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Sophocles · Philoctetes §332-412

Neoptolemus' Tale of Achilles' Armor and Odysseus' Injustice

Passage 5 of 18 · Greek

Summary

Neoptolemus recounts to Philoctetes how, after the death of his father Achilles, he was brought to Troy by Odysseus and others, only to have his father's armor unjustly given to Odysseus. Upon hearing this, Philoctetes confirms his own hatred, recognizing the treachery as typical of the sons of Atreus and Odysseus.

§332οἴμοι·
Philoctetes: Ah me!
φράσῃς μοι μὴ πέρα, πρὶν ἂν μάθω §333πρῶτον τόδʼ, ἦ τέθνηχʼ ὁ Πηλέως γόνος;
Tell me no further, before I first learn this: did the son of Peleus truly die?
§334τέθνηκεν, ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, θεοῦ δʼ ὕπο, §335τοξευτός, ὡς λέγουσιν, ἐκ Φοίβου δαμείς.
Neoptolemus: He is dead, by no man, but by a god, laid low, as they say, shot by Phoebus.
§336ἀλλʼ εὐγενὴς μὲν ὁ κτανών τε χὠ θανών·
Philoctetes: Well, noble indeed was both the slayer and the slain.
§337ἀμηχανῶ δὲ πότερον, ὦ τέκνον, τὸ σὸν §338πάθημʼ ἐλέγχω πρῶτον ἢ κεῖνον στένω.
But I am at a loss, child, whether I should first inquire into your suffering or lament him.
§339οἶμαι μὲν ἀρκεῖν σοί γε καὶ τὰ σʼ, ὦ τάλας, §340ἀλγήμαθʼ, ὥστε μὴ τὰ τῶν πέλας στένειν.
Neoptolemus: I think indeed, wretched man, that your own sufferings are enough for you, so that you do not have to lament those of your neighbors.
§341ὀρθῶς ἔλεξας· τοιγαροῦν τὸ σὸν φράσον §342αὖθις πάλιν μοι πρᾶγμʼ, ὅτῳ σʼ ἐνύβρισαν.
Philoctetes: You speak rightly; therefore, tell me your business again, how they insulted you.
§343ἦλθόν με νηὶ ποικιλοστόλῳ μέτα §344δῖός τʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς χὠ τροφεὺς τοὐμοῦ πατρός, §345λέγοντες, εἴτʼ ἀληθὲς εἴτʼ ἄρʼ οὖν μάτην, §346ὡς οὐ θέμις γίγνοιτʼ, ἐπεὶ κατέφθιτο §347πατὴρ ἐμός, τὰ πέργαμʼ ἄλλον ἤ μʼ ἑλεῖν.
Neoptolemus: They came for me in a finely adorned ship, noble Odysseus and the guardian of my father, saying—whether it was true or indeed in vain— that it was not right, since my father had died, for anyone other than me to capture the citadel of Troy.
§348ταῦτʼ, ὦ ξένʼ, οὕτως ἐννέποντες οὐ πολὺν §349χρόνον μʼ ἐπέσχον μή με ναυστολεῖν ταχύ, §350μάλιστα μὲν δὴ τοῦ θανόντος ἱμέρῳ, §351ὅπως ἴδοιμʼ ἄθαπτον· οὐ γὰρ εἰδόμην· §352ἔπειτα μέντοι χὠ λόγος καλὸς προσῆν, §353εἰ τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ πέργαμʼ αἱρήσοιμʼ ἰών.
Having said these things, strangers, they did not keep me for a long time from sailing quickly, chiefly indeed out of desire for the dead man, so that I might see him unburied—for I had never seen him; then, moreover, a fair promise was added, if I went, that I would capture the towers of Troy.
§354ἦν δʼ ἦμαρ ἤδη δεύτερον πλέοντί μοι, §355κἀγὼ πικρὸν Σίγειον οὐρίῳ πλάτῃ
And it was already the second day of my sailing, when I, with a favorable oar, put in at bitter Sigeum.
§356κατηγόμην· καί μʼ εὐθὺς ἐν κύκλῳ στρατὸς §357ἐκβάντα πᾶς ἠσπάζετʼ, ὀμνύντες βλέπειν §358τὸν οὐκέτʼ ὄντα ζῶντʼ Ἀχιλλέα πάλιν.
And immediately, as I landed, the whole army welcomed me in a circle, swearing that they saw Achilles, who was no more, living again.
§359κεῖνος μὲν οὖν ἔκειτʼ· ἐγὼ δʼ ὁ δύσμορος §360ἐπεὶ ʼδάκρυσα κεῖνον, οὐ μακρῷ χρόνῳ §361ἐλθὼν Ἀτρείδας πρὸς φίλους, ὡς εἰκὸς ἦν, §362τά θʼ ὅπλʼ ἀπῄτουν τοῦ πατρὸς τά τʼ ἄλλʼ ὅσʼ ἦν.
He indeed lay dead; but I, wretched one, when I had wept for him, not long after, went to the sons of Atreus, as friends, as was natural, and demanded my father's arms and all his other possessions.
§363οἱ δʼ εἶπον, οἴμοι, τλημονέστατον λόγον· §364ὦ σπέρμʼ Ἀχιλλέως, τἄλλα μὲν πάρεστί σοι §365πατρῷʼ ἑλέσθαι, τῶν δʼ ὅπλων κείνων ἀνὴρ §366ἄλλος κρατύνει νῦν, ὁ Λαέρτου γόνος. §367κἀγὼ δακρύσας εὐθὺς ἐξανίσταμαι §368ὀργῇ βαρείᾳ, καὶ καταλγήσας λέγω· §369ὦ σχέτλιʼ, ἦ ʼτολμήσατʼ ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ τινι §370δοῦναι τὰ τεύχη τἀμά, πρὶν μαθεῖν ἐμοῦ; §371ὁ δʼ εἶπʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, πλησίον γὰρ ὢν κυρεῖ, §372ναί, παῖ, δεδώκασʼ ἐνδίκως οὗτοι τάδε· §373ἐγὼ γὰρ αὔτʼ ἔσωσα κἀκεῖνον παρών. §374κἀγὼ χολωθεὶς εὐθὺς ἤρασσον κακοῖς §375τοῖς πᾶσιν, οὐδὲν ἐνδεὲς ποιούμενος, §376εἰ τἀμὰ κεῖνος ὅπλʼ ἀφαιρήσοιτό με.
But they spoke—ah!—the most ruthless words: "Seed of Achilles, all other things of your father's are yours to take, but of those arms, another man rules them now, the son of Laertes." And I, weeping, immediately arose in heavy anger, and deeply grieved, I said: "Wretched men, did you dare to give my armor to anyone instead of me, before learning from me?" And Odysseus said—for he happened to be nearby— "Yes, boy, they have justly given these things; for I saved them and him, being present." And I, angered, immediately struck him with all kinds of bad words, leaving nothing undone, if he was to deprive me of my arms.
§377ὁ δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἥκων, καίπερ οὐ δύσοργος ὤν, §378δηχθεὶς πρὸς ἁξήκουσεν ὧδʼ ἠμείψατο· §379οὐκ ἦσθʼ ἵνʼ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλʼ ἀπῆσθʼ ἵνʼ οὔ σʼ ἔδει· §380καὶ ταῦτʼ, ἐπειδὴ καὶ λέγεις θρασυστομῶν, §381οὐ μήποτʼ ἐς τὴν Σκῦρον ἐκπλεύσῃς ἔχων. §382τοιαῦτʼ ἀκούσας κἀξονειδισθεὶς κακὰ §383πλέω πρὸς οἴκους, τῶν ἐμῶν τητώμενος §384πρὸς τοῦ κακίστου κἀκ κακῶν Ὀδυσσέως.
But he, having come hither, although not easily angered, stung by what he heard, answered thus: "You were not where we were, but you were absent where you should not have been; and these things, since you speak so boldly, you shall never sail back to Scyros possessing." Having heard such evils and been insulted, I sail to my home, deprived of my own, by the basest Odysseus, born of the base.
§385κοὐκ αἰτιῶμαι κεῖνον ὡς τοὺς ἐν τέλει· §386πόλις γάρ ἐστι πᾶσα τῶν ἡγουμένων §387στρατός τε σύμπας· οἱ δʼ ἀκοσμοῦντες βροτῶν §388διδασκάλων λόγοισι γίγνονται κακοί.
Yet I do not blame him so much as those in authority; for a whole city belongs to its leaders, and so does the entire army; and those of mortals who are disorderly become bad by the words of their teachers.
§389λόγος λέλεκται πᾶς· ὁ δʼ Ἀτρείδας στυγῶν §390ἐμοί θʼ ὁμοίως καὶ θεοῖς εἴη φίλος.
My story is all told; and may he who hates the sons of Atreus be a friend both to me and to the gods.
§391ὀρεστέρα παμβῶτι Γᾶ, μᾶτερ αὐτοῦ Διός, §392ἃ τὸν μέγαν Πακτωλὸν εὔχρυσον νέμεις, §395σὲ κἀκεῖ, μᾶτερ πότνιʼ, ἐπηυδώμαν, §396ὅτʼ ἐς τόνδʼ Ἀτρειδᾶν ὕβρις πᾶσʼ ἐχώρει, §397ὅτε τὰ πάτρια τεύχεα παρεδίδοσαν, §400ἰὼ μάκαιρα ταυροκτόνων §401λεόντων ἔφεδρε, τῷ Λαρτίου §402σέβας ὑπέρτατον.
Chorus: Mountain-dwelling, all-nourishing Earth, mother of Zeus himself, you who rule the great, gold-rich Pactolus, I called upon you there also, revered mother, when all the insolence of the sons of Atreus went against this man, when they handed over his father's armor, oh blessed one, seated upon bull-slaying lions, when the supreme reverence was given to the son of Laertes.
§403ἔχοντες, ὡς ἔοικε, σύμβολον σαφὲς §404λύπης πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ὦ ξένοι, πεπλεύκατε, §405καί μοι προσᾴδεθʼ ὥστε γιγνώσκειν ὅτι §406ταῦτʼ ἐξ Ἀτρειδῶν ἔργα κἀξ Ὀδυσσέως.
Philoctetes: You have sailed, strangers, having, as it seems, a clear token of grief shared with us, and your story harmonizes with mine, so that I recognize these deeds as coming from the sons of Atreus and Odysseus.
§407ἔξοιδα γάρ νιν παντὸς ἂν λόγου κακοῦ §408γλώσσῃ θιγόντα καὶ πανουργίας, ἀφʼ ἧς §409μηδὲν δίκαιον ἐς τέλος μέλλοι ποεῖν.
For I know well that he would touch every evil word with his tongue and every villainy, from which he would intend to accomplish nothing just in the end.
§410ἀλλʼ οὔ τι τοῦτο θαῦμʼ ἔμοιγʼ, ἀλλʼ εἰ παρὼν §411Αἴας ὁ μείζων ταῦθʼ ὁρῶν ἠνείχετο.
But this is not at all a wonder to me, but rather if the greater Ajax was present, seeing these things, and tolerated them.
§412οὐκ ἦν ἔτι ζῶν, ὦ ξένʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε
Neoptolemus: He was no longer living, stranger; for never...

Notes

  1. §332πρὶν ἂν μάθω — The construction of πρίν + ἄν + subjunctive (μάθω) following a negative main clause (μὴ πέρα), expressing a limit: "not ... until/before (I learn)".
  2. §334ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, θεοῦ δʼ ὕπο — The preposition ὕπο (ὑπό) is placed after the last noun θεοῦ (anastrophe with accent retraction) but functions with both coordinated genitives, including the preceding ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, indicating the agent.
  3. §349μή με ναυστολεῖν ταχύ — An infinitive clause with the redundant negative particle μή following the verb of hindering or preventing, ἐπέσχον (from ἐπέχω). Semantically, it means "they did not prevent me from sailing quickly".
  4. §350τοῦ θανόντος ἱμέρῳ — The genitive τοῦ θανόντος functions as an objective genitive dependent on the noun ἱμέρῳ (longing, desire), meaning "longing for the dead man".
  5. §354πλέοντί μοι — The dative present participle πλέοντί μοι is a dative of relation (or temporal reference) indicating the passage of time for the agent (me), translating to "it was already the second day for me as I sailed".
  6. §376εἰ τἀμὰ κεῖνος ὅπλʼ ἀφαιρήσοιτό με — The verb ἀφαιρέομαι (to deprive) governs a double accusative of person (με) and thing (τἀμὰ ὅπλʼ). The future optative (ἀφαιρήσοιτό) in the conditional protasis represents a future in the past under indirect discourse, dependent on the past main verb (ἤρασσον).
  7. §381οὐ μήποτʼ ἐκπλεύσῃς — The construction of οὐ μή + aorist subjunctive (ἐκπλεύσῃς), expressing a strong negative assertion or emphatic denial regarding the future ("you shall never sail out").
  8. §408ἀφʼ ἧς — The relative pronoun ἧς (genitive feminine singular with preposition ἀπό) refers back to the antecedent πανουργίας (villainy), indicating origin or means. The subsequent optative μέλλοι is an oblique optative after a secondary or past-perspectival context.

Cite this passage

Sophocles, Philoctetes §332-412. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg006.humanitext-grc2:332-412

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