Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §6.1-6.68

The Achaean Onslaught and the Death of Adrastus

Passage 50 of 226 · Greek

Summary

After the gods depart from the battlefield, the humans engage in a fierce clash where Achaean heroes slay several Trojans. Menelaus captures Adrastus alive, but Agamemnon intervenes, urging merciless slaughter, which leads to Adrastus' death.

§6.1Τρώων δʼ οἰώθη καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπις αἰνή· §6.2πολλὰ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθʼ ἴθυσε μάχη πεδίοιο §6.3ἀλλήλων ἰθυνομένων χαλκήρεα δοῦρα §6.4μεσσηγὺς Σιμόεντος ἰδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων.
And the dreadful battle-cry of Trojans and Achaeans was left alone; and many a time this way and that rushed the battle over the plain, as they aimed at one another their bronze-shod spears between the streams of Simois and Xanthus.
§6.5Αἴας δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν §6.6Τρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα, φόως δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἔθηκεν, §6.7ἄνδρα βαλὼν ὃς ἄριστος ἐνὶ Θρῄκεσσι τέτυκτο §6.8υἱὸν Ἐϋσσώρου Ἀκάμαντʼ ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε.
And Ajax first, the Telamonian, the bulwark of the Achaeans, broke a phalanx of the Trojans, and brought a light of safety to his comrades, by striking a man who was the best among the Thracians, the son of Eussorus, Acamas, both valiant and great.
§6.9τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλε πρῶτος κόρυθος φάλον ἱπποδασείης, §6.10ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε, πέρησε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέον εἴσω §6.11αἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.
Him he struck first on the horn of his helmet with thick horse-hair crest, and drove the spear into his forehead, and the bronze point pierced through the bone inside; and darkness covered his eyes.
§6.12Ἄξυλον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης §6.13Τευθρανίδην, ὃς ἔναιεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν Ἀρίσβῃ §6.14ἀφνειὸς βιότοιο, φίλος δʼ ἦν ἀνθρώποισι. §6.15πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων.
And Diomedes, good at the war-cry, slew Axylus, the son of Teuthras, who dwelt in well-built Arisbe, rich in substance, and he was dear to men; for he showed hospitality to all, dwelling in his house by the roadside.
§6.16ἀλλά οἱ οὔ τις τῶν γε τότʼ ἤρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον §6.17πρόσθεν ὑπαντιάσας, ἀλλʼ ἄμφω θυμὸν ἀπηύρα §6.18αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα Καλήσιον, ὅς ῥα τόθʼ ἵππων §6.19ἔσκεν ὑφηνίοχος· τὼ δʼ ἄμφω γαῖαν ἐδύτην.
Yet of these no one then warded off from him woeful destruction by standing before him, but Diomedes took away the life of both, of him and of his squire Calesius, who then was the driver of his horses; so they both passed beneath the earth.
§6.20Δρῆσον δʼ Εὐρύαλος καὶ Ὀφέλτιον ἐξενάριξε· §6.21βῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἴσηπον καὶ Πήδασον, οὕς ποτε νύμφη §6.22νηῒς Ἀβαρβαρέη τέκʼ ἀμύμονι Βουκολίωνι.
And Euryalus stripped Dresus and Opheltius, and he went after Aesepus and Pedasus, whom once the naiad nymph Abarbarea bore to noble Bucolion.
§6.23Βουκολίων δʼ ἦν υἱὸς ἀγαυοῦ Λαομέδοντος §6.24πρεσβύτατος γενεῇ, σκότιον δέ ἑ γείνατο μήτηρ· §6.25ποιμαίνων δʼ ἐπʼ ὄεσσι μίγη φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ, §6.26ἣ δʼ ὑποκυσαμένη διδυμάονε γείνατο παῖδε.
Now Bucolion was son of noble Laomedon, eldest by birth, but his mother bore him in secret; while shepherding his sheep he mingled with her in love and sleep, and she conceiving bore twin sons.
§6.27καὶ μὲν τῶν ὑπέλυσε μένος καὶ φαίδιμα γυῖα §6.28Μηκιστηϊάδης καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.
And indeed their strength and their glorious limbs the son of Mecisteus loosened, and stripped the armor from their shoulders.
§6.29Ἀστύαλον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης· §6.30Πιδύτην δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Περκώσιον ἐξενάριξεν §6.31ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ, Τεῦκρος δʼ Ἀρετάονα δῖον.
And Polypoetes, staunch in battle, slew Astyalus; and Odysseus slew Pidytes of Percote with his bronze spear, and Teucer noble Aretaon.
§6.32Ἀντίλοχος δʼ Ἄβληρον ἐνήρατο δουρὶ φαεινῷ §6.33Νεστορίδης, Ἔλατον δὲ ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· §6.34ναῖε δὲ Σατνιόεντος ἐϋρρείταο παρʼ ὄχθας §6.35Πήδασον αἰπεινήν.
And Antilochus, Nestor's son, slew Ablerus with his bright spear, and Agamemnon, king of men, slew Elatus; he dwelt by the banks of fair-flowing Satnioeis, in steep Pedasus.
Φύλακον δʼ ἕλε Λήϊτος ἥρως §6.36φεύγοντʼ· Εὐρύπυλος δὲ Μελάνθιον ἐξενάριξεν.
And Leitus the hero slew Phylacus as he fled; and Eurypylus slew Melanthius.
§6.37Ἄδρηστον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος §6.38ζωὸν ἕλʼ· ἵππω γάρ οἱ ἀτυζομένω πεδίοιο §6.39ὄζῳ ἔνι βλαφθέντε μυρικίνῳ ἀγκύλον ἅρμα §6.40ἄξαντʼ ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ αὐτὼ μὲν ἐβήτην §6.41πρὸς πόλιν, ᾗ περ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀτυζόμενοι φοβέοντο,
Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, took Adrastus alive; for his horses, fleeing in terror over the plain, became entangled in a tamarisk branch, and broke the curved chariot at the end of the pole, and they themselves went toward the city, whither the others were fleeing in terror.
§6.42αὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο παρὰ τροχὸν ἐξεκυλίσθη §6.43πρηνὴς ἐν κονίῃσιν ἐπὶ στόμα· πὰρ δέ οἱ ἔστη §6.44Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἔχων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος.
But he himself was rolled out of the chariot beside the wheel, prone in the dust on his face; and beside him stood Menelaus, son of Atreus, holding his far-shadowing spear.
§6.45Ἄδρηστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα λαβὼν ἐλίσσετο γούνων· §6.46ζώγρει Ἀτρέος υἱέ, σὺ δʼ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα· §6.47πολλὰ δʼ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρὸς κειμήλια κεῖται §6.48χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος, §6.49τῶν κέν τοι χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα §6.50εἴ κεν ἐμὲ ζωὸν πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. §6.51ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθε· §6.52καὶ δή μιν τάχʼ ἔμελλε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν §6.53δώσειν ᾧ θεράποντι καταξέμεν· ἀλλʼ Ἀγαμέμνων §6.54ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων, καὶ ὁμοκλήσας ἔπος ηὔδα· §6.55ὦ πέπον ὦ Μενέλαε, τί ἢ δὲ σὺ κήδεαι οὕτως §6.56ἀνδρῶν;
Then Adrastus clasped his knees and entreated him: “Take me alive, son of Atreus, and accept a worthy ransom; many treasures lie in the house of my wealthy father, bronze and gold and iron wrought with much labor, of these my father would grant you a ransom past counting, if he should learn that I am alive at the ships of the Achaeans.” So he spoke, and began to persuade the heart within his breast; and indeed he was soon about to give him to his squire to lead him to the swift ships of the Achaeans; but Agamemnon came running to meet him, and shouted and spoke a word: “O gentle-hearted Menelaus, why do you care so much for these men?
ἦ σοὶ ἄριστα πεποίηται κατὰ οἶκον §6.57πρὸς Τρώων;
Has best treatment indeed been done to you in your house by the Trojans?
τῶν μή τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον §6.58χεῖράς θʼ ἡμετέρας, μηδʼ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ §6.59κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδʼ ὃς φύγοι, ἀλλʼ ἅμα πάντες §6.60Ἰλίου ἐξαπολοίατʼ ἀκήδεστοι καὶ ἄφαντοι. §6.61ὣς εἰπὼν ἔτρεψεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως §6.62αἴσιμα παρειπών· ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὤσατο χειρὶ §6.63ἥρωʼ Ἄδρηστον· τὸν δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων §6.64οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· ὃ δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ §6.65λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος.
Let none of them escape steep destruction and our hands, not even the boy whom his mother bears in her womb as a child, let not even him escape, but all together let them perish utterly from Ilium, unmourned and unseen.” So speaking the hero turned his brother's mind, advising what was right; and Menelaus pushed from him with his hand the hero Adrastus, and the ruler Agamemnon struck him in the flank, and he fell backward, and the son of Atreus stepping with his heel upon his breast drew out the ashen spear.
§6.66Νέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· §6.67ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος §6.68μή τις νῦν ἐνάρων ἐπιβαλλόμενος μετόπισθε
And Nestor called out to the Argives with a far-reaching shout: “O friends, Danaan heroes, squires of Ares, let no man now throw himself upon the spoils in the rear”, */

Notes

  1. 6.1οἰώθη — Meaning 'was left alone' or 'was isolated'. It indicates that since the Olympian gods had departed from the battlefield, the human combat (φύλοπις αἰνή) was left to itself without divine intervention.
  2. 6.2πεδίοιο — A genitive of space indicating the area over which the action extends ('over the plain'). The following ἰθυνομένων is a genitive absolute with the implicit subject of both armies' warriors.
  3. 6.16τῶν γε — Functions as a demonstrative pronoun rather than a relative pronoun, serving as a partitive genitive ('of those very people [whom Axylus used to entertain]'). It is modified by the following participle ὑπαντιάσας.
  4. 6.24σκότιον — The neuter singular adjective functions adverbially, meaning 'in darkness,' i.e., 'secretly' or 'out of wedlock.' It indicates that the mother bore him from an unrecognized or illegitimate relationship.
  5. 6.49χαρίσαιτο — A potential optative with κέν in the main clause combined with a conditional clause of εἰ with κέν and the optative. In classical prose, such a condition is expressed by εἰ with the optative alone, but Homeric Greek often admits κέν in the protasis. It denotes a hypothetical future possibility.
  6. 6.56ἦ σοὶ ἄριστα πεποίηται — Literally 'has the best treatment indeed been done to you by the Trojans?', which functions as a strong sarcasm (irony). It rebukes Menelaus' soft-heartedness by reminding him of the terrible outrage (the abduction of Helen) the Trojans committed in his house.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §6.1-6.68. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.1-6.68

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