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Sophocles · Oedipus Rex §1041-1124

Jocasta's Despairing Exit and Arrival of the Shepherd

Passage 14 of 19 · Greek

Summary

While Oedipus relentlessly pursues the secret of his birth, Jocasta, realizing the tragic truth, flees in despair. The Chorus sings of Oedipus's potentially divine origins on Mount Cithaeron just as the old shepherd of Laius is brought in.

§1041τίς οὗτος;
"Who is this?
ἦ κάτοισθα δηλῶσαι λόγῳ; §1042τῶν Λαΐου δήπου τις ὠνομάζετο. §1043ἦ τοῦ τυράννου τῆσδε γῆς πάλαι ποτέ; §1044μάλιστα· τούτου τἀνδρὸς οὗτος ἦν βοτήρ. §1045ἦ κἄστʼ ἔτι ζῶν οὗτος, ὥστʼ ἰδεῖν ἐμέ; §1046ὑμεῖς γʼ ἄριστʼ εἰδεῖτʼ ἂν οὑπιχώριοι. §1047ἔστιν τις ὑμῶν τῶν παρεστώτων πέλας, §1048ὅστις κάτοιδε τὸν βοτῆρʼ ὃν ἐννέπει, §1049εἴτʼ οὖν ἐπʼ ἀγρῶν εἴτε κἀνθάδʼ εἰσιδών; §1050σημήναθʼ, ὡς ὁ καιρὸς ηὑρῆσθαι τάδε. §1051οἶμαι μὲν οὐδένʼ ἄλλον ἢ τὸν ἐξ ἀγρῶν, §1052ὃν κἀμάτευες πρόσθεν εἰσιδεῖν· ἀτὰρ §1053ἥδʼ ἂν τάδʼ οὐχ ἥκιστʼ ἂν Ἰοκάστη λέγοι.
Do you know him, so as to point him out in words?" "He was called, I suppose, one of those of Laius." "The one who was once of old the tyrant of this land?" "Precisely; this man was the shepherd of that man." "And is this man still alive, so that I might see him?" "You, the locals, would know that best." "Is there anyone among you standing nearby, who knows the shepherd whom he speaks of, whether having seen him in the fields or here?" "Tell me, since it is the opportune moment for these things to be discovered." "I think he is none other than the man from the fields, whom you were already eager to see before; but Jocasta here could speak of these things not least of all." "Wife, do you know that man whom we just recently desired to come?
§1054γύναι, νοεῖς ἐκεῖνον, ὅντινʼ ἀρτίως §1055μολεῖν ἐφιέμεσθα; τόνδʼ οὗτος λέγει; §1056τί δʼ ὅντινʼ εἶπε;
Is it him this man speaks of?" "Why care who he spoke of?
μηδὲν ἐντραπῇς· τὰ δὲ §1057ῥηθέντα βούλου μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι μάτην. §1058οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθʼ ὅπως ἐγὼ λαβὼν §1059σημεῖα τοιαῦτʼ οὐ φανῶ τοὐμὸν γένος.
Pay no attention; as for what was said, wish not even to remember it in vain." "It could not happen that, having grasped such clues, I should not reveal my own birth." "By the gods, if you care at all for your own life, do not seek this!
§1060μὴ πρὸς θεῶν, εἴπερ τι τοῦ σαυτοῦ βίου §1061κήδει, ματεύσῃς τοῦθʼ· ἅλις νοσοῦσʼ ἐγώ. §1062θάρσει· σὺ μὲν γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐὰν τρίτης ἐγὼ §1063μητρὸς φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή. §1064ὅμως πιθοῦ μοι, λίσσομαι· μὴ δρᾶ τάδε. §1065οὐκ ἂν πιθοίμην μὴ οὐ τάδʼ ἐκμαθεῖν σαφῶς. §1066καὶ μὴν φρονοῦσά γʼ εὖ τὰ λῷστά σοι λέγω. §1067τὰ λῷστα τοίνυν ταῦτά μʼ ἀλγύνει πάλαι. §1068ὦ δύσποτμʼ, εἴθε μήποτε γνοίης ὃς εἶ. §1069ἄξει τις ἐλθὼν δεῦρο τὸν βοτῆρά μοι; §1070ταύτην δʼ ἐᾶτε πλουσίῳ χαίρειν γένει. §1071ἰοὺ ἰού, δύστηνε· τοῦτο γάρ σʼ ἔχω §1072μόνον προσειπεῖν, ἄλλο δʼ οὔποθʼ ὕστερον.
I am suffering enough." "Take heart; for even if I am shown to be a triple slave from a third-generation slave mother, you will not be shown to be base." "Nevertheless, obey me, I beseech you; do not do this." "I cannot be persuaded not to learn this clearly." "And yet, in good awareness, I tell you what is best." "These very 'best' things have indeed been paining me for a long time." "O ill-fated one, may you never know who you are!" "Will someone go and bring the shepherd to me here?" "And let this woman rejoice in her wealthy lineage." "Alas, alas, miserable man!
§1073τί ποτε βέβηκεν, Οἰδίπους, ὑπʼ ἀγρίας §1074ᾄξασα λύπης ἡ γυνή; δέδοιχʼ ὅπως §1075μὴ ʼκ τῆς σιωπῆς τῆσδʼ ἀναρρήξει κακά.
For this is all I have to call you, and nothing else ever hereafter." "Why ever has the woman gone, Oedipus, having rushed away under wild grief?
§1076ὁποῖα χρῄζει ῥηγνύτω· τοὐμὸν δʼ ἐγώ, §1077κεἰ σμικρόν ἐστι, σπέρμʼ ἰδεῖν βουλήσομαι. §1078αὕτη δʼ ἴσως, φρονεῖ γὰρ ὡς γυνὴ μέγα, §1079τὴν δυσγένειαν τὴν ἐμὴν αἰσχύνεται. §1080ἐγὼ δʼ ἐμαυτὸν παῖδα τῆς Τύχης νέμων §1081τῆς εὖ διδούσης οὐκ ἀτιμασθήσομαι. §1082τῆς γὰρ πέφυκα μητρός· οἱ δὲ συγγενεῖς §1083μῆνές με μικρὸν καὶ μέγαν διώρισαν. §1084τοιόσδε δʼ ἐκφὺς οὐκ ἂν ἐξέλθοιμʼ ἔτι §1085ποτʼ ἄλλος, ὥστε μὴ ʼκμαθεῖν τοὐμὸν γένος. §1086εἴπερ ἐγὼ μάντις εἰμὶ καὶ κατὰ γνώμαν ἴδρις, §1087οὐ τὸν Ὄλυμπον ἀπείρων, ὦ Κιθαιρών, §1090οὐκ ἔσει τὰν αὔριον §1091πανσέληνον, μὴ οὐ σέ γε καὶ πατριώταν Οἰδίπουν §1092καὶ τροφὸν καὶ ματέρʼ αὔξειν, §1095καὶ χορεύεσθαι πρὸς ἡμῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ ἦρα φέροντα τοῖς ἐμοῖς τυράννοις.
I fear lest from this silence evils will break forth." "Let break forth whatever will; but as for me, even if it is small, I will wish to see my seed." "She perhaps, for as a woman she has proud thoughts, is ashamed of my low birth." "But I, accounting myself the child of Chance who gives well, shall not be dishonored." "For she is the mother of whom I was born; and my kinsmen, the months, have defined me as small and great." "Having been born such, I would never turn out to be another, so as not to learn my birth." "If I am indeed a prophet and wise in my judgment, by Olympus you shall not be without experience, O Cithaeron, on the tomorrow's full moon, of our magnifying you as the compatriot, and nurse, and mother of Oedipus, and of your being celebrated in dance by us, as bringing pleasure to my rulers.
§1096ἰήϊε Φοῖβε, σοὶ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀρέστʼ εἴη. §1098τίς σε, τέκνον, τίς σʼ ἔτικτε τᾶν μακραιώνων ἄρα §1100Πανὸς ὀρεσσιβάτα πατρὸς πελασθεῖσʼ;
O healer Phoebus, may these things be pleasing to you." "Who, my child, who of the long-lived ones bore you, having drawn near to mountain-roaming Pan as father?
§1101ἢ σέ γʼ εὐνάτειρά τις §1102Λοξίου;
Or was it some mistress of Loxias?
τῷ γὰρ πλάκες ἀγρόνομοι πᾶσαι φίλαι·
For to him all the rural uplands are dear.
§1105εἴθʼ ὁ Κυλλάνας ἀνάσσων, §1106εἴθʼ ὁ Βακχεῖος θεὸς ναίων ἐπʼ ἄκρων ὀρέων σʼ εὕρημα δέξατʼ ἔκ του §1107Νυμφᾶν Ἑλικωνίδων, αἷς πλεῖστα συμπαίζει. §1110εἰ χρή τι κἀμὲ μὴ συναλλάξαντά πω, §1111πρέσβεις, σταθμᾶσθαι, τὸν βοτῆρʼ ὁρᾶν δοκῶ, §1112ὅνπερ πάλαι ζητοῦμεν·
Or was it the ruler of Cyllene, or the Bacchic god dwelling on the mountain peaks who received you as a foundling from one of the Heliconian Nymphs, with whom he plays most of all?" "Elders, if I too, who have never met him, must make a guess, I think I see the shepherd whom we have been seeking for a long time.
ἔν τε γὰρ μακρῷ §1113γήρᾳ ξυνᾴδει τῷδε τἀνδρὶ σύμμετρος, §1114ἄλλως τε τοὺς ἄγοντας ὥσπερ οἰκέτας §1115ἔγνωκʼ ἐμαυτοῦ· τῇ δʼ ἐπιστήμῃ σύ μου §1116προύχοις τάχʼ ἄν που, τὸν βοτῆρʼ ἰδὼν πάρος. §1117ἔγνωκα γάρ, σάφʼ ἴσθι· Λαΐου γὰρ ἦν §1118εἴπερ τις ἄλλος πιστὸς ὡς νομεὺς ἀνήρ. §1119σὲ πρῶτʼ ἐρωτῶ, τὸν Κορίνθιον ξένον, ἦ τόνδε φράζεις; §1120τοῦτον, ὅνπερ εἰσορᾷς. §1121οὗτος σύ, πρέσβυ, δεῦρό μοι φώνει βλέπων §1122ὅσʼ ἄν σʼ ἐρωτῶ.
For in his advanced old age he harmonizes in proportion with this man here, and besides, those who are leading him I recognize as my own servants; but in knowledge you would probably surpass me, having seen the shepherd before." "Yes, I recognize him, know it well; for he was Laius's trusted man as a shepherd, if indeed anyone else was." "I ask you first, the Corinthian stranger, is it this man you mean?" "This very one, whom you are looking at." "You there, old man, look here and speak to me, whatever I ask you.
Λαΐου ποτʼ ἦσθα σύ; §1123ἦ δοῦλος οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλʼ οἴκοι τραφείς. §1124ἔργον μεριμνῶν ποῖον ἢ βίον τινά;
Were you once Laius's man?" "Yes, a slave not bought, but reared in the house." "Attending to what kind of work or what kind of life?"

Notes

  1. §1058οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθʼ ὅπως — The construction `οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο ὅπως` with a negative `οὐ` in the dependent clause functions as a double negative, expressing a strong positive determination ("it cannot happen that I should not reveal..."). The verb `φανῶ` can be interpreted either as a future indicative or as an aorist subjunctive, both indicating strong future intention.
  2. §1065μὴ οὐ τάδʼ ἐκμαθεῖν — This is a construction of `μὴ οὐ` with an infinitive, triggered by the negative main verb `οὐκ ἂν πιθοίμην`. When the main clause is negatived, `μὴ οὐ` is regularly used instead of simple `μή` with the infinitive, producing a strong double negative force ("I cannot be persuaded not to learn...").
  3. §1091μὴ οὐ σέ γε καὶ πατριώταν — The negative particle `μὴ οὐ` introduces the infinitives `αὔξειν` (§1092) and `χορεύεσθαι` (§1095), depending on the negative main clause `οὐκ ἔσει` in §1087 ("you shall not be..."). The negative in the main clause triggers `μὴ οὐ` instead of simple `μή`, expressing a strong assurance that Cithaeron will indeed be celebrated.
  4. §1110κἀμὲ μὴ συναλλάξαντά πω — The accusative pronoun `κἀμέ` and its agreeing participle `συναλλάξαντά` function as the subject accusative of the infinitive `σταθμᾶσθαι`, which is governed by the impersonal verb `χρή`. The negative `μή` with the participle is used because the entire clause is a conditional `εἰ` clause.

Cite this passage

Sophocles, Oedipus Rex §1041-1124. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004.humanitext-grc2:1041-1124

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