Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §24.1-24.68

Abuse of Hector's Body and Dispute Among the Gods

Passage 215 of 226 · Greek

Summary

As Achilles remains sleepless, mourning Patroclus and dragging Hector's corpse, the gods look on with pity and fall into debate. Apollo denounces Achilles' cruelty, while Hera defends his divine rank, prompting Zeus to intervene and address the disparity in their honor.

§24.1λῦτο δʼ ἀγών, λαοὶ δὲ θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἕκαστοι §24.2ἐσκίδναντʼ ἰέναι.
The assembly was dissolved, and the people scattered, each to their own swift ships.
τοὶ μὲν δόρποιο μέδοντο §24.3ὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι·
They took thought of supper and of enjoying sweet sleep.
αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς §24.4κλαῖε φίλου ἑτάρου μεμνημένος, οὐδέ μιν ὕπνος §24.5ᾕρει πανδαμάτωρ, ἀλλʼ ἐστρέφετʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα §24.6Πατρόκλου ποθέων ἀνδροτῆτά τε καὶ μένος ἠΰ, §24.7ἠδʼ ὁπόσα τολύπευσε σὺν αὐτῷ καὶ πάθεν ἄλγεα §24.8ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων·
But Achilles wept, remembering his beloved companion, nor did sleep, which conquers all, seize him, but he turned this way and that, yearning for the manhood and noble strength of Patroclus, and for all that he had accomplished with him and the hardships he had suffered, cleaving through the battles of men and the painful waves.
§24.9τῶν μιμνησκόμενος θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβεν, §24.10ἄλλοτʼ ἐπὶ πλευρὰς κατακείμενος, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε §24.11ὕπτιος, ἄλλοτε δὲ πρηνής· τοτὲ δʼ ὀρθὸς ἀναστὰς §24.12δινεύεσκʼ ἀλύων παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλός·
Remembering these things, he shed warm tears, lying now upon his side, now again upon his back, and now upon his face; then upright standing, he would wander distraught along the shore of the sea.
οὐδέ μιν ἠὼς §24.13φαινομένη λήθεσκεν ὑπεὶρ ἅλα τʼ ἠϊόνας τε.
Nor did the dawning day escape his notice as it appeared over the sea and the beaches.
§24.14ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπεὶ ζεύξειεν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, §24.15Ἕκτορα δʼ ἕλκεσθαι δησάσκετο δίφρου ὄπισθεν, §24.16τρὶς δʼ ἐρύσας περὶ σῆμα Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος §24.17αὖτις ἐνὶ κλισίῃ παυέσκετο, τὸν δέ τʼ ἔασκεν §24.18ἐν κόνι ἐκτανύσας προπρηνέα·
But when he had yoked the swift horses to his chariot, he bound Hector to be dragged behind the chariot, and having dragged him thrice around the tomb of the dead son of Menoetius, he would rest again in his hut, and leave him stretched out prone in the dust.
τοῖο δʼ Ἀπόλλων §24.19πᾶσαν ἀεικείην ἄπεχε χροῒ φῶτʼ ἐλεαίρων §24.20καὶ τεθνηότα περ· περὶ δʼ αἰγίδι πάντα κάλυπτε §24.21χρυσείῃ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων.
But Apollo kept all defilement from his body, pitying the man even in death; and he covered him all over with the golden aegis, so that he might not tear him as he dragged him.
§24.22ὣς ὃ μὲν Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀείκιζεν μενεαίνων· §24.23τὸν δʼ ἐλεαίρεσκον μάκαρες θεοὶ εἰσορόωντες, §24.24κλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνεσκον ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην.
Thus he in his fury outraged noble Hector; but the blessed gods looked upon him and pitied him, and they urged the sharp-sighted Argeiphontes to steal him.
§24.25ἔνθʼ ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθʼ Ἥρῃ §24.26οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνʼ οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ, §24.27ἀλλʼ ἔχον ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ §24.28καὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης, §24.29ὃς νείκεσσε θεὰς ὅτε οἱ μέσσαυλον ἵκοντο, §24.30τὴν δʼ ᾔνησʼ ἥ οἱ πόρε μαχλοσύνην ἀλεγεινήν.
Then this was pleasing to all the others, but never to Hera, nor to Poseidon, nor to the flashing-eyed maiden, but they kept their hatred just as sacred Ilios first became hateful to them, and Priam and his people, because of the delusion of Alexander, who insulted the goddesses when they came to his farmstead, and praised her who offered him painful lust.
§24.31ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετʼ ἠώς, §24.32καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· §24.33σχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες·
But when the twelfth morning from that time arose, then indeed Phoebus Apollo spoke among the immortals: "Hard-hearted are you, gods, and destructive!
οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν §24.34Ἕκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων;
Did never indeed to you Hector burn thighs of bulls and of flawless goats?
§24.35τὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι §24.36ᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ ᾧ §24.37καὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τοί κέ μιν ὦκα §24.38ἐν πυρὶ κήαιεν καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσαιεν.
Him now, though he is a corpse, you cannot bring yourselves to save for his wife to behold, and for his mother, his child, his father Priam, and the people, who would quickly burn him in fire and perform his funeral rites.
§24.39ἀλλʼ ὀλοῷ Ἀχιλῆϊ θεοὶ βούλεσθʼ ἐπαρήγειν, §24.40ᾧ οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὔτε νόημα §24.41γναμπτὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι, λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν, §24.42ὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ μεγάλῃ τε βίῃ καὶ ἀγήνορι θυμῷ §24.43εἴξας εἶσʼ ἐπὶ μῆλα βροτῶν ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν·
But you, gods, wish to help destructive Achilles, whose mind is neither righteous nor is the thought in his breast flexible; but like a lion he knows only savage things, which, yielding to its great might and proud heart, goes against the flocks of men to take a feast.
§24.44ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἔλεον μὲν ἀπώλεσεν, οὐδέ οἱ αἰδὼς §24.45γίγνεται, ἥ τʼ ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται ἠδʼ ὀνίνησι.
So Achilles has destroyed pity, nor is there any shame in him, which greatly harms men and yet benefits them.
§24.46μέλλει μέν πού τις καὶ φίλτερον ἄλλον ὀλέσσαι §24.47ἠὲ κασίγνητον ὁμογάστριον ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν· §24.48ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλαύσας καὶ ὀδυράμενος μεθέηκε· §24.49τλητὸν γὰρ Μοῖραι θυμὸν θέσαν ἀνθρώποισιν.
For surely a man may lose even someone dearer, either a brother from the same womb or even a son; yet indeed, having wept and lamented, he ceases; for the Fates have put a patient heart in men.
§24.50αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα, §24.51ἵππων ἐξάπτων περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο §24.52ἕλκει· οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τʼ ἄμεινον.
But he, after he has robbed noble Hector of his dear life, binds him to his chariot and drags him around the tomb of his beloved companion; surely this is neither more honorable for him nor better.
§24.53μὴ ἀγαθῷ περ ἐόντι νεμεσσηθέωμέν οἱ ἡμεῖς· §24.54κωφὴν γὰρ δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζει μενεαίνων. §24.55τὸν δὲ χολωσαμένη προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη· §24.56εἴη κεν καὶ τοῦτο τεὸν ἔπος ἀργυρότοξε
Let us take care lest we be angry with him, noble though he is; for in his fury he is outraging the senseless earth." Then white-armed Hera spoke to him in anger: "Even this word of yours might be true, god of the silver bow, if indeed you will assign equal honor to Achilles and to Hector.
§24.57εἰ δὴ ὁμὴν Ἀχιλῆϊ καὶ Ἕκτορι θήσετε τιμήν. §24.58Ἕκτωρ μὲν θνητός τε γυναῖκά τε θήσατο μαζόν· §24.59αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεύς ἐστι θεᾶς γόνος, ἣν ἐγὼ αὐτὴ §24.60θρέψά τε καὶ ἀτίτηλα καὶ ἀνδρὶ πόρον παράκοιτιν §24.61Πηλέϊ, ὃς περὶ κῆρι φίλος γένετʼ ἀθανάτοισι.
Hector indeed is mortal and sucked the breast of a woman; but Achilles is the child of a goddess, whom I myself reared and cherished, and gave as a wife to a man, Peleus, who was dear to the hearts of the immortals.
§24.62πάντες δʼ ἀντιάασθε θεοὶ γάμου· ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι §24.63δαίνυʼ ἔχων φόρμιγγα κακῶν ἕταρʼ, αἰὲν ἄπιστε. §24.64τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· §24.65Ἥρη μὴ δὴ πάμπαν ἀποσκύδμαινε θεοῖσιν· §24.66οὐ μὲν γὰρ τιμή γε μίʼ ἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἕκτωρ §24.67φίλτατος ἔσκε θεοῖσι βροτῶν οἳ ἐν Ἰλίῳ εἰσίν· §24.68ὣς γὰρ ἔμοιγʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι φίλων ἡμάρτανε δώρων.
And all you gods attended the wedding; and among them you too feasted, holding your lyre, companion of evil, always faithless!" Then cloud-gathering Zeus answered her and said: "Hera, do not be angry altogether with the gods; for their honor indeed shall not be one and the same; but Hector too was dearest to the gods of all mortals who are in Ilios; so indeed he was to me, since he never failed to give pleasing gifts."

Notes

  1. 24.2δόρποιο μέδοντο / ὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι — The verb `μέδομαι` (to take thought of) governs the genitive `δόρποιο` (supper). The following phrase `ὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι` consists of the aorist passive infinitive `ταρπήμεναι` (from `τέρπω`, here meaning 'to enjoy') and its genitive object, meaning 'to take thought of enjoying sweet sleep.'
  2. 24.13οὐδέ μιν ἠὼς / φαινομένη λήθεσκεν — The verb `λανθάνω` (here in the Ionic iterative imperfect `λήθεσκεν`) is construed with the accusative pronoun `μιν` and the present participle `φαινομένη`. Literally, 'the appearing dawn did not escape his notice,' indicating that Achilles remained awake through the night and always witnessed the arrival of dawn.
  3. 24.27ἀλλʼ ἔχον ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ — The verb `ἔχον` (imperfect 3rd person plural of `ἔχω`) is used intransitively or with an implied object such as 'hostility,' meaning 'they kept/maintained their state.' The conjunction `ὥς` functions adverbially ('just as'), meaning 'they maintained their hatred just as sacred Ilios had first become hateful to them.'
  4. 24.53μὴ ἀγαθῷ περ ἐόντι νεμεσσηθέωμέν οἱ ἡμεῖς — The verb `νεμεσσηθέωμεν` is an aorist passive subjunctive 1st person plural, which, combined with the negative particle `μή`, expresses a strong exhortation or caution: 'let us not be angry with him.' The participle `ἐόντι` (dative singular of `εἰμί`) with the particle `περ` has a concessive force, meaning 'although he is noble.'

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §24.1-24.68. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:24.1-24.68

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