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Sophocles · Antigone §1-78

Antigone and Ismene Dispute over Burying Polyneices

Passage 1 of 15 · Greek

Summary

Antigone informs her sister Ismene of Creon's decree forbidding the burial of Polyneices and asks for her help, but Ismene refuses, citing their helplessness as women. Antigone declares her resolve to bury her brother alone and accept death.

§1ὦ κοινὸν αὐτάδελφον Ἰσμήνης κάρα, §2ἆρʼ οἶσθʼ ὅ τι Ζεὺς τῶν ἀπʼ Οἰδίπου κακῶν §3ὁποῖον οὐχὶ νῷν ἔτι ζώσαιν τελεῖ;
Oh, sisterly head of Ismene, sharing the same blood, Do you know what kind of evil from those of Oedipus Zeus not fulfill for the two of us while we are still living?
§4οὐδὲν γὰρ οὔτʼ ἀλγεινὸν οὔτʼ ἄτης ἄτερ §5οὔτʼ αἰσχρὸν οὔτʼ ἄτιμόν ἐσθʼ, ὁποῖον οὐ §6τῶν σῶν τε κἀμῶν οὐκ ὄπωπʼ ἐγὼ κακῶν.
For there is nothing either painful, or not free from ruin, or shameful, or dishonorable, which I have not seen among your and my evils.
§7καὶ νῦν τί τοῦτʼ αὖ φασι πανδήμῳ πόλει §8κήρυγμα θεῖναι τὸν στρατηγὸν ἀρτίως;
And now what is this proclamation that they say the general has just established for the entire city?
§9ἔχεις τι κεἰσήκουσας;
Do you know anything and have you heard?
ἤ σε λανθάνει §10πρὸς τοὺς φίλους στείχοντα τῶν ἐχθρῶν κακά;
Or does it escape you that the evils of enemies are marching against our friends?
§11ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐδεὶς μῦθος, Ἀντιγόνη, φίλων §12οὔθʼ ἡδὺς οὔτʼ ἀλγεινὸς ἵκετʼ ἐξ ὅτου §13δυοῖν ἀδελφοῖν ἐστερήθημεν δύο, §14μιᾷ θανόντοιν ἡμέρᾳ διπλῇ χερί·
Ismene: To me indeed, Antigone, no word of friends, either sweet or painful, has come since we two were deprived of our two brothers, who died on a single day by a mutual hand.
§15ἐπεὶ δὲ φροῦδός ἐστιν Ἀργείων στρατὸς §16ἐν νυκτὶ τῇ νῦν, οὐδὲν οἶδʼ ὑπέρτερον, §17οὔτʼ εὐτυχοῦσα μᾶλλον οὔτʼ ἀτωμένη.
And since the Argive army has departed during this past night, I know nothing further, being neither more fortunate nor more afflicted.
§18ᾔδη καλῶς, καί σʼ ἐκτὸς αὐλείων πυλῶν §19τοῦδʼ οὕνεκʼ ἐξέπεμπον, ὡς μόνη κλύοις.
Antigone: I knew it well, and for this reason I was sending for you outside the courtyard gates, so that you might hear alone.
§20τί δʼ ἔστι;
Ismene: What is it?
δηλοῖς γάρ τι καλχαίνουσʼ ἔπος.
For you show that you are brooding over some word.
§21οὐ γὰρ τάφου νῷν τὼ κασιγνήτω Κρέων §22τὸν μὲν προτίσας, τὸν δʼ ἀτιμάσας ἔχει;
Antigone: Has not Creon, of our two brothers, honored one with burial, but holds the other dishonored?
§23Ἐτεοκλέα μέν, ὡς λέγουσι, σὺν δίκης §24χρήσει δικαίᾳ καὶ νόμου κατὰ χθονὸς §25ἔκρυψε τοῖς ἔνερθεν ἔντιμον νεκροῖς· §26τὸν δʼ ἀθλίως θανόντα Πολυνείκους νέκυν §27ἀστοῖσί φασιν ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι τὸ μὴ §28τάφῳ καλύψαι μηδὲ κωκῦσαί τινα, §29ἐᾶν δʼ ἄκλαυτον, ἄταφον, οἰωνοῖς γλυκὺν §30θησαυρὸν εἰσορῶσι πρὸς χάριν βορᾶς.
Eteocles indeed, as they say, with just usage of justice and law, beneath the earth he hid, honored among the dead below; But the wretchedly deceased corpse of Polyneices, they say it has been proclaimed to the citizens that no one shall cover him in a grave nor wail for him, but leave him unwept, unburied, a sweet treasure for birds looking down upon him for the pleasure of feeding.
§31τοιαῦτά φασι τὸν ἀγαθὸν Κρέοντα σοὶ §32κἀμοί, λέγω γὰρ κἀμέ, κηρύξαντʼ ἔχειν, §33καὶ δεῦρο νεῖσθαι ταῦτα τοῖσι μὴ εἰδόσιν §34σαφῆ προκηρύξοντα, καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ἄγειν §35οὐχ ὡς παρʼ οὐδέν, ἀλλʼ ὃς ἂν τούτων τι δρᾷ, §36φόνον προκεῖσθαι δημόλευστον ἐν πόλει.
Such things they say the good Creon has proclaimed to you and to me—for I say even to me— and that he is coming here to proclaim these things clearly to those who do not know, and to treat the matter not as nothing, but whoever does any of these things, a public stoning to death is proposed for him in the city.
§37οὕτως ἔχει σοι ταῦτα, καὶ δείξεις τάχα §38εἴτʼ εὐγενὴς πέφυκας εἴτʼ ἐσθλῶν κακή.
Thus things stand for you, and you will soon show whether you are born noble, or a coward from noble ancestors.
§39τί δʼ, ὦ ταλαῖφρον, εἰ τάδʼ ἐν τούτοις, ἐγὼ §40λύουσʼ ἂν ἢ ʼφάπτουσα προσθείμην πλέον;
Ismene: What, O wretched sister, if things are in this state, could I, by loosening or binding, add anything more?
§41εἰ ξυμπονήσεις καὶ ξυνεργάσει σκόπει.
Antigone: Consider whether you will share the toil and share the work.
§42ποῖόν τι κινδύνευμα;
Ismene: What kind of venture?
ποῦ γνώμης ποτʼ εἶ;
Where in the world are you in your mind?
§43εἰ τὸν νεκρὸν ξὺν τῇδε κουφιεῖς χερί.
Antigone: Whether you will lift the corpse with this hand of ours.
§44ἦ γὰρ νοεῖς θάπτειν σφʼ, ἀπόρρητον πόλει;
Ismene: Do you really intend to bury him, though it is forbidden to the city?
§45τὸν γοῦν ἐμὸν καὶ τὸν σόν, ἢν σὺ μὴ θέλῃς §46ἀδελφόν· οὐ γὰρ δὴ προδοῦσʼ ἁλώσομαι.
Antigone: My brother, at least, and yours, even if you do not wish it; for I certainly shall not be caught betraying him.
§47ὦ σχετλία, Κρέοντος ἀντειρηκότος;
Ismene: O daring girl, when Creon has forbidden it?
§48ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ τῶν ἐμῶν μʼ εἴργειν μέτα.
Antigone: But he has no right to bar me from what is mine.
§49οἴμοι.
Ismene: Alas!
φρόνησον, ὦ κασιγνήτη, πατὴρ §50ὡς νῷν ἀπεχθὴς δυσκλεής τʼ ἀπώλετο, §51πρὸς αὐτοφώρων ἀμπλακημάτων διπλᾶς §52ὄψεις ἀράξας αὐτὸς αὐτουργῷ χερί.
Reflect, sister, how our father perished hated and infamous, for self-detected sins, having struck out his two eyes with his own self-working hand.
§53ἔπειτα μήτηρ καὶ γυνή, διπλοῦν ἔπος, §54πλεκταῖσιν ἀρτάναισι λωβᾶται βίον· §55τρίτον δʼ ἀδελφὼ δύο μίαν καθʼ ἡμέραν §56αὐτοκτονοῦντε τὼ ταλαιπώρω μόρον §57κοινὸν κατειργάσαντʼ ἐπαλλήλοιν χεροῖν.
Then his mother and wife—a double word— ruined her life with twisted nooses; third, two brothers on a single day, killing each other, the wretched ones, brought about a common fate with mutual hands.
§58νῦν δʼ αὖ μόνα δὴ νὼ λελειμμένα σκόπει §59ὅσῳ κάκιστʼ ὀλούμεθʼ, εἰ νόμου βίᾳ §60ψῆφον τυράννων ἢ κράτη παρέξιμεν.
And now indeed, consider how we two left alone shall perish most wretchedly of all, if in violation of the law we transgress the decree or power of tyrants.
§61ἀλλʼ ἐννοεῖν χρὴ τοῦτο μὲν γυναῖχʼ ὅτι §62ἔφυμεν, ὡς πρὸς ἄνδρας οὐ μαχουμένα. §63ἔπειτα δʼ οὕνεκʼ ἀρχόμεσθʼ ἐκ κρεισσόνων, §64καὶ ταῦτʼ ἀκούειν κἄτι τῶνδʼ ἀλγίονα.
But we must keep this in mind, first, that we were born women, not meant to fight against men; and next, that we are ruled by those who are stronger, and must obey both these things and things even more painful than these.
§65ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν αἰτοῦσα τοὺς ὑπὸ χθονὸς §66ξύγγνοιαν ἴσχειν, ὡς βιάζομαι τάδε, §67τοῖς ἐν τέλει βεβῶσι πείσομαι· τὸ γὰρ §68περισσὰ πράσσειν οὐκ ἔχει νοῦν οὐδένα.
I, therefore, asking those beneath the earth to have forgiveness, since I am forced to this, will obey those who are in authority; for to do superfluous things makes no sense at all.
§69οὔτʼ ἂν κελεύσαιμʼ οὔτʼ ἄν, εἰ θέλοις ἔτι §70πράσσειν, ἐμοῦ γʼ ἂν ἡδέως δρῴης μέτα.
Antigone: I would not command you, nor, even if you still wished to act, would you act with me to my pleasure.
§71ἀλλʼ ἴσθʼ ὁποῖά σοι δοκεῖ, κεῖνον δʼ ἐγὼ §72θάψω· καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν.
But be such as seems good to you, and I will bury him; it is beautiful for me to die doing this.
§73φίλη μετʼ αὐτοῦ κείσομαι, φίλου μέτα, §74ὅσια πανουργήσασʼ. ἐπεὶ πλείων χρόνος §75ὃν δεῖ μʼ ἀρέσκειν τοῖς κάτω τῶν ἐνθάδε.
As a loved one I shall lie with him, with a loved one, having committed a holy crime; since the time is longer during which I must please those below than those here.
§76ἐκεῖ γὰρ αἰεὶ κείσομαι·
For there I shall always lie.
σοὶ δʼ, εἰ δοκεῖ, §77τὰ τῶν θεῶν ἔντιμʼ ἀτιμάσασʼ ἔχε.
But you, if it seems good to you, hold in dishonor what is honored by the gods.
§78ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἄτιμα ποιοῦμαι, τὸ δὲ
Ismene: I do not hold them in dishonor, but...

Notes

  1. §2ὅ τι ... ὁποῖον — A double interrogative structure using ὅ τι and ὁποῖον. It asks: "Do you know what of the evils... what kind of it Zeus does not bring to fulfillment?", emphasizing that every imaginable evil from Oedipus has been or will be inflicted upon them.
  2. §22προτίσας, τὸν δʼ ἀτιμάσας ἔχει — A periphrastic construction combining the verb ἔχω with the aorist participles (προτίσας, ἀτιμάσας). Beyond serving as a perfect tense equivalent, it emphasizes the ongoing current state resulting from the past action ("holds them in a state of having been honored / dishonored").
  3. §27τὸ μὴ / τάφῳ καλύψαι μηδὲ κωκῦσαί τινα — An articular infinitive phrase explaining the content of the verb ἐκκεκηρῦχθαι ("it has been proclaimed"). It contains the redundant negative μή, typical after verbs of forbidding or denying. Although grammatically negative, it is translated as a simple prohibition: "that no one cover him in a grave nor wail for him."
  4. §74ὅσια πανουργήσασʼ — An oxymoron combining the adjective ὅσια ("holy, pious things") with the participle πανουργήσασα ("having committed a crime"). It encapsulates the central conflict of the play, where obeying the universal laws of the gods (burying her brother) constitutes a "crime" against Creon's state law.

Cite this passage

Sophocles, Antigone §1-78. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:1-78

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