§3οὐ γὰρ δὴ λέοντὰς γʼ ἀμυνόμενοι καὶ λύκους ἐσθίομεν· ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐῶμεν, τὰ δʼ ἀβλαβῆ καὶ χειροήθη καὶ ἄκεντρα καὶ νωδὰ πρὸς τὸ δακεῖν συλλαμβάνοντες ἀποκτιννύομεν, ἃ νὴ Δία καὶ κάλλους ἕνεκα καὶ χάριτος ἡ φύσις ἔοικεν ἐξενεγκεῖν.
For we certainly do not eat lions and wolves in self-defense; rather, leaving those alone, we capture and kill harmless, tame, stingless, and toothless creatures for biting, which, by Zeus, nature seems to have brought forth for the sake of beauty and grace.
ὅμοιον ὡς εἴ τις τὸν Νεῖλον ὁρῶν πλημμυροῦντα καὶ τὴν χώραν ἐμπιπλάντα γονίμου καὶ καρποφόρου ῥεύματος μὴ τοῦτο θαυμάζοι τοῦ φερομένου, τὸ φυτάλμιον καὶ εὔκαρπον τῶν ἡμερωτάτων καὶ βιωφελεστάτων καρπῶν, ἀλλʼ ἰδών που καὶ κροκόδειλον ἐννηχόμενον καὶ ἀσπίδα κατασυρομένην καὶ μύας, ἄγρια ζῷα καὶ μιαρά, ταύτας λέγοι τὰς αἰτίας τῆς μέμψεως καὶ τῆς τοῦ πράγματος ἀνάγκης· ἢ νὴ Δία τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἄρουραν ἀποβλέψας ἐμπεπλησμένην ἡμέρων καρπῶν καὶ βρίθουσαν ἀσταχύων, ἔπειτα ὑποβλέψας που τοῖς ληίοις τούτοις καὶ πού τινος αἴρας στάχυν ἰδὼν καὶ ὀροβάγχην, εἶτʼ ἀφεὶς ἐκεῖνα καρποῦσθαι καὶ ληίζεσθαι μέμφοιτο περὶ τούτων.
This is similar to someone who, seeing the Nile overflowing and filling the country with a fertile and fruitful current, does not admire this movement, namely the plant-nurturing and fruitful power that produces the mildest and most beneficial fruits, but seeing somewhere a crocodile swimming, or an asp being swept along, or field mice, wild and filthy creatures, should say that these are the reasons for blame and for the necessity of avoiding the river; or, by Zeus, looking at this land and field filled with cultivated fruits and heavy with ears of corn, and then looking beneath these crops and seeing somewhere an ear of darnel or broomrape, should then let go of harvesting and enjoying the former, and complain about the latter.
τοιοῦτόν τι, καὶ λόγον ῥήτορος ὁρῶν ἐν δίκῃ τινὶ καὶ συνηγορίᾳ πληθύοντα καὶ φερόμενον ἐπὶ βοηθείᾳ κινδύνων, ἢ νὴ Δίʼ ἐλέγχῳ καὶ κατηγορίᾳ τολμημάτων καὶ ἀποδείξεων, ῥέοντα δὲ καὶ φερόμενον οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ λιτῶς, ἀλλʼ ὁμοῦ πάθεσι πολλοῖς μᾶλλον δὲ παντοδαποῖς, εἰς ψυχὰς ὁμοίως πολλὰς καὶ ποικίλας καὶ διαφόρους τῶν ἀκροωμένων ἢ τῶν δικαζόντων, ἃς δεῖ τρέψαι καὶ μεταβαλεῖν ἢ νὴ Δία πραῧναι καὶ ἡμερῶσαι καὶ καταστῆσαι·
It is something like this when someone sees the speech of an orator in some lawsuit and advocacy, rich and moving for the help of those in danger, or, by Zeus, in the refutation and accusation of daring deeds and proofs, flowing and moving not simply or plainly, but along with many, or rather all kinds of passions, toward similarly many, diverse, and different souls of the listeners or judges, which must be turned, changed, or, by Zeus, softened, tamed, and settled; and then, neglecting to observe and measure this essential core and contest of the matter, selects digressions which the speech, in its downward rush, swept along with the force of its current, falling out and slipping by with the rest of the speech.
εἶτα παρεὶς τοῦτο τοῦ πράγματος ὁρᾶν καὶ μετρεῖν τὸ φύλαιον καὶ ἀγώνισμα, παραρρήσεις ἐκλέγων, ἃς κατιὼν ὁ λόγος συγκατήνεγκε τῇ ῥύμῃ τῆς φορᾶς, συνεκπεσούσας καὶ παρολισθούσας τῷ λοιπῷ τοῦ λόγου. καὶ δημηγόρου τινὸς ὁρῶν.
And so it is when observing some demagogue.
§4ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς δυσωπεῖ, οὐ χρόας ἀνθηρὸν εἶδος, οὐ φωνῆς ἐμμελοῦς πιθανότης, οὐ πανουργία ψυχῆς, οὐ τὸ καθάριον ἐν διαίτῃ καὶ περιττὸν ἐν συνέσει τῶν ἀθλίων, ἀλλὰ σαρκιδίου μικροῦ χάριν ἀφαιρούμεθα ψυχῆς ἥλιον, φῶς, τὸν τοῦ βίου χρόνον, ἐφʼ ᾧ γέγονε καὶ πέφυκεν.
But nothing shames us, neither the flowery beauty of color, nor the persuasiveness of a harmonious voice, nor the cleverness of soul, nor the cleanliness of life and outstanding intelligence of these miserable creatures; rather, for the sake of a small piece of flesh, we rob them of the sun, the light, and the span of life for which they were born and brought forth by nature.
εἶθʼ ἃς φθέγγεται καὶ διέτρισε φωνὰς ἀνάρθρους εἶναι δοκοῦμεν, οὐ παραιτήσεις καὶ δεήσεις καὶ δικαιολογίας ἑκάστου λέγοντος
οὐ παραιτοῦμαί σου τὴν ἀνάγκην ἀλλὰ τὴν ὕβριν, ἵνα φάγῃς ἀπόκτεινον, ἵνα δʼ ἥδιον φάγῃς μὴ μʼ ἀναίρει
ὢ τῆς ὠμότητος δεινὸν μέν ἐστι καὶ τιθεμένην ἰδεῖν τράπεζαν ἀνθρώπων πλουσίων νεκροκόσμοις χρωμένων μαγείροις καὶ ὀψοποιοῖς, δεινότερον δʼ ἀποκομιζομένην πλείονα γὰρ τὰ λειπόμενα τῶν βεβρωμένων ἐστίν οὐκοῦν ταῦτα μάτην ἀπέθανεν ἕτεροι δὲ φειδόμενοι τῶν παρατεθέντων οὐκ ἐῶσι τέμνειν οὐδὲ κατακόπτειν, παραιτούμενοι νεκρά, ζώντων δʼ οὐκ ἐφείσαντο.
And then the sounds they utter and cry out we think to be inarticulate, not the pleas, entreaties, and justifications of each one saying: 'I do not deprecate your necessity, but your insolence; kill me that you may eat, but do not destroy me that you may eat more pleasantly.' Oh, the cruelty! It is terrible indeed to see the table set for rich men employing decorators of corpses as cooks and chefs, but more terrible when it is cleared away; for the leftovers are greater than what has been eaten. Therefore, these died in vain. And others, sparing the things set before them, do not allow them to be sliced or chopped, caring for the corpses, but they did not spare the living.
§5ἄλογον γὰρ εἶναί φαμεν ἐκείνους λέγειν τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀρχὴν ἔχειν τὴν φύσιν ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρώπῳ κατὰ φύσιν τὸ σαρκοφαγεῖν, πρῶτον μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν σωμάτων δηλοῦται τῆς·
For we say it is absurd for those men to say that nature has the origin.
κατασκευῆς.
For that eating meat is not natural to humans is first demonstrated by the structure of their bodies.
οὐδενὶ γὰρ ἔοικε τὸ ἀνθρώπου σῶμα τῶν ὑ ἐπὶ σαρκοφαγίᾳ γεγονότων, οὐ γρυπότης χείλους, οὐκ ὀξύτης;
For the human body resembles none of those made for eating meat; there is no curved beak, no sharpness of claw, no jaggedness of teeth, no strength of stomach or heat of breath capable of transforming and digesting heavy and fleshy matter.
ὄνυχος, οὐ τραχύτης ὀδόντος πρόσεστιν, οὐ κοιλίας εὐτονία καὶ πνεύματος θερμότης, τρέψαι καὶ κατεργάσασθαι δυνατὴ τὸ βαρὺ καὶ κρεῶδες ἀλλʼ αὐτόθεν ἡ φύσις τῇ λειότητι τῶν ὀδόντων καὶ τῇ σμικρότητι τοῦ στόματος καὶ τῇ μαλακότητι τῆς γλώσσης καὶ τῇ πρὸς πέψιν ἀμβλύτητι τοῦ πνεύματος ἐξόμνυται τὴν σαρκοφαγίαν.
Rather, nature itself, by the smoothness of the teeth, the smallness of the mouth, the softness of the tongue, and the weakness of breath for digestion, disclaims the eating of meat.
εἰ δὲ λέγεις πεφυκέναι σεαυτὸν ἐπὶ τοιαύτην ἐδωδήν, ὃ βούλει φαγεῖν πρῶτον αὐτὸς ἀπόκτεινον, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς διὰ σεαυτοῦ, μὴ χρησάμενος κοπίδι μηδὲ τυμπάνῳ τινὶ μηδὲ πελέκει· ἀλλά, ὡς λύκοι καὶ ἄρκτοι καὶ λέοντες αὐτοὶ ὅσα ἐσθίουσι φονεύουσιν, ἄνελε δήγματι βοῦν ἢ στόματι σῦν, ἢ ἄρνα ἢ λαγωὸν διάρρηξον καὶ φάγε προσπεσὼν ἔτι ζῶντος, ὡς ἐκεῖνα.
But if you say you were born for such food, first kill yourself what you want to eat, but do so by yourself, without using a cleaver, a club, or an axe; but, as wolves, bears, and lions themselves kill whatever they eat, destroy an ox with a bite, or a pig with your mouth, or tear apart a lamb or a hare, and eat it by falling upon it while it is still living, as they do.
εἰ δʼ ἀναμένεις νεκρὸν γενέσθαι τὸ αἰσθόμενον καὶ δυσωπεῖ σε παροῦσα ψυχὴ ἀπολαύειν τῆς σαρκός, τί παρὰ φύσιν ἐσθίεις τὸ ἔμψυχον;
But if you wait for what has sensation to become a corpse, and the presence of the soul shames you from enjoying the flesh, why do you eat what has a soul against nature?
ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἄψυχον ἄν τις φάγοι καὶ νεκρὸν οἷόν ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ ἕψουσιν ὀπτῶσι μεταβάλλουσι διὰ πυρὸς καὶ φαρμάκων, ἀλλοιοῦντες καὶ τρέποντες καὶ σβεννύοντες ἡδύσμασι μυρίοις τὸν φόνον, ἵνʼ ἡ γεῦσις ἐξαπατηθεῖσα προσδέξηται τἀλλότριον.
But no one would eat even a soulless corpse as it is, but they boil, roast, and transform it through fire and ingredients, altering, turning, and extinguishing the slaughter with countless seasonings, so that the taste, being deceived, may accept what is foreign.
καίτοι χάριέν γε τὸ τοῦ Λάκωνος, ὃς ἰχθύδιον ἐν πανδοκείῳ πριάμενος τῷ πανδοκεῖ σκευάσαι παρέδωκεν· αἰτοῦντος δʼ ἐκείνου τυρὸν καὶ ὄξος καὶ ἔλαιον,
ἀλλʼ εἰ ταῦτʼ εἶχον
εἶπεν
οὐκ ἂν ἰχθὺν ἐπριάμην
ἡμεῖς δʼ οὕτως ἐν τῷ μιαιφόνῳ τρυφῶμεν, ὥστʼ ὄψον τὸ κρέας προσαγορεύομεν, εἶτ̓ ὄψων πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ κρέας δεόμεθα, ἀναμιγνύντες ἔλαιον οἶνον μέλι γάρον ὄντως ἡδύσμασι Συριακοῖς Ἀραβικοῖς, ὥσπερ ὄξος νεκρὸν ἐνταφιάζοντες.
And yet, how witty was the Laconian who, having bought a small fish in an inn, gave it to the innkeeper to prepare; and when the latter asked for cheese, vinegar, and oil, 'But if I had these,' he said, 'I would not have bought a fish.' But we are so luxurious in our bloodshed that we call meat an 'add-on' (delicacy), and then we need other delicacies for the meat itself, mixing oil, wine, honey, fish sauce, truly with Syrian and Arabian seasonings, as if embalming a corpse.
καὶ γὰρ οὕτως αὐτῶν διαλυθέντων καὶ μαλαχθέντων καὶ τρόπον τινὰ προσαπέντων ἔργον ἐστὶ τὴν πέψιν κρατῆσαι, καὶ διακρατηθείσης δὲ δεινὰς βαρύτητας ἐμποιεῖ καὶ νοσώδεις ἀπεψίας.
For indeed, even when they are thus dissolved, softened, and in a way pre-digested, it is a task for digestion to master them, and even when it does master them, it causes terrible heaviness and diseased indigestion.