Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §19.212-19.283

Agamemnon's Solemn Oath and Delivery of Gifts

Passage 175 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles insists on fighting immediately while refusing food, but Odysseus persuades him to let the army eat and organizes the reconciliation. Agamemnon swears his solemn oath of Briseis's purity, and the promised gifts are delivered to Achilles' camp.

§19.212κεῖται ἀνὰ πρόθυρον τετραμμένος, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι §19.213μύρονται· τό μοι οὔ τι μετὰ φρεσὶ ταῦτα μέμηλεν, §19.214ἀλλὰ φόνος τε καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἀργαλέος στόνος ἀνδρῶν. §19.215τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· §19.216ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν, §19.217κρείσσων εἰς ἐμέθεν καὶ φέρτερος οὐκ ὀλίγον περ §19.218ἔγχει, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην §19.219πολλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα.
He lies in my hut, turned toward the doorway, and around him his companions weep; therefore these things are in no way a care to my mind, but only slaughter, and blood, and the grievous groans of men." And resourceful Odysseus answered him, saying: "O Achilles, son of Peleus, far the mightiest of the Achaeans, you are stronger than I and mightier not a little with the spear, but I might surpass you in counsel by far, since I was born before you and know more.
§19.220τώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη μύθοισιν ἐμοῖσιν.
Therefore let your heart endure to listen to my words.
§19.221αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν, §19.222ἧς τε πλείστην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν, §19.223ἄμητος δʼ ὀλίγιστος, ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα §19.224Ζεύς, ὅς τʼ ἀνθρώπων ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται.
Quickly does satiety of battle come to men, wherein the bronze sheds the most straw upon the earth, but the harvest is smallest when Zeus inclines his scales, Zeus, who is established as the dispenser of battle to men.
§19.225γαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι νέκυν πενθῆσαι Ἀχαιούς· §19.226λίην γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπήτριμοι ἤματα πάντα §19.227πίπτουσιν· πότε κέν τις ἀναπνεύσειε πόνοιο;
It is in no way possible for the Achaeans to mourn a corpse with the belly; for too many and in heaps do they fall every day; when then could one find respite from labor?
§19.228ἀλλὰ χρὴ τὸν μὲν καταθάπτειν ὅς κε θάνῃσι §19.229νηλέα θυμὸν ἔχοντας ἐπʼ ἤματι δακρύσαντας· §19.230ὅσσοι δʼ ἂν πολέμοιο περὶ στυγεροῖο λίπωνται §19.231μεμνῆσθαι πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον §19.232ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι μαχώμεθα νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ §19.233ἑσσάμενοι χροῒ χαλκὸν ἀτειρέα.
Rather, we must bury him who dies, keeping a relentless heart, having wept for a day; and all those who are left over from hateful war must remember drink and food, so that we may still more fight the enemy men ever without ceasing, having clad our bodies in unwearied bronze.
μηδέ τις ἄλλην §19.234λαῶν ὀτρυντὺν ποτιδέγμενος ἰσχαναάσθω· §19.235ἥδε γὰρ ὀτρυντὺς κακὸν ἔσσεται ὅς κε λίπηται §19.236νηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων· ἀλλʼ ἀθρόοι ὁρμηθέντες §19.237Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. §19.238ἦ, καὶ Νέστορος υἷας ὀπάσσατο κυδαλίμοιο §19.239Φυλεΐδην τε Μέγητα Θόαντά τε Μηριόνην τε §19.240καὶ Κρειοντιάδην Λυκομήδεα καὶ Μελάνιππον· §19.241βὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.
And let no one of the host hold back waiting for another summons; for this summons will be an evil thing for whoever is left behind at the ships of the Argives; but rushing forth in a body against the horse-taming Trojans let us rouse fierce war." He spoke, and took with him the sons of glorious Nestor, and Meges son of Phyleus, and Thoas, and Meriones, and Lycomedes son of Creon, and Melanippus; and they went on their way to the hut of Agamemnon, son of Atreus.
§19.242αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον· §19.243ἑπτὰ μὲν ἐκ κλισίης τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη, §19.244αἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους· §19.245ἐκ δʼ ἄγον αἶψα γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας §19.246ἕπτʼ, ἀτὰρ ὀγδοάτην Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον.
Forthwith, as the word was spoken, so was the deed accomplished; they brought from the hut seven tripods, which he had promised, and twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve horses; and they led out quickly seven women skilled in faultless handiwork, and the eighth was fair-cheeked Briseis.
§19.247χρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας Ὀδυσεὺς δέκα πάντα τάλαντα §19.248ἦρχʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι δῶρα φέρον κούρητες Ἀχαιῶν.
And Odysseus weighed ten full talents of gold and led the way, and with him the other young men of the Achaeans carried the gifts.
§19.249καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃ ἀγορῇ θέσαν, ἂν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων §19.250ἵστατο· Ταλθύβιος δὲ θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδὴν §19.251κάπρον ἔχων ἐν χερσὶ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν.
These they placed in the midst of the assembly, and Agamemnon stood up; and Talthybius, whose voice was like a god's, holding a boar in his hands, stood beside the shepherd of the host.
§19.252Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν, §19.253ἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο, §19.254κάπρου ἀπὸ τρίχας ἀρξάμενος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν §19.255εὔχετο· τοὶ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτόφιν εἵατο σιγῇ §19.256Ἀργεῖοι κατὰ μοῖραν ἀκούοντες βασιλῆος.
And the son of Atreus drew with his hands the knife which always hung beside the great sheath of his sword, and cutting the first hairs from the boar, he lifted up his hands to Zeus and prayed; and all the Argives sat there in silence in due order, listening to the king.
§19.257εὐξάμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν· §19.258ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος §19.259Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες, αἵ θʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν §19.260ἀνθρώπους τίνυνται, ὅτις κʼ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ, §19.261μὴ μὲν ἐγὼ κούρῃ Βρισηΐδι χεῖρʼ ἐπένεικα, §19.262οὔτʼ εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος οὔτέ τευ ἄλλου.
And he prayed, looking up into the wide heaven: "Let Zeus now be my witness, first of gods, highest and best, and Earth, and Sun, and the Erinyes, who beneath the earth punish men, whoever swears a false oath, that I never laid hand upon the girl Briseis, neither seeking her bed nor for any other reason.
§19.263ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀπροτίμαστος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν.
But she remained untouched in my huts.
§19.264εἰ δέ τι τῶνδʼ ἐπίορκον ἐμοὶ θεοὶ ἄλγεα δοῖεν §19.265πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα διδοῦσιν ὅτίς σφʼ ἀλίτηται ὀμόσσας. §19.266ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στόμαχον κάπρου τάμε νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.
And if any of these oaths be false, may the gods give me many pains, even as many as they give to whoever sins against them in swearing." He spoke, and cut the throat of the boar with the pitiless bronze.
§19.267τὸν μὲν Ταλθύβιος πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐς μέγα λαῖτμα §19.268ῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας βόσιν ἰχθύσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς §19.269ἀνστὰς Ἀργείοισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα· §19.270Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ μεγάλας ἄτας ἄνδρεσσι διδοῖσθα· §19.271οὐκ ἂν δή ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν §19.272Ἀτρεΐδης ὤρινε διαμπερές, οὐδέ κε κούρην §19.273ἦγεν ἐμεῦ ἀέκοντος ἀμήχανος· ἀλλά ποθι Ζεὺς §19.274ἤθελʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν θάνατον πολέεσσι γενέσθαι.
And Talthybius whirled it and threw it into the great gulf of the grey sea to be food for the fishes; but Achilles stood up and spoke among the war-loving Argives: "Father Zeus, truly great are the delusions you give to men; never would the son of Atreus have utterly aroused the anger in my breast, nor would he have led away the girl against my will, helpless as he is; but somehow Zeus willed that death should come upon many of the Achaeans.
§19.275νῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα. §19.276ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, λῦσεν δʼ ἀγορὴν αἰψηρήν.
But now go to your meal, so that we may join battle." So he spoke, and dismissed the assembly quickly.
§19.277οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος, §19.278δῶρα δὲ Μυρμιδόνες μεγαλήτορες ἀμφεπένοντο, §19.279βὰν δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα φέροντες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο.
Then they scattered, each to his own ship, and the great-hearted Myrmidons busied themselves with the gifts, and went bearing them to the ship of godlike Achilles.
§19.280καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι θέσαν, κάθισαν δὲ γυναῖκας, §19.281ἵππους δʼ εἰς ἀγέλην ἔλασαν θεράποντες ἀγαυοί.
These they placed in the huts, and seated the women, and noble squires drove the horses to the herd.
§19.282Βρισηῒς δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτʼ ἰκέλη χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ §19.283ὡς ἴδε Πάτροκλον δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,
And Briseis, like unto golden Aphrodite, when she saw Patroclus mangled by the sharp bronze,

Notes

  1. §19.212τετραμμένος — Perfect passive participle, referring to the traditional funeral custom where the dead body was laid out in the vestibule with feet pointing toward the door.
  2. §19.218σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην — The optative προβαλοίμην with the particle κε expresses potentiality ("I might surpass"). σεῖο is a genitive of comparison depending on the verb προβάλλεσθαι (to surpass), and νοήματι is a dative of respect ("in counsel/thought").
  3. §19.222ἧς τε πλείστην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν — The genitive relative pronoun ἧς refers to the antecedent φυλόπιδος (battle). This sentence uses an agricultural metaphor of harvest, comparing battle to a field where the bronze cuts down much straw (corpses) but the actual harvest is tiny.
  4. §19.225γαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι — ἔστι is impersonal, meaning "it is possible." Ἀχαιούς is the accusative subject of the infinitive πενθῆσαι. γαστέρι is a dative of means or manner ("with the belly," i.e., by fasting).
  5. §19.262οὔτʼ εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος — κεχρημένος is the perfect participle of χράομαι (to desire, need, use), which takes the genitive εὐνῆς (bed). πρόφασιν is an adverbial accusative meaning "as a pretext" or "by reason of."

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §19.212-19.283. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:19.212-19.283

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