§8ΓΡ. οὕτω δὲ φαῦλοι καὶ ἀκρατεῖς περὶ τὰς εἰρημένας ἐπιθυμίας ὄντες ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐν ταῖς ἀναγκαίαις ἐλέγχονται πολὺ τῷ σωφρονεῖν ἀπολειπόμενοι τῶν θηρίων, αὗται δʼ εἰσὶν αἱ περὶ βρῶσιν καὶ πόσιν ὧν ἡμεῖς μὲν τὸ ἡδὺ μετὰ χρείας τινὸς ἀεὶ λαμβάνομεν ὑμεῖς δὲ τὴν ἡδονὴν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν τῆς τροφῆς διώκοντες ὑπὸ πολλῶν καὶ μακρῶν κολάζεσθε νοσημάτων, ἅπερ ἐκ μιᾶς πηγῆς ἐπαντλούμενα τῆς πλησμονῆς τοῖς σώμασι παντοδαπῶν πνευμάτων καὶ δυσκαθάρτων ὑμᾶς ἐμπίπλησι.
GR. And thus, being base and self-indulgent regarding the aforementioned desires, in those that are necessary you are proved to be even more deficient in temperance than the beasts. And these necessary desires are those concerning eating and drinking, of which we indeed always receive pleasure along with some utility, while you, pursuing pleasure rather than the food which is according to nature, are punished by many and lingering diseases, which, being drawn from a single source—satiety—fill you, in your bodies, with all kinds of wind and difficult-to-purge humors.
πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἑκάστῳ γένει ζῴου μία τροφὴ σύμφυλός ἐστι, τοῖς μὲν πόα τοῖς δὲ ῥίζα τις ἢ καρπός· ὅσα δὲ σαρκοφαγεῖ, πρὸς οὐδὲν ἄλλο τρέπεται βορᾶς εἶδος οὐδʼ ἀφαιρεῖται τῶν ἀσθενεστέρων τὴν τροφήν· ἀλλʼ ἐᾷ νέμεσθαι καὶ λέων ἔλαφον καὶ λύκος πρόβατον πέφυκεν.
For first, for each kind of animal, there is one congenial food: for some grass, for others some root or fruit; but those that are carnivorous turn to no other kind of food, nor do they rob the weaker of their food; but the predator allows them to graze, and the lion is naturally suited to the deer, and the wolf to the sheep.
ὁ δʼ ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ πάντα ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ὑπὸ λαιμαργίας ἐξαγόμενος καὶ πειρώμενος πάντων καὶ ἀπογευόμενος, ὡς οὐδέπω τὸ πρόσφορον καὶ οἰκεῖον ἐγνωκώς, μόνος γέγονε τῶν ὄντων παμφάγον.
But man, being led away toward all things by his gluttony for pleasures, and trying and tasting all things, as if he had not yet recognized what is suitable and appropriate, has become alone of all living things omnivorous.
καὶ σαρξὶ χρῆται πρῶτον ὑπʼ οὐδεμιᾶς ἀπορίας οὐδʼ ἀμηχανίας, ᾧ πάρεστιν ἀεὶ καθʼ ὥραν ἄλλα ἐπʼ ἄλλοις ἀπὸ φυτῶν καὶ σπερμάτων τρυγῶντι καὶ λαμβάνοντι καὶ δρεπομένῳ μὴ κάμνειν διὰ πλῆθος· ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ τρυφῆς καὶ κόρου τῶν ἀναγκαίων βρώσεις ἀνεπιτηδείους καὶ οὐ καθαρὰς σφαγαῖς ζῴων μετερχόμενος πολὺ τῶν ἀγριωτάτων θηρίων ὠμότερον.
And he eats meat, in the first place, not out of any want or helplessness, for whom it is always possible, as he harvests and takes and plucks one thing after another from plants and seeds according to the season, not to grow weary because of the abundance; but out of luxury and satiety with necessary things, he pursues unsuitable and unclean foods through the slaughter of animals, acting far more savagely than the wildest of beasts.
αἷμα μὲν γὰρ καὶ φόνος καὶ σάρκες ἰκτίνῳ καὶ λύκῳ καὶ δράκοντι σιτίον οἰκεῖον, ἀνθρώπῳ δʼ ὄψον ἐστίν.
For blood and slaughter and flesh are congenial food for the hawk, the wolf, and the serpent, but for man they are a delicacy.
ἔπειτα παντὶ γένει χρώμενος οὐχ ὡς,· τὰ θηρία τῶν πλείστων ἀπέχεται, ὀλίγοις δὲ πολεμεῖ διὰ τὴν τῆς τροφῆς ἀνάγκην ἀλλʼ οὔτε τι πτηνὸν οὔτε νηκτόν, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, οὔτε χερσαῖον ἐκπέφευγε τὰς ἡμέρους δὴ λεγομένας; ὑμῶν καὶ φιλοξένους τραπέζας.
Then, utilizing every kind of animal, he does not do as the beasts, which abstain from most things and fight with only a few because of the necessity of food; but neither any winged creature nor swimming creature, so to speak, nor land animal has escaped your so-called civilized and hospitable tables.