Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §22.196-22.259

The Golden Scales of Zeus and Athena's Deception

Passage 197 of 226 · Greek

Summary

As Achilles continues to pursue Hector, Zeus weighs their fates on golden scales, and Hector's doom sinks. Athena then takes the form of Deiphobus to persuade Hector to stand and fight Achilles.

§22.196εἴ πως οἷ καθύπερθεν ἀλάλκοιεν βελέεσσι,
if somehow they might protect him from above with missiles.
§22.197τοσσάκι μιν προπάροιθεν ἀποστρέψασκε παραφθὰς §22.198πρὸς πεδίον· αὐτὸς δὲ ποτὶ πτόλιος πέτετʼ αἰεί.
But as often as he made a start, Achilles would outrun him and turn him back toward the plain; while he himself always flew on the side of the city.
§22.199ὡς δʼ ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται φεύγοντα διώκειν· §22.200οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὃ τὸν δύναται ὑποφεύγειν οὔθʼ ὃ διώκειν· §22.201ὣς ὃ τὸν οὐ δύνατο μάρψαι ποσίν, οὐδʼ ὃς ἀλύξαι.
And as in a dream one cannot pursue a fleeing man, neither can the one escape from the other, nor the other pursue, so the one could not catch the other with his feet, nor could the other escape.
§22.202πῶς δέ κεν Ἕκτωρ κῆρας ὑπεξέφυγεν θανάτοιο, §22.203εἰ μή οἱ πύματόν τε καὶ ὕστατον ἤντετʼ Ἀπόλλων §22.204ἐγγύθεν, ὅς οἱ ἐπῶρσε μένος λαιψηρά τε γοῦνα;
And how could Hector have escaped the fates of death, had not Apollo met him for the very last time, close at hand, who roused in him strength and swift knees?
§22.205λαοῖσιν δʼ ἀνένευε καρήατι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, §22.206οὐδʼ ἔα ἱέμεναι ἐπὶ Ἕκτορι πικρὰ βέλεμνα, §22.207μή τις κῦδος ἄροιτο βαλών, ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ἔλθοι.
But noble Achilles shook his head to his people, nor did he allow them to let fly bitter missiles at Hector, lest someone, having struck him, should win glory, and he himself come second.
§22.208ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπὶ κρουνοὺς ἀφίκοντο, §22.209καὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα, §22.210ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο, §22.211τὴν μὲν Ἀχιλλῆος, τὴν δʼ Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο, §22.212ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ Ἕκτορος αἴσιμον ἦμαρ, §22.213ᾤχετο δʼ εἰς Ἀΐδαο, λίπεν δέ ἑ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.
But when indeed for the fourth time they reached the springs, then indeed the Father stretched out his golden scales, and placed in them two fates of death that brings long grief, one of Achilles, and the other of horse-taming Hector, and he held them by the middle and raised them; and the fated day of Hector sank, and went down to Hades, and Phoebus Apollo left him.
§22.214Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἵκανε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, §22.215ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §22.216νῦν δὴ νῶι ἔολπα Διῒ φίλε φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ §22.217οἴσεσθαι μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιοῖσι προτὶ νῆας §22.218Ἕκτορα δῃώσαντε μάχης ἄατόν περ ἐόντα.
And to the son of Peleus came the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena, and standing near, she spoke winged words to him: "Now indeed, glorious Achilles, dear to Zeus, I hope that we two shall bring great glory to the Achaeans at the ships, having slain Hector, insatiable of battle though he be.
§22.219οὔ οἱ νῦν ἔτι γʼ ἔστι πεφυγμένον ἄμμε γενέσθαι, §22.220οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων §22.221προπροκυλινδόμενος πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.
Now no longer is it possible for him to escape us, not even if Apollo, who works from afar, should suffer ever so much, grovelling before father Zeus who holds the aegis.
§22.222ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν στῆθι καὶ ἄμπνυε, τόνδε δʼ ἐγώ τοι §22.223οἰχομένη πεπιθήσω ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι. §22.224ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, ὃ δʼ ἐπείθετο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ, §22.225στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ μελίης χαλκογλώχινος ἐρεισθείς.
But do you now stand still and take breath, and this man I will go and persuade to fight you face to face." So spoke Athena, and he obeyed, and rejoiced in his heart, and stood leaning upon his bronze-pointed ash spear.
§22.226ἣ δʼ ἄρα τὸν μὲν ἔλειπε, κιχήσατο δʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον §22.227Δηϊφόβῳ ἐϊκυῖα δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν· §22.228ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §22.229ἠθεῖʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς §22.230ἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκων· §22.231ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες. §22.232τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· §22.233Δηΐφοβʼ ἦ μέν μοι τὸ πάρος πολὺ φίλτατος ἦσθα §22.234γνωτῶν οὓς Ἑκάβη ἠδὲ Πρίαμος τέκε παῖδας· §22.235νῦν δʼ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήσασθαι, §22.236ὃς ἔτλης ἐμεῦ εἵνεκʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδες ὀφθαλμοῖσι, §22.237τείχεος ἐξελθεῖν, ἄλλοι δʼ ἔντοσθε μένουσι. §22.238τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· §22.239ἠθεῖʼ ἦ μὲν πολλὰ πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ §22.240λίσσονθʼ ἑξείης γουνούμενοι, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι, §22.241αὖθι μένειν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑποτρομέουσιν ἅπαντες· §22.242ἀλλʼ ἐμὸς ἔνδοθι θυμὸς ἐτείρετο πένθεϊ λυγρῷ.
And she left him, and came upon noble Hector, likening herself to Deiphobus in form and untiring voice; and standing near, she spoke winged words to him: "Dear brother, truly indeed does swift Achilles press you hard, pursuing you with swift feet around the city of Priam; but come, let us stand and defend ourselves, remaining here." To her then spoke great Hector of the flashing helmet: "Deiphobus, surely in the past you were by far the dearest to me of my brothers, whom Hecabe and Priam bore as children; but now still more in my heart I think to honor you, who have dared for my sake, when you saw with your eyes, to come out from the wall, while the others remain within." To him then spoke the goddess, flashing-eyed Athena: "Dear brother, truly indeed did our father and lady mother entreat me in turn, clasping my knees, and around them my companions, to remain there; for so terribly do they all tremble; but my heart within was worn with grievous sorrow.
§22.243νῦν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτε μαχώμεθα, μὴ δέ τι δούρων §22.244ἔστω φειδωλή, ἵνα εἴδομεν εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς §22.245νῶϊ κατακτείνας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρηται §22.246νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἦ κεν σῷ δουρὶ δαμήῃ. §22.247ὣς φαμένη καὶ κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀθήνη· §22.248οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες, §22.249τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· §22.250οὔ σʼ ἔτι Πηλέος υἱὲ φοβήσομαι, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ §22.251τρὶς περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου δίον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔτλην §22.252μεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον· νῦν αὖτέ με θυμὸς ἀνῆκε §22.253στήμεναι ἀντία σεῖο· ἕλοιμί κεν ἤ κεν ἁλοίην.
But now let us fight straight on with eager heart, and let there be no sparing of spears, so that we may know whether Achilles, having slain us two, shall carry our blood-stained spoils to the hollow ships, or whether he shall be vanquished by your spear." So speaking, Athena led the way with guile; and when they indeed were near, coming against one another, to him spoke first great Hector of the flashing helmet: "No longer, son of Peleus, shall I flee before you, as before thrice I fled around the great city of Priam, nor ever did I dare to await your onset; but now again my heart prompts me to stand face to face with you; let me either slay or be slain.
§22.254ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο θεοὺς ἐπιδώμεθα· τοὶ γὰρ ἄριστοι §22.255μάρτυροι ἔσσονται καὶ ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων· §22.256οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ σʼ ἔκπαγλον ἀεικιῶ, αἴ κεν ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς §22.257δώῃ καμμονίην, σὴν δὲ ψυχὴν ἀφέλωμαι· §22.258ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κέ σε συλήσω κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ §22.259νεκρὸν Ἀχαιοῖσιν δώσω πάλιν· ὣς δὲ σὺ ῥέζειν.
But come, let us call the gods to witness here; for they will be the best witnesses and guardians of our covenants; for I will not treat you with terrible outrage, if Zeus grants me endurance, and I take away your life; but when I have stripped you of your glorious armor, Achilles, I will give your corpse back to the Achaeans; and do you do likewise."

Notes

  1. 22.196εἴ πως — A subordinate clause depending on "whenever he made a start" (§22.194), expressing hope or purpose ("in the hope that they might somehow protect him from above with missiles").
  2. 22.202πῶς δέ κεν Ἕκτωρ κῆρας ὑπεξέφυγεν θανάτοιο, εἰ μή — An unfulfilled condition or past potential in past time with the particle κεν and the aorist indicative, introduced by εἰ μή ("if not"). It means "How indeed could Hector have escaped the fates of death, had not Apollo met him...".
  3. 22.216νῶι ἔολπα ... οἴσεσθαι ... Ἕκτορα δῃώσαντε — The verb ἔολπα ("I expect") takes the future infinitive οἴσεσθαι. Since the subject of the infinitive is the same as the speaker and the addressed person, it is expressed in the nominative dual νῶι ("we two") and agreed with the dual participle δῃώσαντε ("having slain").
  4. 22.259ὣς δὲ σὺ ῥέζειν — The infinitive ῥέζειν is used in an imperative sense (infinitivus pro imperativo), with the subject pronoun σὺ retained in the nominative. Hector is urging Achilles to do likewise.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §22.196-22.259. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:22.196-22.259

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