§1## Ἰσοκράτης Διονυσίῳ χαιρεῖν
εἰ μὲν νεώτερος ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ἐπιστολὴν ἔπεμπον, ἀλλ’ αὐτὸς ἄν σοι πλεύσας ἐνταῦθα διελέχθην·
## Ἰσοκράτης Διονυσίῳ χαιρεῖν If I were younger, I would not be sending a letter, but would have sailed there myself and spoken with you.
ἐπειδὴ δ’ οὐ κατὰ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους ὅ τε τῆς ἡλικίας τῆς ἐμῆς καιρὸς καὶ τῶν σῶν πραγμάτων συμβέβηκεν, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ μὲν προαπείρηκα, τὰ δὲ πράττεσθαι νῦν ἀκμὴν εἴληφεν, ὡς οἷόν τ’ ἐστὶν ἐκ τῶν παρόντων, οὕτω σοι πειράσομαι δηλῶσαι περὶ αὐτῶν.
But since the opportune time of my age and that of your affairs have not coincided—I having already grown feeble, while your affairs have just now reached their prime—I shall attempt to make them clear to you as far as is possible under the present circumstances.
οἶδα μὲν οὖν ὅτι τοῖς συμβουλεύειν ἐπιχειροῦσι πολὺ διαφέρει μὴ διὰ γραμμάτων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν συνουσίαν ἀλλ’ αὐτοὺς πλησιάσαντας, οὐ μόνον ὅτι περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πραγμάτων ῥᾷον ἄν τις παρὼν πρὸς παρόντα φράσειν ἢ δι’ ἐπιστολῆς δηλώσειεν, οὐδ’ ὅτι πάντες τοῖς λεγομένοις μᾶλλον ἢ τοῖς γεγραμμένοις πιστεύουσι, καὶ τῶν μὲν ὡς εἰσηγημάτων, τῶν δ’ ὡς ποιημάτων ποιοῦνται τὴν ἀκρόασιν· ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις ἐν μὲν ταῖς συνουσίαις ἢν ἀγνοηθῇ τι τῶν λεγομένων ἢ μὴ πιστευθῇ, παρὼν ὁ τὸν λόγον διεξιὼν ἀμφοτέροις τούτοις ἐπήμυνεν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἐπιστελλομένοις καὶ γεγραμμένοις ἤν τι συμβῇ τοιοῦτον, οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ διορθώσων· ἀπόντος γὰρ τοῦ γράψαντος ἔρημα τοῦ βοηθήσοντός ἐστιν.
I know, therefore, that for those who attempt to give advice, it makes a great difference to hold their intercourse not through writing but by approaching in person, not only because one who is present can more easily explain the same matters face to face than he could make them clear through a letter, nor yet because all people trust spoken words more than written ones, listening to the former as suggestions and to the latter as literary compositions; but also because in personal intercourse, if anything said is misunderstood or disbelieved, the speaker is present to remedy both of these, whereas in things dispatched in writing, if any such thing occurs, there is no one to correct it; for since the writer is absent, the letter is destitute of anyone to defend it.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλ’ ἐπειδὴ σὺ μέλλεις αὐτῶν ἔσεσθαι κριτής, πολλὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχω φανήσεσθαι λέγοντας ἡμᾶς τι τῶν δεόντων· ἡγοῦμαι γὰρ ἁπάσας ἀφέντα σε τὰς δυσχερείας τὰς προειρημένας αὐταῖς ταῖς πράξεσι προσέξειν τὸν νοῦν.
Nevertheless, since you are going to be the judge of these matters, I have high hopes that I shall appear to be saying something of what is necessary; for I believe that you, setting aside all the aforementioned difficulties, will apply your mind to the matters themselves.
καίτοι τινὲς ἤδη με τῶν σοὶ πλησιασάντων ἐκφοβεῖν ἐπεχείρησαν, λέγοντες ὡς σὺ τοὺς μὲν κολακεύοντας τιμᾶς, τῶν δὲ συμβουλευόντων καταφρονεῖς.
And yet, some of those who have approached you already attempted to frighten me, saying that you honor flatterers and despise those who give advice.
ἐγὼ δ’ εἰ μὲν ἀπεδεχόμην τοὺς λόγους τούτους ἐκείνων, πολλὴν ἂν ἡσυχίαν εἶχον· νῦν δ’ οὐδεὶς ἄν με πείσειεν, ὡς οἷόν τ’ ἐστὶ τοσοῦτον καὶ τῇ γνώμῃ καὶ ταῖς πράξεσι διενεγκεῖν, ἂν μή τις τῶν μὲν μαθητής, τῶν δ’ ἀκροατής, τῶν δ’ εὑρετὴς γένηται, καὶ πανταχόθεν προσαγάγηται καὶ συλλέξηται, δι’ ὧν οἷόν τ’ ἐστὶν ἀσκῆσαι τὴν αὑτοῦ διάνοιαν.
If I had accepted these reports of theirs, I should have remained quiet; but as it is, no one could persuade me that it is possible for anyone to excel so greatly both in judgment and in action, unless he becomes a student of some, a listener to others, and a discoverer of still other things, and draws to himself and gathers from all quarters the means by which he can cultivate his own understanding.
ἐπήρθην μὲν οὖν ἐπιστέλλειν σοι διὰ ταῦτα.
I was, therefore, induced to write to you by these considerations.
λέγειν δὲ μέλλω περὶ μεγάλων πραγμάτων καὶ περὶ ὧν οὐδενὶ τῶν ζώντων ἀκοῦσαι μᾶλλον ἢ σοὶ προσήκει.
I am going to speak about great matters, and about things which it is more fitting for you to hear than for any other living person.
καὶ μὴ νόμιζέ με προθύμως οὕτω σε παρακαλεῖν, ἵνα γένῃ συγγράμματος ἀκροατής· οὐ γὰρ οὔτ’ ἐγὼ τυγχάνω φιλοτίμως διακείμενος πρὸς τὰς ἐπιδείξεις οὔτε σὺ λανθάνεις ἡμᾶς ἤδη πλήρης ὢν τῶν τοιούτων.
And do not think that I am urging you so zealously in order that you may become a listener to a literary composition; for I am not ambitiously disposed toward public exhibitions, nor are we unaware that you are already sated with such things.
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις κἀκεῖνο πᾶσι φανερόν, ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ἐπιδείξεως δεομένοις αἱ πανηγύρεις ἁρμόττουσιν, ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἄν τις ἐν πλείστοις τὴν αὑτοῦ δύναμιν διασπείρειεν, τοῖς δὲ διαπράξασθαί τι βουλομένοις πρὸς τοῦτον διαλεκτέον, ὅστις τάχιστα μέλλει τὰς πράξεις ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου δηλωθείσας.
Besides, this also is obvious to everyone: that while for those who need to make an exhibition, public festivals are suitable, for there one can diffuse his own power among the greatest number of people, yet those who wish to accomplish something must converse with that person who is most likely to carry out most quickly the actions revealed by the discourse.
εἰ μὲν οὖν μιᾷ τινι τῶν πόλεων εἰσηγούμην, πρὸς τοὺς ἐκείνης προεστῶτας τοὺς λόγους ἂν ἐποιούμην· ἐπειδὴ δ’ ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων σωτηρίας παρεσκεύασμαι συμβουλεύειν, πρὸς τίν’ ἂν δικαιότερον διαλεχθείην ἢ πρὸς τὸν πρωτεύοντα τοῦ γένους καὶ μεγίστην ἔχοντα δύναμιν;
If, then, I were introducing proposals to any single one of the cities, I should be addressing my words to its leaders; but since I have prepared myself to give advice for the salvation of the Greeks, to whom could I more justly address myself than to him who holds the first place in our race and possesses the greatest power?
καὶ μὴν οὐδ’ ἀκαίρως φανησόμεθα μεμνημένοι περὶ τούτων.
Indeed, we shall not appear to have mentioned these things out of season.
ὅτε μὲν γὰρ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν ἀρχὴν εἶχον, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν ἐπιμεληθῆναί σοι τῶν περὶ τὸν τόπον τὸν ἡμέτερον, οὐδὲ τούτοις ἐναντία πράττειν ἄμα καὶ Καρχηδονίοις πολεμεῖν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν οὕτω πράττουσιν ὥστ’ ἀγαπᾶν, ἢν τὴν χώραν τὴν αὑτῶν ἔχωσιν, ἡ δ’ ἡμετέρα πόλις ἡδέως ἂν αὑτήν σοι παράσχοι συναγωνιζομένην, εἴ τι πράττοις ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀγαθόν, πῶς ἂν παραπέσοι καλλίων καιρὸς τοῦ νῦν σοι παρόντος;
For when the Lacedaemonians held the empire, it was not easy for you to care for the affairs in our region, nor to act in opposition to them and at the same time wage war against the Carthaginians; but since the Lacedaemonians are in such a state that they are content if they can keep their own land, and our city would gladly offer herself as your ally if you should do any good for Greece, how could a more beautiful opportunity occur than the one you have now?
καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ μήτε δημηγορῶν μήτε στρατηγῶν μήτ’ ἄλλως δυνάσης ὢν οὕτως ἐμβριθὲς αἴρομαι πρᾶγμα καὶ δυοῖν ἐπιχειρῶ τοῖν μεγίστοιν, ὑπέρ τε τῆς Ἑλλάδος λέγειν καὶ σοὶ συμβουλεύειν.
And do not wonder if, neither being a public speaker nor a general, nor otherwise a powerful ruler, I undertake so weighty a matter and attempt the two greatest tasks—to speak on behalf of Greece and to give advice to you.
ἐγὼ γὰρ τοῦ μὲν πράττειν τι τῶν κοινῶν εὐθὺς ἐξέστην, δι’ ἃς δὲ προφάσεις πολὺ ἂν ἔργον εἴη μοι λέγειν, τῆς δὲ παιδεύσεως τῆς τῶν μὲν μικρῶν καταφρονούσης, τῶν δὲ μεγάλωι ἐφικνεῖσθαι πειρωμένης οὐκ ἂν φανείην ἄμοιρος γεγενημένος.
For I stood aloof from practicing public affairs immediately—to tell the reasons for which would be too much trouble for me—but of that education which despises small things and attempts to reach great ones, I should not appear to have been left without a share.
ὥστ’ οὐδὲν ἄτοπον, εἴ τι τῶν συμφερόντων ἰδεῖν ἂν μᾶλλον δυνηθείην τῶν εἰκῇ μὲν πολιτευομένων, μεγάλην δὲ δόξαν εἰληφότων δηλώσομεν δ’ οὐκ εἰς ἀναβολάς, εἴ τινος ἄξιοι τυγχάνομεν ὄντες, ἀλλ’ ἐκ τῶν ῥηθήσεσθαι μελλόντων
So it is not strange if I should be able to see something of advantage better than those who govern haphazardly but have acquired a great reputation; and we shall show, without delay, whether we are worth anything, by what is about to be said.