Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §16.223-16.295

Achilles' Prayer to Zeus and Patroclus's Charge

Passage 143 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles prays to Zeus for Patroclus's glory and safe return, but Zeus grants only the former. The Myrmidons, led by Patroclus, pour onto the battlefield like wasps, driving back the Trojans.

§16.223θῆκʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγεσθαι ἐῢ πλήσασα χιτώνων §16.224χλαινάων τʼ ἀνεμοσκεπέων οὔλων τε ταπήτων.
which she had placed on his ship to be carried, having well filled it with tunics, cloaks to keep off the wind, and thick rugs.
§16.225ἔνθα δέ οἱ δέπας ἔσκε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος §16.226οὔτʼ ἀνδρῶν πίνεσκεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἴθοπα οἶνον, §16.227οὔτέ τεῳ σπένδεσκε θεῶν, ὅτε μὴ Διὶ πατρί.
And inside it he had a well-wrought cup, from which no other of men was wont to drink the gleaming wine, nor did he pour libations from it to any of the gods, except to father Zeus.
§16.228τό ῥα τότʼ ἐκ χηλοῖο λαβὼν ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ §16.229πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δʼ ἔνιψʼ ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι, §16.230νίψατο δʼ αὐτὸς χεῖρας, ἀφύσσατο δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον.
This he then took from the chest and cleansed first with sulfur, and next washed it in beautiful streams of water, and he washed his own hands, and drew the gleaming wine.
§16.231εὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον §16.232οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών· Δία δʼ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον· §16.233Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων §16.234Δωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ §16.235σοὶ ναίουσʼ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι, §16.236ἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο, §16.237τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, §16.238ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ· §16.239αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι, §16.240ἀλλʼ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι §16.241μάρνασθαι· τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ, §16.242θάρσυνον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ §16.243εἴσεται ἤ ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται πολεμίζειν §16.244ἡμέτερος θεράπων, ἦ οἱ τότε χεῖρες ἄαπτοι §16.245μαίνονθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐγώ περ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος.
Then standing in the midst of the courtyard he prayed, and poured the wine, looking up to heaven; and he did not escape the notice of Zeus who hurls the thunderbolt: "Lord Zeus of Dodona, Pelasgian, dwelling afar, ruling over harsh-wintered Dodona, and around you the Selli dwell, your interpreters, with unwashed feet, sleeping on the ground, surely once before you heard my word when I prayed, and you honored me, but greatly afflicted the host of the Achaeans, so now also fulfill for me this wish: for I myself will remain in the gathering of the ships, but my companion I am sending with many Myrmidons to fight; send glory with him, far-sounding Zeus, and make bold the heart within his breast, so that even Hector may know whether our squire knows how to fight even alone, or whether his hands, unconquerable till now, rage only then, whenever I go into the turmoil of Ares.
§16.246αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται, §16.247ἀσκηθής μοι ἔπειτα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκοιτο §16.248τεύχεσί τε ξὺν πᾶσι καὶ ἀγχεμάχοις ἑτάροισιν. §16.249ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεύς.
But when he has driven the battle and the clamor from the ships, unharmed then let him come to the swift ships, with all his armor and his close-fighting companions." So he spoke praying, and wise Zeus heard him.
§16.250τῷ δʼ ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε· §16.251νηῶν μέν οἱ ἀπώσασθαι πόλεμόν τε μάχην τε §16.252δῶκε, σόον δʼ ἀνένευσε μάχης ἐξαπονέεσθαι.
One thing the father granted him, but the other he denied: to drive the war and the battle from the ships he granted, but to return safe from the battle he denied.
§16.253ἤτοι ὃ μὲν σπείσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ §16.254ἂψ κλισίην εἰσῆλθε, δέπας δʼ ἀπέθηκʼ ἐνὶ χηλῷ, §16.255στῆ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθὼν κλισίης, ἔτι δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ §16.256εἰσιδέειν Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπιν αἰνήν.
Now when he had poured libations and prayed to father Zeus, he went back into his hut, and put the cup away in the chest, and came and stood in front of the hut, and still desired in his heart to behold the terrible battle of Trojans and Achaeans.
§16.257οἳ δʼ ἅμα Πατρόκλῳ μεγαλήτορι θωρηχθέντες §16.258ἔστιχον, ὄφρʼ ἐν Τρωσὶ μέγα φρονέοντες ὄρουσαν.
And they, armed together with great-hearted Patroclus, marched, until they rushed with high spirits among the Trojans.
§16.259αὐτίκα δὲ σφήκεσσιν ἐοικότες ἐξεχέοντο §16.260εἰνοδίοις, οὓς παῖδες ἐριδμαίνωσιν ἔθοντες §16.261αἰεὶ κερτομέοντες ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντας §16.262νηπίαχοι· ξυνὸν δὲ κακὸν πολέεσσι τιθεῖσι.
And straightway they poured forth like wasps by the wayside, which boys are wont to vex, always teasing them as they have their nests by the road, foolish children; and they make a common evil for many.
§16.263τοὺς δʼ εἴ περ παρά τίς τε κιὼν ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης §16.264κινήσῃ ἀέκων, οἳ δʼ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες §16.265πρόσσω πᾶς πέτεται καὶ ἀμύνει οἷσι τέκεσσι.
And if some passing traveler stirs them unwillingly, they, having a brave heart, all fly forward and defend their young.
§16.266τῶν τότε Μυρμιδόνες κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες §16.267ἐκ νηῶν ἐχέοντο· βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.
With their heart and spirit then the Myrmidons poured out from the ships; and an unquenchable cry arose.
§16.268Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· §16.269Μυρμιδόνες ἕταροι Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος §16.270ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, §16.271ὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος §16.272Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες, §16.273γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων §16.274ἣν ἄτην, ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν. §16.275ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου, §16.276ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον Τρώεσσιν ἀολλέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες §16.277σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.
And Patroclus called to his companions, shouting far: "Myrmidons, companions of Achilles, son of Peleus, be men, my friends, and remember furious courage, so that we may win honor for the son of Peleus, who is by far the best of the Argives by the ships, and his close-fighting squires, and that the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, may know his madness, in that he honored not at all the best of the Achaeans." So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit of each man, and they fell upon the Trojans in a body; and around them the ships echoed terribly under the shouting Achaeans.
§16.278Τρῶες δʼ ὡς εἴδοντο Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν §16.279αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι μαρμαίροντας, §16.280πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός, ἐκίνηθεν δὲ φάλαγγες §16.281ἐλπόμενοι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα §16.282μηνιθμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι, φιλότητα δʼ ἑλέσθαι· §16.283πάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.
And the Trojans, when they saw the brave son of Menoetius, himself and his squire gleaming in their armor, the heart of all was dismayed, and their phalanxes were shaken, thinking that by the ships the swift-footed son of Peleus had cast away his wrath and chosen friendship; each man looked about to see where he might escape sheer destruction.
§16.284Πάτροκλος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ §16.285ἀντικρὺ κατὰ μέσσον, ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο, §16.286νηῒ πάρα πρυμνῇ μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου, §16.287καὶ βάλε Πυραίχμην, ὃς Παίονας ἱπποκορυστὰς §16.288ἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος· §16.289τὸν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι §16.290κάππεσεν οἰμώξας, ἕταροι δέ μιν ἀμφεφόβηθεν §16.291Παίονες· ἐν γὰρ Πάτροκλος φόβον ἧκεν ἅπασιν §16.292ἡγεμόνα κτείνας, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.
And Patroclus first cast his gleaming spear straight into the midst, where the most were in confusion, beside the stern of the ship of great-hearted Protesilaus, and struck Pyraechmes, who led the Paeonian horsemen from Amydon, from the wide-flowing Axius; him he struck on the right shoulder; and he back into the dust fell groaning, and his companions were thrown into panic around him, the Paeonians; for Patroclus sent panic among them all by killing their leader, who was the best at fighting.
§16.293ἐκ νηῶν δʼ ἔλασεν, κατὰ δʼ ἔσβεσεν αἰθόμενον πῦρ.
And he drove them from the ships, and quenched the blazing fire.
§16.294ἡμιδαὴς δʼ ἄρα νηῦς λίπετʼ αὐτόθι· τοὶ δὲ φόβηθεν §16.295Τρῶες θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ· Δαναοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο
And the half-burnt ship was left there; and they fled, the Trojans, with a wondrous din; and the Danaans poured in.

Notes

  1. 16.227ὅτε μὴ — The idiom ὅτε μὴ (literally 'when not') functions as a conditional particle meaning 'except' or 'save only'. Here it specifies 'except to father Zeus'.
  2. 16.243ἤ ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται... ἦ οἱ τότε... — The correlative particles ἤ... ἦ... introduce an indirect double question depending on the main verb εἴσεται ('will know'), meaning 'whether... or whether...'.
  3. 16.250ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε — The pronoun ἕτερον ('the one... the other') is contrasted by μὲν... δέ..., and the subsequent infinitives in lines 251–252 (ἀπώσασθαι and ἐξαπονέεσθαι) stand in apposition to explain what was granted and what was denied.
  4. 16.271ὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν — The conjunction ὡς ἂν followed by the future indicative (or aorist subjunctive in some manuscript traditions) forms a purpose clause meaning 'so that we may honor the son of Peleus'.
  5. 16.273γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης... ἣν ἄτην — The clause introduced by the possessive relative pronoun ἣν ('his own [madness]') functions as the direct object of the verb γνῷ ('may know'), completing the second goal of Patroclus's exhortation.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §16.223-16.295. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.223-16.295

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.