Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §16.296-16.368

Quenching the Fires and the Rout of the Trojans

Passage 144 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Under the fierce onslaught of the Achaean forces led by Patroclus, the fire on the ships is extinguished and the Trojans begin their retreat. The Achaean leaders slay several Trojan commanders, and Hector is forced to flee, leaving his army in chaotic rout.

§16.296νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· ὅμαδος δʼ ἀλίαστος ἐτύχθη.
through the hollow ships; and an unyielding din arose.
§16.297ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλῆς κορυφῆς ὄρεος μεγάλοιο §16.298κινήσῃ πυκινὴν νεφέλην στεροπηγερέτα Ζεύς, §16.299ἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι §16.300καὶ νάπαι, οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ, §16.301ὣς Δαναοὶ νηῶν μὲν ἀπωσάμενοι δήϊον πῦρ §16.302τυτθὸν ἀνέπνευσαν, πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή· §16.303οὐ γάρ πώ τι Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν §16.304προτροπάδην φοβέοντο μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν, §16.305ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρʼ ἀνθίσταντο, νεῶν δʼ ὑπόεικον ἀνάγκῃ.
And as when from the high crest of a great mountain Zeus who gathers the lightning moves a thick cloud, and all the lookouts and sharp peaks and glens appear, and the infinite air breaks open from heaven, so the Danaans, having driven the hostile fire from the ships, breathed for a little while, but there was no respite from war; for the Trojans were not yet in headlong flight from the black ships by the hands of the warlike Achaeans, but still they made a stand, and retreated from the ships only under necessity.
§16.306ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης §16.307ἡγεμόνων.
There then man slew man as the fight was scattered of the leaders.
πρῶτος δὲ Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς §16.308αὐτίκʼ ἄρα στρεφθέντος Ἀρηϊλύκου βάλε μηρὸν §16.309ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε· §16.310ῥῆξεν δʼ ὀστέον ἔγχος, ὃ δὲ πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ §16.311κάππεσʼ· ἀτὰρ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος οὖτα Θόαντα §16.312στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.
First the brave son of Menoetius, straightway struck the thigh of Areilycus as he turned, with his sharp spear, and drove the bronze clean through; and the spear shattered the bone, and he fell headlong on the earth; but warlike Menelaus wounded Thoas on the breast where it was left bare beside the shield, and loosed his limbs.
§16.313Φυλεΐδης δʼ Ἄμφικλον ἐφορμηθέντα δοκεύσας §16.314ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος, ἔνθα πάχιστος §16.315μυὼν ἀνθρώπου πέλεται· περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ §16.316νεῦρα διεσχίσθη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.
And the son of Phyleus, watching Amphiclus as he rushed upon him, anticipated him by stabbing him on the base of the leg, where the muscle of a man is thickest; and around the spear-point the sinews were torn asunder; and darkness covered his eyes.
§16.317Νεστορίδαι δʼ ὃ μὲν οὔτασʼ Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ §16.318Ἀντίλοχος, λαπάρης δὲ διήλασε χάλκεον ἔγχος· §16.319ἤριπε δὲ προπάροιθε.
Then of the sons of Nestor, the one, Antilochus, stabbed Atymnius with his sharp spear, and drove the bronze spear through his flank; and he fell before him.
Μάρις δʼ αὐτοσχεδὰ δουρὶ §16.320Ἀντιλόχῳ ἐπόρουσε κασιγνήτοιο χολωθεὶς §16.321στὰς πρόσθεν νέκυος· τοῦ δʼ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης §16.322ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρὶν οὐτάσαι, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, §16.323ὦμον ἄφαρ· πρυμνὸν δὲ βραχίονα δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ §16.324δρύψʼ ἀπὸ μυώνων, ἀπὸ δʼ ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε· §16.325δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, κατὰ δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.
But Maris rushed hand-to-hand with his spear upon Antilochus, angered for his brother's sake, and stood before the corpse; but godlike Thrasymedes anticipated him before he could wound, and missed not, but struck his shoulder; and the spear-point ripped the upper arm from the muscles, and shattered the bone utterly; and he fell with a thud, and darkness covered his eyes.
§16.326ὣς τὼ μὲν δοιοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι δαμέντε §16.327βήτην εἰς Ἔρεβος Σαρπηδόνος ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι §16.328υἷες ἀκοντισταὶ Ἀμισωδάρου, ὅς ῥα Χίμαιραν §16.329θρέψεν ἀμαιμακέτην πολέσιν κακὸν ἀνθρώποισιν.
So these two, vanquished by two brothers, went to Erebus, noble companions of Sarpedon, the spear-throwing sons of Amisodarus, who reared the unconquerable Chimaera, a bane to many men.
§16.330Αἴας δὲ Κλεόβουλον Ὀϊλιάδης ἐπορούσας §16.331ζωὸν ἕλε βλαφθέντα κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι §16.332λῦσε μένος πλήξας ξίφει αὐχένα κωπήεντι.
And Ajax, son of Oileus, rushing upon Cleobulus, took him alive, embarrassed in the throng; but even there he loosed his strength, striking his neck with his hilted sword.
§16.333πᾶν δʼ ὑπεθερμάνθη ξίφος αἵματι· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε §16.334ἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.
And all the sword was warmed with blood; and down over his eyes purple death and strong fate seized him.
§16.335Πηνέλεως δὲ Λύκων τε συνέδραμον· ἔγχεσι μὲν γὰρ §16.336ἤμβροτον ἀλλήλων, μέλεον δʼ ἠκόντισαν ἄμφω· §16.337τὼ δʼ αὖτις ξιφέεσσι συνέδραμον.
And Peneleos and Lycon ran together; for with their spears they had missed each other, and both had cast in vain; so they ran together again with their swords.
ἔνθα Λύκων μὲν §16.338ἱπποκόμου κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ καυλὸν §16.339φάσγανον ἐρραίσθη· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ οὔατος αὐχένα θεῖνε §16.340Πηνέλεως, πᾶν δʼ εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος, ἔσχεθε δʼ οἶον §16.341δέρμα, παρηέρθη δὲ κάρη, ὑπέλυντο δὲ γυῖα.
Then Lycon struck the horn of the horse-hair crested helmet, but around the hilt his sword was shattered; and Peneleos struck his neck beneath the ear, and all the sword sank within, and only the skin held it, and the head hung to one side, and his limbs were loosed.
§16.342Μηριόνης δʼ Ἀκάμαντα κιχεὶς ποσὶ καρπαλίμοισι §16.343νύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον· §16.344ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς.
And Meriones, overtaking Acamas with swift feet, stabbed him on the right shoulder as he was mounting his chariot; and he fell from his chariot, and mist was poured over his eyes.
§16.345Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ Ἐρύμαντα κατὰ στόμα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ §16.346νύξε· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε §16.347νέρθεν ὑπʼ ἐγκεφάλοιο, κέασσε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέα λευκά· §16.348ἐκ δʼ ἐτίναχθεν ὀδόντες, ἐνέπλησθεν δέ οἱ ἄμφω §16.349αἵματος ὀφθαλμοί· τὸ δʼ ἀνὰ στόμα καὶ κατὰ ῥῖνας §16.350πρῆσε χανών· θανάτου δὲ μέλαν νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν.
And Idomeneus stabbed Erymas on the mouth with the pitiless bronze; and the bronze spear passed clean through beneath the brain, and shattered the white bones; and his teeth were dashed out, and both his eyes were filled with blood; and through his mouth and nostrils he blew blood gasping; and a black cloud of death enfolded him.
§16.351οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν ἕλον ἄνδρα ἕκαστος.
These leaders of the Danaans then slew each his man.
§16.352ὡς δὲ λύκοι ἄρνεσσιν ἐπέχραον ἢ ἐρίφοισι §16.353σίνται ὑπʼ ἐκ μήλων αἱρεύμενοι, αἵ τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι §16.354ποιμένος ἀφραδίῃσι διέτμαγεν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες §16.355αἶψα διαρπάζουσιν ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐχούσας· §16.356ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐπέχραον· οἳ δὲ φόβοιο §16.357δυσκελάδου μνήσαντο, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.
And as ravening wolves fall upon lambs or kids, choosing them from the flocks, which in the mountains are scattered by the folly of the shepherd; and they, seeing them, straightway snatch them away because they have a helpless heart; so the Danaans fell upon the Trojans; and they remembered clamorous flight, and forgot their furious courage.
§16.358Αἴας δʼ ὃ μέγας αἰὲν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ §16.359ἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι· ὃ δὲ ἰδρείῃ πολέμοιο §16.360ἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος εὐρέας ὤμους §16.361σκέπτετʼ ὀϊστῶν τε ῥοῖζον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκόντων.
And great Ajax was ever aiming at copper-helmed Hector to cast his spear; but he, with his knowledge of war, covering his broad shoulders with his shield of bull's hide, watched the whizzing of arrows and the crash of spears.
§16.362ἦ μὲν δὴ γίγνωσκε μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην· §16.363ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἀνέμιμνε, σάω δʼ ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους.
Surely he knew the shifting victory of the battle; yet even so he remained, and saved his trusty companions.
§16.364ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπʼ Οὐλύμπου νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω §16.365αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ, §16.366ὣς τῶν ἐκ νηῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε, §16.367οὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν πέραον πάλιν.
And as when a cloud comes from Olympus into heaven from the bright air, when Zeus stretches out a tempest, so from the ships arose the shouting and panic of them, and they crossed back not in order.
Ἕκτορα δʼ ἵπποι §16.368ἔκφερον ὠκύποδες σὺν τεύχεσι, λεῖπε δὲ λαὸν
And his swift-footed horses carried Hector out with his armor, and he left the Trojan host,

Notes

  1. 16.297-300ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ... ὣς ... — A simile illustrating the clearing of clouds from a mountaintop to reveal the bright sky. The verb `κινήσῃ` is a subjunctive (aorist), which is standard in epic similes introduced by `ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ` + subjunctive to denote a general or repeated action.
  2. 16.306κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης — A genitive absolute construction, consisting of the feminine singular genitive noun `ὑσμίνη` and the aorist passive participle `κεδασθείσης`. It describes the background circumstance ("when the battle was scattered") independent of the subject or object of the main clause.
  3. 16.326δαμέντε — The masculine dual nominative of the aorist passive participle from `δάμνημι`. It refers directly to the "two" brothers, Maris and Atymnius, who were slain, showcasing the use of the dual number in Epic Greek.
  4. 16.340ἔσχεθε δʼ οἶον δέρμα — The verb `ἔσχεθε` (an epic/poetic extension of `ἔχω`) here means "to hold or keep back." The subject is the neuter `δέρμα` (skin), literally meaning "only the skin held [the head]," graphically describing how the head was nearly severed, hanging only by a piece of skin.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §16.296-16.368. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.296-16.368

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