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Homer · Iliad §14.77-14.147

Odysseus' Rebuke and Poseidon's Encouragement

Passage 123 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Agamemnon's proposal to retreat is fiercely opposed by Odysseus, and Diomedes suggests instead that they return to the battle, despite their wounds, to encourage the troops. As they march, Poseidon, disguised as an old man, reassures Agamemnon of eventual victory.

§14.77ὕψι δʼ ἐπʼ εὐνάων ὁρμίσσομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ §14.78νὺξ ἀβρότη, ἢν καὶ τῇ ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο §14.79Τρῶες· ἔπειτα δέ κεν ἐρυσαίμεθα νῆας ἁπάσας.
and let us moor them high on their anchor-stones, until there comes immortal night, if even then the Trojans will refrain from battle; and then we might drag down all the rest of the ships.
§14.80οὐ γάρ τις νέμεσις φυγέειν κακόν, οὐδʼ ἀνὰ νύκτα.
For there is no shame in fleeing from ruin, even by night.
§14.81βέλτερον ὃς φεύγων προφύγῃ κακὸν ἠὲ ἁλώῃ. §14.82τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· §14.83Ἀτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων·
Better it is if one escapes ruin by fleeing than if he be taken." Then looking at him grimly, wise Odysseus addressed him: "Son of Atreus, what a word has escaped the barrier of thy teeth!
§14.84οὐλόμενʼ αἴθʼ ὤφελλες ἀεικελίου στρατοῦ ἄλλου §14.85σημαίνειν, μὴ δʼ ἄμμιν ἀνασσέμεν, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς §14.86ἐκ νεότητος ἔδωκε καὶ ἐς γῆρας τολυπεύειν §14.87ἀργαλέους πολέμους, ὄφρα φθιόμεσθα ἕκαστος.
Doomed man, would that thou wert commanding some other, inglorious army, and not ruling over us, to whom Zeus has given, from youth even unto old age, to wind the skein of grievous wars, until we perish, every one of us.
§14.88οὕτω δὴ μέμονας Τρώων πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν §14.89καλλείψειν, ἧς εἵνεκʼ ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά;
Art thou indeed so minded to leave the broad-wayed city of the Trojans, for the sake of which we suffer so many woes?
§14.90σίγα, μή τίς τʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ §14.91μῦθον, ὃν οὔ κεν ἀνήρ γε διὰ στόμα πάμπαν ἄγοιτο §14.92ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν §14.93σκηπτοῦχός τʼ εἴη, καί οἱ πειθοίατο λαοὶ §14.94τοσσοίδʼ ὅσσοισιν σὺ μετʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσεις·
Be silent, lest some other of the Achaeans hear this word, which no man should let pass through his mouth at all, whosoever knows in his mind how to speak fit words, and is a sceptred king, and whom people obey in numbers as great as those over whom thou rulest among the Argives.
§14.95νῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας, οἷον ἔειπες· §14.96ὃς κέλεαι πολέμοιο συνεσταότος καὶ ἀϋτῆς §14.97νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον §14.98Τρωσὶ μὲν εὐκτὰ γένηται ἐπικρατέουσί περ ἔμπης, §14.99ἡμῖν δʼ αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ἐπιρρέπῃ.
But now I utterly despise thy judgment, that thou hast spoken thus, seeing thou biddest us, while the battle is joined and the cry of war is raised, to drag our well-benched ships to the sea, that so even more than before the Trojans may have their desire, triumphant though they be already, and on us sheer destruction may fall.
οὐ γὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ §14.100σχήσουσιν πόλεμον νηῶν ἅλα δʼ ἑλκομενάων, §14.101ἀλλʼ ἀποπαπτανέουσιν, ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης.
For the Achaeans will not maintain the battle while the ships are being dragged to the sea, but will look about them and shrink from the fight.
§14.102ἔνθά κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται ὄρχαμε λαῶν. §14.103τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· §14.104ὦ Ὀδυσεῦ μάλα πώς με καθίκεο θυμὸν ἐνιπῇ §14.105ἀργαλέῃ· ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν ἐγὼν ἀέκοντας ἄνωγα §14.106νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.
There will thy counsel prove a ruin, leader of the host." Then made answer Agamemnon, king of men: "Odysseus, in good truth thou hast stung my heart with thy harsh rebuke; yet I command not the sons of the Achaeans against their will to drag the well-benched ships to the sea.
§14.107νῦν δʼ εἴη ὃς τῆσδέ γʼ ἀμείνονα μῆτιν ἐνίσποι §14.108ἢ νέος ἠὲ παλαιός· ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη. §14.109τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· §14.110ἐγγὺς ἀνήρ· οὐ δηθὰ ματεύσομεν· αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε §14.111πείθεσθαι, καὶ μή τι κότῳ ἀγάσησθε ἕκαστος §14.112οὕνεκα δὴ γενεῆφι νεώτατός εἰμι μεθʼ ὑμῖν· §14.113πατρὸς δʼ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι §14.114Τυδέος, ὃν Θήβῃσι χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτει.
But now would there were one who would speak a better counsel than this, whether he be young or old; right welcome would it be to me." Then among them spoke Diomedes, good at the war-cry: "The man is near; we shall not seek long, if you are minded to obey, and be not each of you filled with resentment and anger because in birth I am the youngest among you; for I, too, boast that I am by lineage from a noble father, even Tydeus, whom in Thebes the heaped-up earth covers.
§14.115πορθεῖ γὰρ τρεῖς παῖδες ἀμύμονες ἐξεγένοντο, §14.116οἴκεον δʼ ἐν Πλευρῶνι καὶ αἰπεινῇ Καλυδῶνι §14.117Ἄγριος ἠδὲ Μέλας, τρίτατος δʼ ἦν ἱππότα Οἰνεὺς §14.118πατρὸς ἐμοῖο πατήρ· ἀρετῇ δʼ ἦν ἔξοχος αὐτῶν.
For to Portheus were born three comely sons, and they dwelt in Pleuron and steep Calydon, Agrius and Melas, and the third was the horseman Oeneus, who was my father's father; and in valour he was pre-eminent among them.
§14.119ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν αὐτόθι μεῖνε, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς Ἄργεϊ νάσθη §14.120πλαγχθείς· ὡς γάρ που Ζεὺς ἤθελε καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι.
He indeed remained there, but my father wandered and settled in Argos; for so, I ween, was the will of Zeus and the other gods.
§14.121Ἀδρήστοιο δʼ ἔγημε θυγατρῶν, ναῖε δὲ δῶμα §14.122ἀφνειὸν βιότοιο, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι §14.123πυροφόροι, πολλοὶ δὲ φυτῶν ἔσαν ὄρχατοι ἀμφίς, §14.124πολλὰ δέ οἱ πρόβατʼ ἔσκε· κέκαστο δὲ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς §14.125ἐγχείῃ·
And he wedded one of the daughters of Adrastus, and dwelt in a house rich in substance, and of wheat-bearing land he had enough, and many orchards of trees round about, and sheep had he in plenty; and with the spear he surpassed all the Achaeans.
τὰ δὲ μέλλετʼ ἀκουέμεν, εἰ ἐτεόν περ.
Of these things you must have heard, if indeed it is true.
§14.126τὼ οὐκ ἄν με γένος γε κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φάντες §14.127μῦθον ἀτιμήσαιτε πεφασμένον ὅν κʼ ἐῢ εἴπω.
Therefore, you cannot say that I am base and weak by lineage, and so despise my spoken counsel, if I speak well.
§14.128δεῦτʼ ἴομεν πόλεμον δὲ καὶ οὐτάμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ.
Come, let us go into the battle, wounded though we be, since we must.
§14.129ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος §14.130ἐκ βελέων, μή πού τις ἐφʼ ἕλκεϊ ἕλκος ἄρηται· §14.131ἄλλους δʼ ὀτρύνοντες ἐνήσομεν, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ §14.132θυμῷ ἦρα φέροντες ἀφεστᾶσʼ οὐδὲ μάχονται. §14.133ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο· §14.134βὰν δʼ ἴμεν, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.
There let us hold ourselves back from the fight, out of range of missiles, lest any of us receive wound upon wound; and others we will urge on and send into battle, even they that heretofore have yielded to their temper and stand aloof, and fight not." So he spoke, and they readily heard him and obeyed; and they set out to go, and Agamemnon, king of men, led them.
§14.135οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος, §14.136ἀλλὰ μετʼ αὐτοὺς ἦλθε παλαιῷ φωτὶ ἐοικώς, §14.137δεξιτερὴν δʼ ἕλε χεῖρʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο, §14.138καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §14.139Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν δή που Ἀχιλλῆος ὀλοὸν κῆρ §14.140γηθεῖ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φόνον καὶ φύζαν Ἀχαιῶν §14.141δερκομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί.
And the famed Shaker of Earth kept no blind watch, but went after them in the likeness of an old man, and he took Agamemnon, son of Atreus, by the right hand, and spoke and addressed him with winged words: "Son of Atreus, now in truth, I ween, does the baneful heart of Achilles rejoice in his breast as he beholds the slaughter and rout of the Achaeans, since he has no understanding, no, not a whit.
§14.142ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλοιτο, θεὸς δέ ἑ σιφλώσειε· §14.143σοὶ δʼ οὔ πω μάλα πάγχυ θεοὶ μάκαρες κοτέουσιν, §14.144ἀλλʼ ἔτι που Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες §14.145εὐρὺ κονίσουσιν πεδίον, σὺ δʼ ἐπόψεαι αὐτὸς §14.146φεύγοντας προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων. §14.147ὣς εἰπὼν μέγʼ ἄϋσεν ἐπεσσύμενος πεδίοιο.
But as for him, so may he perish, and may a god bring him low; but with thee the blessed gods are not yet utterly wroth, but still, I ween, shall the leaders and rulers of the Trojans fill the wide plain with dust, and thyself shalt behold them fleeing to the city from the ships and huts." So saying, he shouted aloud as he rushed over the plain.

Notes

  1. 14.84οὐλόμενʼ αἴθʼ ὤφελλες ... σημαίνειν — The combination of αἴθε (αἴθʼ) with the past indicative (ὤφελλες) expresses an unattainable wish ("would that you had..."). The word οὐλόμενʼ is the elided vocative form of οὐλόμενος ("doomed, accursed"). The infinitive σημαίνειν governs the genitive (ἀεικελίου στρατοῦ ἄλλου), meaning "to command some other inglorious army."
  2. 14.113γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι — γένος is an accusative of specification or respect ("in respect of lineage"). The verb εὔχομαι with the infinitive (εἶναι) is an epic formula meaning "to boast or claim to be."
  3. 14.140Ἀχιλλῆος ... δερκομένῳ — While Ἀχιλλῆος (line 139) is genitive, the participle δερκομένῳ (line 141) is dative, showing a grammatical case discord. This mismatch occurs because the dative is mentally associated with the person to whom the feeling belongs ("rejoice in his breast... as he beholds"), treating the person as a dative of interest or relation in connection with the subject ὀλοὸν κῆρ (baneful heart) in line 139. This is a characteristic epic syntactical looseness.
  4. 14.147πεδίοιο — πεδίοιο exhibits the archaic epic genitive ending (-οιο) of the second declension. It functions as a genitive of place ("over/across the plain") qualifying the intransitive participle ἐπεσσύμενος ("rushing"), indicating the space over which the motion occurs.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §14.77-14.147. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:14.77-14.147

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