§1τὴν μὲν ἐπιείκειαν τὴν σήν, ὦ Πολύκρατες, καὶ τὴν τοῦ βίου μεταβολὴν παρʼ ἄλλων πυνθανόμενος οἶδα· τῶν δὲ λόγων τινὰς ὧν γέγραφας, αὐτὸς ἀνεγνωκὼς ἥδιστα μὲν ἄν σοι περὶ ὅλης ἐπαρρησιασάμην τῆς παιδεύσεως περὶ ἣν ἠνάγκασαι διατρίβειν·
I know of your respectability, Polycrates, and the change in your life by hearing from others; and having myself read some of the discourses which you have written, I should have been most glad to speak frankly to you about the whole education in which you have been compelled to spend your time.
ἡγοῦμαι γὰρ τοῖς ἀναξίως μὲν δυστυχοῦσιν, ἐκ δὲ φιλοσοφίας χρηματίζεσθαι ζητοῦσιν, ἅπαντας τοὺς πλείω πεπραγματευμένους καὶ μᾶλλον ἀπηκριβωμένους προσήκειν ἐθελοντὰς τοῦτον εἰσφέρειν τὸν ἔρανον·
For I think that to those who are undeservedly in misfortune and seek to make money from philosophy, it is fitting for all who have busied themselves more and achieved greater precision to contribute this voluntary offering.
§2ἐπειδὴ δʼ οὔπω περιτετυχήκαμεν ἀλλήλοις, περὶ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων, ἤν ποτʼ εἰς ταὐτὸν ἔλθωμεν, τόθʼ ἡμῖν ἐξέσται διὰ πλειόνων ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν, ἃ δʼ ἐν τῷ παρόντι δυναίμην ἂν εὐεργετῆσαί σε, ταῦτα δʼ ᾠήθην χρῆναι σοὶ μὲν ἐπιστεῖλαι, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους ὡς οἷόν τε μάλιστʼ ἀποκρύψασθαι.
But since we have not yet met one another, concerning other matters, if we should ever come to the same place, it will then be permitted for us to hold our conversation at greater length; but as for what I could benefit you in the present circumstances, these things I thought I ought to send to you by letter, and to conceal them as much as possible from others.
§3γιγνώσκω μὲν οὖν ὅτι τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν νουθετουμένων ἔμφυτόν ἐστι μὴ πρὸς τὰς ὠφελείας ἀποβλέπειν, ἀλλὰ τοσούτῳ χαλεπώτερον ἀκούειν τῶν λεγομένων, ὅσῳ περ ἂν αὐτῶν τις ἀκριβέστερον ἐξετάζῃ τὰς ἁμαρτίας· ὅμως δʼ οὐκ ὀκνητέον ὑπομένειν τὴν ἀπέχθειαν ταύτην τοῖς εὐνοϊκῶς πρός τινας ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ πειρατέον μεθιστάναι τὴν δόξαν τῶν οὕτω πρὸς τοὺς συμβουλεύοντας διακειμένων.
Now, I know indeed that for most of those who are admonished, it is natural not to look to their own benefit, but to hear what is said with greater resentment in proportion as someone examines their errors more precisely; nevertheless, those who are well-disposed toward some must not hesitate to endure this hostility, but must try to alter the opinion of those who are so disposed toward their advisers.
§4αἰσθόμενος οὖν οὐχ ἥκιστά σε μεγαλαυχούμενον ἐπί τε τῇ Βουσίριδος ἀπολογίᾳ καὶ τῇ Σωκράτους κατηγορίᾳ, πειράσομαί σοι ποιῆσαι καταφανὲς ὅτι πολὺ τοῦ δέοντος ἐν ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς λόγοις διήμαρτες.
Perceiving, then, that you pride yourself not least upon both your defense of Busiris and your accusation of Socrates, I shall try to make it clear to you that you have missed the mark by far in both discourses.
ἁπάντων γὰρ εἰδότων ὅτι δεῖ τοὺς μὲν εὐλογεῖν τινὰς βουλομένους πλείω τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἀγαθῶν αὐτοῖς προσόντʼ ἀποφαίνειν, τοὺς δὲ κατηγοροῦντας τἀναντία τούτων ποιεῖν, §5τοσούτου δεῖς οὕτω κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς λόγοις, ὥσθʼ ὑπὲρ μὲν Βουσίριδος ἀπολογήσασθαι φάσκων, οὐχ ὅπως τῆς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτὸν διαβολῆς ἀπήλλαξας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τηλικαύτην αὐτῷ τὸ μέγεθος παρανομίαν προσῆψας ἧς οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅπως ἄν τις δεινοτέραν ἐξευρεῖν δυνηθείη·
For although all know that those who wish to praise certain people must show that they possess more virtues than they actually have, while those who accuse must do the opposite of these things, you are so far from having used your discourses in this way, that while claiming to defend Busiris, you not only did not rid him of the existing slander, but even attached to him a lawlessness of such magnitude that one could not possibly find anything more terrible.
τῶν γὰρ ἄλλων τῶν ἐπιχειρησάντων ἐκεῖνον λοιδορεῖν τοσοῦτον μόνον περὶ αὐτοῦ βλασφημούντων, ὡς ἔθυε τῶν ξένων τοὺς ἀφικνουμένους, σὺ καὶ κατεσθίειν αὐτὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ᾐτιάσω· Σωκράτους δὲ κατηγορεῖν ἐπιχειρήσας, ὥσπερ ἐγκωμιάσαι βουλόμενος Ἀλκιβιάδην ἔδωκας αὐτῷ μαθητήν, ὃν ὑπʼ ἐκείνου μὲν οὐδεὶς ᾔσθετο παιδευόμενον, ὅτι δὲ πολὺ διήνεγκε τῶν ἄλλων ἅπαντες ἂν ὁμολογήσειαν.
For while the others who attempted to abuse him slandered him only so far as to say that he sacrificed the strangers who arrived, you accused him even of eating human beings; and having attempted to accuse Socrates, as if wishing to praise him, you gave Alcibiades to him as a disciple, whom no one ever perceived being educated by him, though everyone would agree that he far excelled all others.
§6τοιγαροῦν εἰ γένοιτʼ ἐξουσία τοῖς τετελευτηκόσι βουλεύσασθαι περὶ τῶν εἰρημένων, ὁ μὲν ἄν σοι τοσαύτην ἔχοι χάριν ὑπὲρ τῆς κατηγορίας, ὅσην οὐδενὶ τῶν ἐπαινεῖν αὐτὸν εἰθισμένων, ὁ δʼ εἰ καὶ περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους πραότατος ἦν, ἀλλʼ οὖν ἐπί γε τοῖς ὑπὸ σοῦ λεγομένοις οὕτως ἂν ἀγανακτήσειεν ὥστε μηδεμιᾶς ἀποσχέσθαι τιμωρίας.
Therefore, if the dead should have the power to deliberate about what has been said, the one would feel as much gratitude to you for the accusation as to none of those who are accustomed to praise him, while the other, even if he were the gentlest toward all others, would certainly be so angry at what was said by you that he would abstain from no vengeance.
καίτοι πῶς οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ σεμνύνεσθαι προσήκει τὸν παρὰ τοῖς λοιδορουμένοις ὑφʼ αὑτοῦ μᾶλλον ἀγαπώμενον ἢ παρὰ τοῖς ἐγκωμιαζομένοις;
And yet, how is it not fitting to be ashamed rather than to be proud when one is liked more by those who are abused by oneself than by those who are praised?
§7οὕτω δʼ ἠμέλησας εἰ μηδὲν ὁμολογούμενον ἐρεῖς, ὥστε φῂς μὲν αὐτὸν τὴν Αἰόλου καὶ τὴν Ὀρφέως ζηλῶσαι δόξαν, ἀποφαίνεις δʼ οὐδὲν τῶν αὐτῶν ἐκείνοις ἐπιτηδεύσαντα.
And you were so careless as to whether you would say nothing consistent, that you say indeed that he emulated the reputation of Aeolus and Orpheus, but you show that he practiced none of the same things as they did.
πότερα γὰρ τοῖς περὶ Αἰόλου λεγομένοις αὐτὸν παρατάξωμεν;
For should we match him with what is said about Aeolus?
ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνος μὲν τῶν ξένων τοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ἐκπίπτοντας εἰς τὰς αὑτῶν πατρίδας ἀπέστελλεν, ὁ δʼ εἰ χρὴ τοῖς ὑπὸ σοῦ λεγομένοις πιστεύειν, θύσας κατήσθιεν.
But he used to send back to their own countries those of the strangers who were cast upon his land, whereas this man, if one must believe what is said by you, sacrificed and ate them.