships arrived from Lemnos carrying wine,\n\nsent by Euneus, son of Jason,\n\nwhom Hypsipyle bore to Jason, shepherd of the people.\n\nAnd separately, to the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus,\n\nthe son of Jason gave a thousand measures of wine to bring.\n\nFrom there the long-haired Achaeans bought wine,\n\nsome with bronze, some with gleaming iron,\n\nsome with hides, some with cattle itself,\n\nand some with slaves, and they set a rich feast.\n\nThen all night long the long-haired Achaeans\n\nfeasted, and the Trojans and their allies in the city;\n\nand all night long wise Zeus planned evil against them,\n\nthundering terribly; and pale fear seized them;\n\nand they poured wine from cups onto the ground, nor did anyone dare\n\nto drink before he made a libation to the almighty son of Cronos.\n\nThen they lay down and took the gift of sleep.

Notes

  1. 7.415ὁππότʼ ἄρʼ ἔλθοι — Optative of indirect question (oblique optative) following a secondary tense context, representing anticipation.
  2. 7.418ἀμφότερον νέκυάς τʼ ἀγέμεν ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην — The adverbial ἀμφότερον introduces two distinct purposes (gathering the dead and fetching wood), with ἕτεροι δέ marking the division of labor.
  3. 7.433ἦμος δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πω ἠώς, ἔτι δʼ ἀμφιλύκη νύξ — A correlative construction ἦμος... τῆμος ('when... then') specifying the precise temporal point of pre-dawn twilight.
  4. 7.456ἄλλός κέν τις τοῦτο θεῶν δείσειε — Potential optative with κέν expressing a hypothetical situation or potentiality in the present.
  5. 7.481πρὶν πιέειν πρὶν λεῖψαι — Double πρὶν with infinitives, emphasizing a strict temporal and logical sequence: they did not drink before they had poured a libation.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §7.413-7.482. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.413-7.482

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