§27φίλους κτῶ μὴ πάντας τοὺς βουλομένους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς τῆς σῆς φύσεως ἀξίους ὄντας, μηδὲ μεθʼ ὧν ἥδιστα συνδιατρίψεις, ἀλλὰ μεθʼ ὧν ἄριστα τὴν πόλιν διοικήσεις.
Acquire as friends not all who wish to be, but those who are worthy of your nature, nor those with whom you will spend your time most pleasantly, but those with whom you will best administer the city.
ἀκριβεῖς ποιοῦ τὰς δοκιμασίας τῶν συνόντων, εἰδὼς ὅτι πάντες οἱ μή σοι πλησιάσαντες ὅμοιόν σε τοῖς χρωμένοις εἶναι νομιοῦσιν.
Make strict examinations of your associates, knowing that all who do not come near you will consider you to be similar to those you associate with.
τοιούτους ἐφίστη τοῖς πράγμασι τοῖς μὴ διὰ σοῦ γιγνομένοις, ὡς αὐτὸς τὰς αἰτίας ἕξων ὧν ἂν ἐκεῖνοι πράξωσιν.
Appoint to the business not conducted by yourself such men on the assumption that you yourself will bear the blame for whatever they do.
§28πιστοὺς ἡγοῦ μὴ τοὺς ἅπαν ὁ τι ἂν λέγῃς ἢ ποιῇς ἐπαινοῦντας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς τοῖς ἁμαρτανομένοις ἐπιτιμῶντας.
Deem those to be trustworthy not who praise everything whatever you say or do, but those who censure your mistakes.
δίδου παρρησίαν τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν, ἵνα περὶ ὧν ἂν ἀμφιγνοῇς, ἔχῃς τοὺς συνδοκιμάσοντας.
Give freedom of speech to those who are wise, so that you may have those who will help examine the things about which you are in doubt.
διόρα καὶ τοὺς τέχνῃ κολακεύοντας καὶ τοὺς μετʼ εὐνοίας θεραπεύοντας, ἵνα μὴ πλέον οἱ πονηροὶ τῶν χρηστῶν ἔχωσιν.
Discern both those who flatter by art and those who serve with goodwill, so that the wicked may not have more than the good.
ἄκουε τοὺς λόγους τοὺς περὶ ἀλλήλων, καὶ πειρῶ γνωρίζειν ἅμα τούς τε λέγοντας, ὁποῖοί τινές εἰσι, καὶ περὶ ὧν ἂν λέγωσιν.
Listen to the talk of people about one another, and try to discern at the same time both what sort of people those who speak are, and about whom they are speaking.
§29ταῖς αὐταῖς κόλαζε ζημίαις τοὺς ψευδῶς διαβάλλοντας, αἷσπερ τοὺς ἐξαμαρτάνοντας.
Punish those who falsely slander with the same penalties as those who commit offenses.
ἄρχε σαυτοῦ μηδὲν ἧττον ἢ τῶν ἄλλων, καὶ τοῦθʼ ἡγοῦ βασιλικώτατον, ἂν μηδεμιᾷ δουλεύῃς τῶν ἡδονῶν, ἀλλὰ κρατῆς τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν πολιτῶν.
Rule yourself no less than others, and consider this to be most kingly, if you are a slave to none of your pleasures, but rule over your desires more than over your citizens.
μηδεμίαν συνουσίαν εἰκῇ προσδέχου μηδʼ ἀλογίστως, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ ἐκείναις ταῖς διατριβαῖς ἔθιζε σαυτὸν χαίρειν, ἐξ ὧν αὐτός τʼ ἐπιδώσεις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις βελτίων εἶναι δόξεις.
Accept no association randomly or thoughtlessly, but accustom yourself to enjoy those pastimes from which you yourself will improve and will appear to others to be better.
§30μὴ φαίνου φιλοτιμούμενος ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἃ καὶ τοῖς κακοῖς διαπράξασθαι δυνατόν ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ μέγα φρονῶν, ἧς οὐδὲν μέρος τοῖς πονηροῖς μέτεστιν.
Do not appear to strive for honor in such things as are possible even for the wicked to accomplish, but take pride in virtue, in which the wicked have no part.
νόμιζε τῶν τιμῶν ἀληθεστάτας εἶναι μὴ τὰς ἐν τῷ φανερῷ μετὰ δέους γιγνομένας, ἀλλʼ ὅταν αὐτοὶ παρʼ αὑτοῖς ὄντες μᾶλλόν σου τὴν γνώμην ἢ τὴν τύχην θαυμάζωσιν.
Consider those honors to be most genuine which are not paid openly with fear, but when people, being by themselves, admire your intellect more than your fortune.
λάνθανε μέν, ἢν ἐπὶ τῴ σοι συμβῇ τῶν φαύλων χαίρειν, ἐνδείκνυσο δὲ περὶ τὰ μέγιστα σπουδάζων.
Let it be hidden if it happens that you find pleasure in any trivial matters, but show yourself being earnest about the most important things.
§31μὴ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἀξίου κοσμίως ζῆν τοὺς δὲ βασιλεῖς ἀτάκτως, ἀλλὰ τὴν σαυτοῦ σωφροσύνην παράδειγμα τοῖς ἄλλοις καθίστη, γιγνώσκων ὅτι τὸ τῆς πόλεως ὅλης ἦθος ὁμοιοῦται τοῖς ἄρχουσιν.
Do not expect others to live in an orderly way while kings live disorderly, but establish your own self-control as an example to others, knowing that the character of the entire city is made like its rulers.
σημεῖον ἔστω σοι τοῦ καλῶς βασιλεύειν, ἂν τοὺς ἀρχομένους ὁρᾷς εὐπορωτέρους καὶ σωφρονεστέρους γιγνομένους διὰ τὴν σὴν ἐπιμέλειαν.
Let it be a sign to you of ruling well if you see your subjects becoming more prosperous and more self-controlled because of your care.
§32περὶ πλείονος ποιοῦ δόξαν καλὴν ἢ πλοῦτον μέγαν τοῖς παισὶ καταλιπεῖν· ὁ μὲν γὰρ θνητός, ἡ δʼ ἀθάνατος, καὶ δόξῃ μὲν χρήματα κτητά, δόξα δὲ χρημάτων οὐκ ὠνητή, καὶ τὰ μὲν καὶ φαύλοις παραγίγνεται, τὴν δʼ οὐχ οἷόν τε ἀλλʼ ἢ τοὺς διενεγκόντας κτήσασθαι.
Value leaving a good reputation to your children more than great wealth; for the latter is mortal, but the former is immortal, and by reputation wealth can be acquired, but reputation is not to be bought with wealth, and the latter comes even to the base, but the former cannot be acquired except by those who excel.
τρύφα μὲν ἐν ταῖς ἐσθῆσι καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸ σῶμα κόσμοις, καρτέρει δὲ ὡς χρὴ τοὺς βασιλεύοντας ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτηδεύμασιν, ἵνʼ οἱ μὲν ὁρῶντες διὰ τὴν ὄψιν ἄξιόν σε τῆς ἀρχῆς εἶναι νομίζωσιν, οἱ δὲ συνόντες διὰ τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ῥώμην τὴν αὐτὴν ἐκείνοις γνώμην ἔχωσιν.
Live luxuriously in your clothing and bodily ornaments, but endure as rulers must in other practices, so that those who look on may deem you worthy of rule because of your appearance, while those who associate with you may hold the same opinion as they do because of the strength of your soul.
§33ἐπισκόπει τοὺς λόγους ἀεὶ τοὺς σαυτοῦ καὶ τὰς πράξεις, ἵνʼ ὡς ἐλαχίστοις ἁμαρτήμασι περιπίπτῃς.
Examine always your own words and deeds, so that you may fall into the fewest errors.
κράτιστον μὲν τῆς ἀκμῆς τῶν καιρῶν τυγχάνειν, ἐπειδὴ δὲ δυσκαταμαθήτως ἔχουσιν, ἐλλείπειν αἱροῦ καὶ μὴ πλεονάζειν· αἱ γὰρ μετριότητες μᾶλλον ἐν ταῖς ἐνδείαις ἢ ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς ἔνεισιν.
It is best to hit upon the exact opportuneness, but since this is hard to discern, choose to fall short rather than to exceed; for moderations are found more in deficiencies than in excesses.
§34ἀστεῖος εἶναι πειρῶ καὶ σεμνός· τὸ μὲν γὰρ τῇ τυραννίδι πρέπει, τὸ δὲ πρὸς τὰς συνουσίας ἁρμόττει.
Try to be refined and dignified; for the latter is fitting for absolute power, while the former is suited for social intercourse.
χαλεπώτατον δὲ τοῦτο πάντων ἐστὶ τῶν προσταγμάτων· εὑρήσεις γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ τοὺς μὲν σεμνυνομένους ψυχροὺς ὄντας, τοὺς δὲ βουλομένους μένους ἀστείους εἶναι ταπεινοὺς φαινομένους.
But this is the most difficult of all injunctions; for you will find for the most part that those who maintain dignity are cold, while those who wish to be refined appear base.
δεῖ δὲ χρῆσθαι μὲν ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς ἰδέαις ταύταις, τὴν δὲ συμφορὰν τὴν ἑκατέρᾳ προσοῦσαν διαφεύγειν.
But one must employ both these forms, while avoiding the misfortune that attaches to each.