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Sophocles · Oedipus Rex §1201-1283

Report of Jocasta's Suicide and Oedipus's Self-Blinding

Passage 16 of 19 · Greek

Summary

The Chorus laments Oedipus's tragic fall from glory. A messenger then emerges from the palace to report the suicide of Queen Jocasta and the self-blinding of Oedipus upon discovering her body.

§1201χώρᾳ πύργος ἀνέστα· §1201aἐξ οὗ καὶ βασιλεὺς καλεῖ §1202ἐμὸς καὶ τὰ μέγιστʼ ἐτιμάθης, ταῖς μεγάλαισιν ἐν §1203Θήβαισιν ἀνάσσων.
stood as a tower for our land; wherefore you were also called my king and received the greatest honors, ruling in great Thebes.
§1204τανῦν δʼ ἀκούειν τίς ἀθλιώτερος;
But now, who is more wretched to hear of?
§1205τίς ἄταις ἀγρίαις, τίς ἐν πόνοις §1206ξύνοικος ἀλλαγᾷ βίου;
Who is a companion to savage ruin, who to labors in the change of life?
§1207ἰὼ κλεινὸν Οἰδίπου κάρα, §1208ἦ στέγας λιμὴν §1208aαὑτὸς ἤρκεσεν §1209παιδὶ καὶ πατρὶ θαλαμηπόλῳ πεσεῖν;
Alas, famous head of Oedipus, for whom the selfsame harbor of the chamber sufficed to fall into as bridegroom, both for child and father?
§1210πῶς ποτε πῶς ποθʼ αἱ πατρῷαί σʼ ἄλοκες φέρειν, τάλας, §1211σῖγʼ ἐδυνάθησαν ἐς τοσόνδε;
How ever, how ever could the paternal furrows, wretched man, have been able to bear you in silence for so long?
§1212ἐφηῦρέ σʼ ἄκονθʼ ὁ πάνθʼ ὁρῶν χρόνος, §1213δικάζει τʼ ἄγαμον γάμον πάλαι §1215τεκνοῦντα καὶ τεκνούμενον.
The all-seeing Time found you out against your will; it judges the marriage that is no marriage, which long since brings forth and was brought forth.
§1216ἰώ, Λαΐειον ὦ τέκνον, §1217εἴθε σʼ εἴθε σε §1217aμήποτʼ εἰδόμαν.
Alas, O child of Laius, would that, would that I had never seen you.
§1218δύρομαι γὰρ ὥσπερ ἰάλεμον χέων §1219ἐκ στομάτων.
For I wail as if pouring a dirge from my lips.
τὸ δʼ ὀρθὸν εἰπεῖν, ἀνέπνευσά τʼ ἐκ §1220σέθεν §1221καὶ κατεκοίμασα τοὐμὸν ὄμμα.
To speak the truth, I received breath from you, and I closed my eyes in sleep.
§1223ὦ γῆς μέγιστα τῆσδʼ ἀεὶ τιμώμενοι, §1224οἷʼ, ἔργʼ ἀκούσεσθʼ, οἷα δʼ εἰσόψεσθʼ, ὅσον δʼ §1225ἀρεῖσθε πένθος, εἴπερ ἐγγενῶς ἔτι §1226τῶν Λαβδακείων ἐντρέπεσθε δωμάτων.
O you who are always held in greatest honor in this land, what deeds you will hear, what deeds you will behold, and how great a grief you will take upon yourselves, if still like kinsmen you care for the house of the Labdacids.
§1227οἶμαι γὰρ οὔτʼ ἂν Ἴστρον οὔτε Φᾶσιν ἂν §1228νίψαι καθαρμῷ τήνδε τὴν στέγην, ὅσα §1229κεύθει, τὰ δʼ αὐτίκʼ εἰς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακὰ §1230ἑκόντα κοὐκ ἄκοντα.
For I think that neither Ister nor Phasis could wash this house clean, so many evils it conceals; but soon it will reveal into the light evils voluntary and not involuntary.
τῶν δὲ πημονῶν §1231μάλιστα λυποῦσʼ αἳ φανῶσʼ αὐθαίρετοι.
And of pains, those hurt most which are shown to be self-chosen.
§1232λείπει μὲν οὐδʼ ἃ πρόσθεν εἴδομεν τὸ μὴ οὐ §1233βαρύστονʼ εἶναι· πρὸς δʼ ἐκείνοισιν τί φῄς;
What we saw before does not fail to be heavily grievous; but what do you say in addition to those?
§1234ὁ μὲν τάχιστος τῶν λόγων εἰπεῖν τε καὶ §1235μαθεῖν, τέθνηκε θεῖον Ἰοκάστης κάρα.
The speediest of words both to speak and to learn: the divine head of Jocasta is dead.
§1236ὦ δυστάλαινα, πρὸς τίνος ποτʼ αἰτίας;
O wretched woman, by what cause?
§1237αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτῆς.
By herself.
τῶν δὲ πραχθέντων τὰ μὲν §1238ἄλγιστʼ ἄπεστιν· ἡ γὰρ ὄψις οὐ πάρα.
Of what was done, the most painful part is absent, for the sight is not here.
§1239ὅμως δʼ, ὅσον γε κἀν ἐμοὶ μνήμης ἔνι, §1240πεύσει τὰ κείνης ἀθλίας παθήματα.
Yet, as far as memory is in me, you shall learn the sufferings of that wretched woman.
§1241ὅπως γὰρ ὀργῇ χρωμένη παρῆλθʼ ἔσω §1242θυρῶνος, ἵετʼ εὐθὺ πρὸς τὰ νυμφικὰ §1243λέχη, κόμην σπῶσʼ ἀμφιδεξίοις ἀκμαῖς.
For when she passed in rage inside the vestibule, she rushed straight to the bridal bed, tearing her hair with the fingers of both hands.
§1244πύλας δʼ, ὅπως εἰσῆλθʼ, ἐπιρράξασʼ ἔσω §1245καλεῖ τὸν ἤδη Λάϊον πάλαι νεκρόν, §1246μνήμην παλαιῶν σπερμάτων ἔχουσʼ, ὑφʼ ὧν §1247θάνοι μὲν αὐτός, τὴν δὲ τίκτουσαν λίποι §1248τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ δύστεκνον παιδουργίαν.
And when she had entered, slamming the doors from within, she called upon Laius, who has long been dead, having memory of the ancient seed, by which he himself died, and left the mother to his own offspring for a wretched breeding of children.
§1249γοᾶτο δʼ εὐνάς, ἔνθα δύστηνος διπλοῦς §1250ἐξ ἀνδρὸς ἄνδρα καὶ τέκνʼ ἐκ τέκνων τέκοι.
And she wailed over the bed where, wretched woman, she brought forth a double offspring, a husband from a husband, and children from children.
§1251χὤπως μὲν ἐκ τῶνδʼ οὐκέτʼ οἶδʼ ἀπόλλυται· §1252βοῶν γὰρ εἰσέπαισεν Οἰδίπους, ὑφʼ οὗ §1253οὐκ ἦν τὸ κείνης ἐκθεάσασθαι κακόν, §1254ἀλλʼ εἰς ἐκεῖνον περιπολοῦντʼ ἐλεύσσομεν.
And how she perished after this, I no longer know; for Oedipus burst in shouting, by whom it was impossible to watch her evil to the end, but we looked upon him as he wheeled around.
§1255φοιτᾷ γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἔγχος ἐξαιτῶν πορεῖν, §1256γυναῖκά τʼ οὐ γυναῖκα, μητρῴαν δʼ ὅπου §1257κίχοι διπλῆν ἄρουραν οὗ τε καὶ τέκνων.
For he roamed about, asking us to give him a sword, and where he might find his wife who was no wife, the mother's double field of himself and his children.
§1258λυσσῶντι δʼ αὐτῷ δαιμόνων δείκνυσί τις· §1259οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀνδρῶν, οἳ παρῆμεν ἐγγύθεν.
And as he raved, some deity showed it to him; for it was none of the men who were present nearby.
§1260δεινὸν δʼ ἀύσας ὡς ὑφηγητοῦ τινος §1261πύλαις διπλαῖς ἐνήλατʼ, ἐκ δὲ πυθμένων §1262ἔκλινε κοῖλα κλῇθρα κἀμπίπτει στέγῃ.
And crying out terribly, as if guided by someone, he leaped against the double doors, and from their sockets he bent back the hollow bolts and fell into the room.
§1263οὗ δὴ κρεμαστὴν τὴν γυναῖκʼ ἐσείδομεν, §1264πλεκταῖσιν αἰώραισιν ἐμπεπλεγμένην.
There indeed we beheld the woman hanging, entangled in the twisted noose.
§1265ὁ δʼ ὡς ὁρᾷ νιν, δεινὰ βρυχηθεὶς τάλας §1266χαλᾷ κρεμαστὴν ἀρτάνην.
And he, when he saw her, bellowing terribly, wretched man, loosened the hanging rope.
ἐπεὶ δὲ γῇ §1267ἔκειτο τλήμων, δεινὰ δʼ ἦν τἀνθένδʼ ὁρᾶν.
And when she lay on the ground, wretched woman, what followed was terrible to behold.
§1268ἀποσπάσας γὰρ εἱμάτων χρυσηλάτους §1269περόνας ἀπʼ αὐτῆς, αἷσιν ἐξεστέλλετο, §1270ἄρας ἔπαισεν ἄρθρα τῶν αὑτοῦ κύκλων, §1271αὐδῶν τοιαῦθʼ, ὁθούνεκʼ οὐκ ὄψοιντό νιν §1272οὔθʼ οἷʼ ἔπασχεν οὔθʼ ὁποῖʼ ἔδρα κακά, §1273ἀλλʼ ἐν σκότῳ τὸ λοιπὸν οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει §1274ὀψοίαθʼ, οὓς δʼ ἔχρῃζεν οὐ γνωσοίατο.
For tearing away the golden brooches from her garments, with which she was adorned, he lifted them and struck the joints of his own eye-sockets, saying such things: that they should not see him nor the evils he suffered, nor the evils he did, but in darkness henceforth they should see those they should not, and should not know those they desired.
§1275τοιαῦτʼ ἐφυμνῶν πολλάκις τε κοὐχ ἅπαξ §1276ἤρασσʼ ἐπαίρων βλέφαρα.
Chanting such things many times and not once he struck his eyes, lifting his eyelids.
φοίνιαι δʼ ὁμοῦ §1277γλῆναι γένειʼ ἔτελλον, οὐδʼ ἀνίεσαν §1278φόνου μυδώσας σταγόνας, ἀλλʼ ὁμοῦ μέλας §1279ὄμβρος χαλάζης αἱματοῦς ἐτέγγετο.
And the bloody pupils bedewed his beard, nor did they send forth dripping drops of blood, but all at once a black rain of bloody hail was poured.
§1279aτάδʼ ἐκ δυοῖν ἔρρωγεν, οὐ μόνου κάτα, §1280ἀλλʼ ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικὶ συμμιγῆ κακά.
These things have burst forth from two, not from one alone, but mixed evils for man and woman.
§1281ὁ πρὶν παλαιὸς δʼ ὄλβος ἦν πάροιθε μὲν §1282ὄλβος δικαίως· νῦν δὲ τῇδε θἠμέρᾳ §1283στεναγμός, ἄτη, θάνατος, αἰσχύνη, κακῶν
Their former ancient happiness was indeed before happiness justly; but now on this day wailing, ruin, death, shame, of all evils

Notes

  1. 1209ἦ στέγας λιμὴν αὑτὸς ἤρκεσεν παιδὶ καὶ πατρὶ θαλαμηπόλῳ πεσεῖν; — The infinitive πεσεῖν (to fall, to enter) functions to supplement the adjective ἤρκεσεν (was sufficient) as a result or purpose. The passage expresses the horrifying nature of the marriage where the selfsame 'harbor' (λιμὴν αὑτὸς) was sufficient both for the child (παιδὶ) and the father (πατρὶ) to fall into as a bridegroom (θαλαμηπόλῳ).
  2. 1215δικάζει τʼ ἄγαμον γάμον πάλαι τεκνοῦντα καὶ τεκνούμενον — The active participle τεκνοῦντα (begetting) and the passive participle τεκνούμενον (begotten) are juxtaposed to modify 'marriage' (γάμον). It signifies that 'Time judges the marriage that is no marriage, which long since begets and was begotten,' epitomizing the horrifying generational confusion wherein Oedipus begot children with his mother, from whom he himself had been begotten.
  3. 1232τὸ μὴ οὐ βαρύστονʼ εἶναι — Since the verb λείπει (lacks, fails) carries a negative force when combined with οὐδʼ ('not even fails'), the supplementing infinitive is accompanied by the double negative particles μὴ οὐ. It translates to 'what we saw before does not fail to be heavily grievous.'
  4. 1274οὐκ ὄψοιντό νιν ... ὀψοίαθʼ ... γνωσοίατο — These are future optatives in indirect discourse (oblique optatives) introduced by the past main verb ἔπαισεν ('struck'), representing Oedipus's subjective intention: 'they (his eyes) would not see him...' The forms ὀψοίαθʼ and γνωσοίατο exhibit the poetic third-person plural ending -ατο (instead of -ντο), which is a characteristic feature of tragic lyric and high style.

Cite this passage

Sophocles, Oedipus Rex §1201-1283. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.humanitext-grc2:1201-1283

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