§24διὰ τί περὶ τὰς πανσελήνους ἥκιστα ταῖς ἰχνοσκοπίαις ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν;
Why is it that during full moons they succeed least in tracking?
διὰ τὴν εἰρημένην αἰτίαν;
Is it for the aforementioned reason?
δροσοβόλοι γὰρ αἱ πανσέληνοι· διὸ καὶ τὴν δρόσον ὁ Ἀλκμὰν Διὸς θυγατέρα καὶ Σελήνης προσεῖπε ποιήσας
"Διὸς θυγάτηρ ἔρσα τρέφει καὶ δίας Σελάνας· "
ἡ γὰρ δρόσος ἀσθενής ἐστι καὶ ἀδρανὴς ὄμβρος, ἀσθενὲς δὲ καὶ τὸ τῆς σελήνης θερμόν· ὅθεν ἕλκει μὲν ἀπὸ γῆς ὥσπερ ὁ ἥλιος, ἄγειν δʼ εἰς ὕψος μὴ δυναμένη μηδʼ ἀναλαμβάνειν μεθίησιν.
For the full moons shed dew; wherefore also Alcman called the dew the daughter of Zeus and Selene, writing: "Dew, daughter of Zeus and of divine Selene, nourishes [all things]." For the dew is a weak and powerless rain, and the heat of the moon is also weak; whence it draws [moisture] from the earth just as the sun does, but being unable to lead it to a height or to take it up, it lets it go.
§25διὰ τί τὸ δρόσιμον γενόμενον διὰ τοῦ ψύχους δυστίβευτον;
Why is a place where dew has fallen difficult for tracking because of the cold?
πότερον ὅτι τὰ θηρία πόρρω τῶν κοιτῶν ὀκνοῦντα προϊέναι διὰ τὸ κρύος οὐ πολλὰ ποιεῖ σημεῖα·
Is it because the wild beasts, hesitating to go far from their lairs because of the cold, do not make many marks?
διὸ καί φασιν αὐτὰ φείδεσθαι τῶν πλησίον, ὅπως μὴ κακοπαθῇ πλανώμενα μακρὰν τοῦ χειμῶνος ἀλλʼ ἀεὶ ἐγγύθεν ἔχῃ νέμεσθαι·
Wherefore also they say that they spare the places near them, so that they may not suffer hardship by wandering far in the winter, but may always have pasture near at hand.
ἢ δεῖ μὴ μόνον ἔχειν ἴχνη τὸν στιβευόμενον τόπον ἀλλὰ κινεῖν τὴν ὄσφρησιν, κινεῖ δὲ λυόμενα καὶ χαλώμενα μαλακῶς ὑπὸ θερμότητος, ἡ δʼ ἄγαν περίψυξις πηγνύουσα τὰς ὀσμὰς οὐκ ἐᾷ ῥεῖν οὐδὲ κινεῖν τὴν αἴσθησιν·
Or is it that the place being tracked must not only have footprints but must also move the sense of smell, and [the scent] moves when it is gently dissolved and loosened by heat, whereas excessive cold, congealing the odors, does not allow them to flow or to move the sense [of smell]?
ὅθεν καὶ τὰ μύρα καὶ τὸν οἶνον ἧττον ὄζειν ψύχους καὶ χειμῶνος λέγουσιν· ὁ γὰρ ἀὴρ πηγνύμενος ἵστησι τὰς ὀσμὰς ἐν αὑτῷ καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ ἀναδίδοσθαι;
Whence also they say that perfumes and wine smell less in cold and winter; for does the air, being congealed, stay the odors in itself and not allow them to be given off?
§26διὰ τί τὰ ζῷα τὰς βοηθούσας δυνάμεις, ὅταν ἐν πάθει γένηται, ζητεῖ καὶ διώκει καὶ χρώμενα πολλάκις ὠφελεῖται;
Why do animals seek and pursue helpful properties when they fall into a state of disease, and by using them are often benefited?
καθάπερ αἱ κύνες ἐσθίουσι πόαν, ἵνα τὴν χολὴν ἐξεμῶσιν· αἱ δʼ ὕες ἐπὶ τοὺς ποταμίους καρκίνους φέρονται, βοηθοῦνται γὰρ ἐσθίουσαι πρὸς κεφαλαλγίαν· ἡ δὲ χελώνη φαγοῦσα τὴν σάρκα τοῦ ἔχεως ὀρίγανον ἐπεσθίει· τὴν δʼ ἄρκτον λέγουσιν ἀσωμένην τοὺς μύρμηκας ἀναλαμβάνειν τῇ γλώττῃ καὶ καταπίνουσαν ἀπαλλάττεσθαι·
Just as dogs eat grass so that they may vomit up bile; and swine rush toward river crabs, for they are helped by eating them against headache; and the tortoise, having eaten the flesh of the viper, eats wild marjoram afterwards; and they say that the bear, when feeling sick, takes up ants with its tongue and by swallowing them is rid of the trouble.
τούτων δʼ οὔτε πεῖρα καὶ περίπτωσις γέγονεν αὐτοῖς.
Yet neither experience nor accidental encounter of these things has occurred to them.
πότερον οὖν, ὥσπερ τὰ κηρία τὴν μέλιτταν τῇ ὀσμῇ καὶ τὰ κενέβρεια τὸν γῦπα κινεῖ καὶ προσάγεται πόρρωθεν, οὕτως οὖν καὶ σῦς οἱ καρκίνοι καὶ τὴν χελώνην ἡ ὀρίγανος, αἱ δὲ μυρμηκιαὶ τὴν ἄρκτον ὀσμαῖς καὶ ῥεύμασι προσφερέσι καὶ οἰκείοις ἕλκουσιν, οὐ λογισμῷ τοῦ συμφέροντος ἀγούσης τῆς αἰσθήσεως·
Is it then that, just as honeycombs move the bee by their odor, and carrion draws the vulture from afar, so also the crabs draw the sow, and the wild marjoram the tortoise, and the anthills the bear, by odors and effluences that are appropriate and akin to them, with the sense [of smell] leading them without any calculation of what is beneficial?
ἢ τὰς ὀρέξεις ἐπιφέρουσι τοῖς ζῴοις αἱ τῶν σωμάτων κράσεις, ἃς αἱ νόσοι ποιοῦσι, διαφόρους δριμύτητας ἢ γλυκύτητας ἤ τινας ἄλλας ἐντίκτουσαι ποιότητας ἀήθεις καὶ ἀτόπους, τῶν ὑγρῶν τρεπομένων;
Or do the mixtures of the bodies, which diseases produce, bring desires upon the animals, engendering different sharp or sweet or some other unusual and strange qualities as the humors are altered?
ὡς δῆλόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν γυναικῶν, ὅταν κύωσι, καὶ λίθους καὶ γῆν προσφερομένων διὸ καὶ τῶν νοσούντων ταῖς ὀρέξεσιν οἱ χαρίεντες ἰατροὶ προΐσασι τοὺς ἀσώτως ἢ σωτηρίως ἔχοντας·
As is clear in the case of women when they are pregnant, who take to eating both stones and earth. Wherefore also, from the desires of the sick, refined physicians foreknow those who are in a ruinous or a saving state.
ἱστορεῖ γοῦν Μνησίθεος ἰατρὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ πνευμονίας τὸν ἐπιθυμήσαντα κρομμύων σῴζεσθαι τὸν δὲ σύκων ἀπόλλυσθαι, διὰ τὸ ταῖς κράσεσι τὰς ὀρέξεις τὰς δὲ κράσεις τοῖς πάθεσιν ἕπεσθαι.
At any rate, Mnesitheus the physician records that at the beginning of pneumonia, the one who desired onions was saved, but the one who desired figs perished, because the desires follow the mixtures, and the mixtures follow the diseases.
πιθανὸν οὖν ἐστι καὶ τῶν θηρίων τὰ μὴ παντελῶς ὀλεθρίοις μηδʼ ἀναιρετικοῖς περιπίπτοντα νοσήμασι ταύτην τὴν διάθεσιν καὶ κρᾶσιν ἴσχειν, ὑφʼ ἧς ἐπὶ τὰ σῴζοντα φέρεται καὶ ἄγεται ταῖς ὀρέξεσιν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν.
It is probable, therefore, that those of the wild beasts which do not fall into altogether deadly or destructive diseases also have this disposition and mixture, by which each of them is carried and led by its desires toward what saves it.
§27διὰ τί τὸ γλεῦκος, ἂν ὑπὸ ψύχους περιέχηται τὸ ἀγγεῖον, γλυκὺ διαμένει πολὺν χρόνον;
Why does must, if the vessel is surrounded by cold, remain sweet for a long time?
πότερον ὅτι πέψις ἐστὶ τοῦ γλεύκους ἡ εἰς τὸ οἰνῶδες μεταβολὴ κωλύει δὲ τὴν πέψιν ἡ ψυχρότης, ὑπὸ θερμοῦ γὰρ ἡ πέψις·
Is it because the change of must into a wine-like state is a digestion, and coldness prevents digestion, since digestion is caused by heat?
ἢ τοὐναντίον, οἰκεῖός ἐστι τῆς σταφυλῆς χυμὸς ὁ γλυκύς, διὸ καὶ πεπαίνεσθαι λέγεται τὸ γλυκὺ κιρνώμενον ἡ δὲ ψυχρότης οὐκ ἐῶσα διαπνεῖν ἀλλὰ συνέχουσα τὸ θερμόν, τὴν γλυκύτητα διατηρεῖ τοῦ γλεύκους;
Or, on the contrary, is the sweet juice the natural juice of the grape, wherefore also that which is sweet is said to ripen when mixed? And does coldness, by not allowing the heat to transpire but holding it together, preserve the sweetness of the must?
αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν αἰτία καὶ τῶν τρυγωμένων ὄμβρῳ τὸ γλεῦκος ἧττον ἀναζεῖν·
And is this the cause also why must from grapes harvested in rain ferments less?
ἡ γὰρ ζέσις ὑπὸ θερμότητος τὴν δὲ θερμότητα κατέχει καὶ συστέλλει τὸ ψυχρόν.
For boiling is caused by heat, and cold restrains and contracts heat.