Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §22.260-22.322

Rejection of the Covenant and Hector's Final Charge

Passage 198 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles rejects Hector's proposal of a mutual covenant, and their duel begins. After both throw their spears without a decisive hit, Hector realizes Athena's deception and his impending death, drawing his sword for a final charge while Achilles prepares to strike with his gleaming spear.

§22.260τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· §22.261Ἕκτορ μή μοι ἄλαστε συνημοσύνας ἀγόρευε·
Then, looking at him grimly, swift-footed Achilles addressed him: "Hector, you whom I cannot forgive, talk not to me of covenants.
§22.262ὡς οὐκ ἔστι λέουσι καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὅρκια πιστά, §22.263οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θυμὸν ἔχουσιν, §22.264ἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέουσι διαμπερὲς ἀλλήλοισιν, §22.265ὣς οὐκ ἔστʼ ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ φιλήμεναι, οὐδέ τι νῶϊν §22.266ὅρκια ἔσσονται, πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα §22.267αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν.
As there are no trustworthy oaths between lions and men, nor do wolves and lambs have a like-minded heart, but are ever plotting evil against one another, so it is not possible for you and me to be friends, nor shall there be any covenants between us, until indeed one or the other has fallen and sated with his blood Ares, the warrior with shield of tough bull's hide.
§22.268παντοίης ἀρετῆς μιμνήσκεο· νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ §22.269αἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν.
Bethink you of every kind of valor; now it greatly behoves you to be a spearman and a daring warrior.
§22.270οὔ τοι ἔτʼ ἔσθʼ ὑπάλυξις, ἄφαρ δέ σε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη §22.271ἔγχει ἐμῷ δαμάᾳ· νῦν δʼ ἀθρόα πάντʼ ἀποτίσεις §22.272κήδεʼ ἐμῶν ἑτάρων οὓς ἔκτανες ἔγχεϊ θύων. §22.273ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος· §22.274καὶ τὸ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· §22.275ἕζετο γὰρ προϊδών, τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο χάλκεον ἔγχος, §22.276ἐν γαίῃ δʼ ἐπάγη· ἀνὰ δʼ ἥρπασε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, §22.277ἂψ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δίδου, λάθε δʼ Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν.
No longer is there any escape for you, but straightway Pallas Athena shall vanquish you by my spear; now you shall pay back all at once the sorrows of my companions, whom you slew in your fury with the spear." He spoke, and poising his far-shadowing spear, he let it fly; but glorious Hector, looking straight at it, avoided it; for he watched it and crouched, and the bronze spear flew over him and fixed itself in the earth; but Pallas Athena snatched it up and gave it back to Achilles, unmarked by Hector, shepherd of the people.
§22.278Ἕκτωρ δὲ προσέειπεν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα· §22.279ἤμβροτες, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ
And Hector spoke to the peerless son of Peleus: "You have missed!
§22.280ἐκ Διὸς ἠείδης τὸν ἐμὸν μόρον, ἦ τοι ἔφης γε· §22.281ἀλλά τις ἀρτιεπὴς καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ἔπλεο μύθων, §22.282ὄφρά σʼ ὑποδείσας μένεος ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι.
Not yet then, godlike Achilles, did you know my fate from Zeus, though indeed you said so; but you were only glib of tongue and cunning in your words, that fearing you I might forget my strength and my courage.
§22.283οὐ μέν μοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξεις, §22.284ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτι διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσον §22.285εἴ τοι ἔδωκε θεός·
Not in my back as I flee shall you plant your spear, but drive it straight through my breast as I charge right at you, if indeed God has granted it to you.
νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος ἄλευαι §22.286χάλκεον· ὡς δή μιν σῷ ἐν χροῒ πᾶν κομίσαιο.
But now avoid my spear of bronze; would that you might take it all into your flesh!
§22.287καί κεν ἐλαφρότερος πόλεμος Τρώεσσι γένοιτο §22.288σεῖο καταφθιμένοιο· σὺ γάρ σφισι πῆμα μέγιστον. §22.289ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, §22.290καὶ βάλε Πηλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε· §22.291τῆλε δʼ ἀπεπλάγχθη σάκεος δόρυ· χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ §22.292ὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός, §22.293στῆ δὲ κατηφήσας, οὐδʼ ἄλλʼ ἔχε μείλινον ἔγχος.
And so would the war become lighter for the Trojans, with you dead; for you are their greatest bane." He spoke, and poising his far-shadowing spear, he let it fly, and struck the middle of the shield of Peleus' son, nor did he miss his mark; but far from the shield the spear bounded away; and Hector was wroth because the swift weapon had flown in vain from his hand, and he stood downcast, nor did he have another ashen spear.
§22.294Δηΐφοβον δʼ ἐκάλει λευκάσπιδα μακρὸν ἀΰσας· §22.295ᾔτεέ μιν δόρυ μακρόν· ὃ δʼ οὔ τί οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν.
Then he called to white-shielded Deiphobus, shouting aloud, and asked him for a long spear; but he was nowhere near him.
§22.296Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε· §22.297ὢ πόποι ἦ μάλα δή με θεοὶ θάνατόνδε κάλεσσαν· §22.298Δηΐφοβον γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην ἥρωα παρεῖναι· §22.299ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν τείχει, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐξαπάτησεν Ἀθήνη.
And Hector knew in his heart, and spoke, saying: "Ah, indeed, the gods have surely called me to my death; for I thought the hero Deiphobus was at hand, but he is within the wall, and Athena has deceived me.
§22.300νῦν δὲ δὴ ἐγγύθι μοι θάνατος κακός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄνευθεν, §22.301οὐδʼ ἀλέη· ἦ γάρ ῥα πάλαι τό γε φίλτερον ἦεν §22.302Ζηνί τε καὶ Διὸς υἷι ἑκηβόλῳ, οἵ με πάρος γε §22.303πρόφρονες εἰρύατο· νῦν αὖτέ με μοῖρα κιχάνει.
Now indeed is evil death near me, and no longer far off, nor is there escape; for surely this was of old more pleasing to Zeus and to the son of Zeus, the far-shooter, who before this would protect me with ready heart; but now my fate has caught me.
§22.304μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε καὶ ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην, §22.305ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι. §22.306ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας εἰρύσσατο φάσγανον ὀξύ, §22.307τό οἱ ὑπὸ λαπάρην τέτατο μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε, §22.308οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τʼ αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις, §22.309ὅς τʼ εἶσιν πεδίον δὲ διὰ νεφέων ἐρεβεννῶν §22.310ἁρπάξων ἢ ἄρνʼ ἀμαλὴν ἤ πτῶκα λαγωόν· §22.311ὣς Ἕκτωρ οἴμησε τινάσσων φάσγανον ὀξύ.
Yet let me not perish without a struggle and ingloriously, but after doing some great thing that shall be told to men yet to be." So saying, he drew his sharp sword that hung beneath his flank, great and strong, and gathering himself, he swooped like a high-flying eagle that swoops down to the plain through the dark clouds to snatch a tender lamb or a cowering hare; so Hector swooped, brandishing his sharp sword.
§22.312ὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μένεος δʼ ἐμπλήσατο θυμὸν §22.313ἀγρίου, πρόσθεν δὲ σάκος στέρνοιο κάλυψε §22.314καλὸν δαιδάλεον, κόρυθι δʼ ἐπένευε φαεινῇ §22.315τετραφάλῳ· καλαὶ δὲ περισσείοντο ἔθειραι §22.316χρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς.
And Achilles rushed on, and filled his heart with wild fury, and before his breast he held his shield, beautiful and wondrously wrought, and nodded with his gleaming helmet of fourfold crest; and fair shook the hairs of gold, which Hephaestus had set thick about the crest.
§22.317οἷος δʼ ἀστὴρ εἶσι μετʼ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ §22.318ἕσπερος, ὃς κάλλιστος ἐν οὐρανῷ ἵσταται ἀστήρ, §22.319ὣς αἰχμῆς ἀπέλαμπʼ εὐήκεος, ἣν ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς §22.320πάλλεν δεξιτερῇ φρονέων κακὸν Ἕκτορι δίῳ §22.321εἰσορόων χρόα καλόν, ὅπῃ εἴξειε μάλιστα.
As a star goes forth among stars in the darkness of night, Hesperus, which is set in heaven as the fairest of all stars, even so did light gleam from the sharp spear which Achilles brandished in his right hand, devising evil for noble Hector, looking closely at his fair flesh, to see where it might most readily yield.
§22.322τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τόσον μὲν ἔχε χρόα χάλκεα τεύχεα
Now all the rest of his flesh was covered by the bronze armor

Notes

  1. 22.261ἄλαστε — The vocative ἄλαστε, meaning "unforgettable [in evil]" or "accursed," expresses Achilles' relentless hatred and absolute refusal to establish any human terms of negotiation with Hector.
  2. 22.266πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα — The conjunction πρίν ἤ ("before" or "until") introduces an accusative-and-infinitive construction, where the accusative participle phrase ἕτερον πεσόντα ("one or the other having fallen") acts as the subject of the infinitive ἆσαι ("to sate"), establishing a conditional limit.
  3. 22.282ὄφρά σʼ ὑποδείσας — The conjunction of purpose ὄφρα ("in order that") takes the subjunctive λάθωμαι. The aorist active participle ὑποδείσας ("having feared") indicates the attendant circumstance or cause, meaning "so that, through fear of you, I might forget my strength."
  4. 22.305ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι — This is an independent use of the infinitive expressing a strong command or resolve, contrasted with the preceding optative of wish ἀπολοίμην ("may I perish"). It conveys Hector's determination: "but rather, let me do some great deed to be heard of by men yet to be."
  5. 22.321ὅπῃ εἴξειε μάλιστα — The verb εἴξειε inside the indirect question clause introduced by ὅπῃ is an optative of oblique clause (following the past-referential participle εἰσορόων). It represents Achilles' searching thoughts as he scrutinized Hector's body: "where it might most readily yield."

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §22.260-22.322. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:22.260-22.322

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