Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Lives of the Ten Orators §1.1#2

Anecdotes, Works, and the Decree Against Antiphon

Passage 2 of 19 · Greek

Summary

Relates anecdotes of Antiphon's life, his tragedy writing, and his healing of grief, listing his notable speeches, followed by the complete text of the decree of his prosecution and condemnation after the fall of the Four Hundred.

§1.1#2ἐστι χαλκός, καὶ τῶν πολλῶν διαφερομένων, αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν ἄριστον εἶναι ἐξ οὗ Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων πεποίηνται·
"(some said it) was bronze, and when the majority disagreed, he himself said that the best was that from which Harmodius and Aristogeiton were made.
τοῦτο δʼ ἀκούσαντα τὸν Διονύσιον καὶ ὑπονοήσαντα προτροπὴν εἰς ἐπίθεσιν εἶναι τὸ ῥηθὲν προστάξαι ἀναιρεθῆναι αὐτόν οἱ δέ, ὅτι τὰς τραγῳδίας αὐτοῦ διέσυρε, χαλεπήναντα.
On hearing this, Dionysius, suspecting that what had been said was an instigation to an attack, ordered him to be executed. But others say that he did so because Dionysius was angered by his criticizing his tragedies.
φέρονται δὲ τοῦ ῥήτορος λόγοι ἑξήκοντα; ὧν κατεψευσμένους; φησὶ Καικίλιος εἶναι τοὺς εἰκοσιπέντε.
Sixty speeches are current under the name of the orator, of which Caecilius says twenty-five are spurious.
κεκωμῴδηται δʼ εἰς φιλαργυρίαν ὑπὸ Πλάτωνος ἐν Πεισάνδρῳ.
He was also ridiculed for his love of money by Plato in the Peisander.
λέγεται δὲ τραγῳδίας συνθεῖναι καὶ ἰδίᾳ καὶ σὺν Διονυσίῳ τῷ τυράννῳ.
And he is said to have composed tragedies both on his own and in collaboration with the tyrant Dionysius.
ἔτι δʼ ὢν πρὸς τῇ ποιήσει τέχνην ἀλυπίας συνεστήσατο, ὥσπερ τοῖς νοσοῦσιν ἡ παρὰ τῶν ἰατρῶν θεραπεία ὑπάρχει·
While he was still devoted to poetry, he established an art of healing grief, just as healing by doctors exists for the sick.
ἐν Κορίνθῳ τε κατεσκευασμένος οἴκημά τι παρὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν προέγραψεν, ὅτι δύναται τοὺς λυπουμένους διὰ λόγων θεραπεύειν καὶ πυνθανόμενος τὰς αἰτίας παρεμυθεῖτο τοὺς κάμνοντας.
And having established a house in Corinth near the marketplace, he posted a notice that he was able to cure those in grief through speeches; and inquiring into the causes, he comforted the sufferers.
νομίζων δὲ τὴν τέχνην ἐλάττω ἢ καθʼ αὑτὸν εἶναι ἐπὶ ῥητορικὴν ἀπετράπη.
But thinking that this art was too minor for his talents, he turned to rhetoric.
εἰσὶ δʼ οἳ καὶ τὸ Γλαύκου τοῦ Ῥηγίνου περὶ ποιητῶν βιβλίον εἰς Ἀντιφῶντα ἀναφέρουσιν.
There are some who also attribute the book of Glaucus of Rhegium On the Poets to Antiphon.
ἐπαινεῖται δʼ αὐτοῦ μάλιστα ὁ περὶ Ἡρώδου, καὶ ὁ πρὸς Ἐρασίστρατον περὶ. τῶν ταῶν, καὶ ὁ περὶ τῆς εἰσαγγελίας, ὃν ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ γέγραφε, καὶ ὁ πρὸς Δημοσθένη τὸν στρατηγὸν παρανόμων.
Of his speeches, the most praised is the one On Herodes, and the one against Erasistratus On the Peacocks, and the one On the Impeachment, which he wrote in his own defense, and the one against Demosthenes the general On Illegal Proposals.
ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ κατὰ Ἱπποκράτους; τοῦ στρατηγοῦ λόγον καὶ εἷλεν αὐτὸν ἐξ ἐρήμου.
He also wrote a speech against Hippocrates the general and convicted him in an uncontested suit.
ψήφισμα ἐπὶ Θεοπόμπου ἄρχοντος, ἐφʼ οὗ οἱ τετρακόσιοι κατελύθησαν, καθʼ ὃ ἔδοξεν Ἀντιφῶντα κριθῆναι, ὃ Καικίλιος παρατέθειται. ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ μιᾷ καὶ εἰκοστῇ τῆς πρυτανείας· Δημόνικος Ἀλωπεκῆθεν Φιλόστρατος, Φιλόστρατοιε Παλληνεὺς ἐπεστάτει·
The following is the decree passed in the archonship of Theopompus, under whom the Four Hundred were overthrown, according to which it was resolved that Antiphon should be tried, which Caecilius has set forth: Resolved by the Council on the twenty-first day of the prytany; Demonicus of Alopece (was secretary), Philostratus of Pallene presided.
Ἄνδρων εἶπε περὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οὓς ἀποφαίνουσιν οἱ στρατηγοὶ πρεσβευομένους εἰς Λακεδαίμονα ἐπὶ κακῷ τῆς πόλεως τῆς Ἀθηναίων, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου πλεῖν ἐπὶ πολεμίας νεὼς καὶ πεζεῦσαι διὰ Δεκελείας, Ἀρχεπτόλεμον καὶ Ὀνομακλέα καὶ Ἀντιφῶντα συλλαβεῖν καὶ ἀποδοῦναι εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον, ὅπως δῶσι δίκην παρασχόντων δʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ στρατηγοί, καὶ ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς οὕστινας ἂν δοκῇ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς, προσελομένοις μέχρι δέκα, ὅπως ἂν περὶ παρόντων γένηται ἡ κρίσις. προσκαλεσάσθωσαν δʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ θεσμοθέται ἐν τῇ αὔριον ἡμέρᾳ καὶ εἰσαγόντων, ἐπειδὰν αἱ κλήσεις ἐξήκωσιν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον, περὶ προδοσίας κατηγορεῖν τοὺς ᾑρημένους συνηγόρους καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ ἄλλους, ἄν τις βούληται· ὅτου δʼ ἂν καταψηφίσηται τὸ δικαστήριον, περὶ αὐτοῦ ποιεῖν κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ὃς κεῖται περὶ τῶν προδόντων.
Andron proposed: concerning the men whom the generals declare to have gone as ambassadors to Lacedaemon to the detriment of the city of the Athenians, and to have sailed from the camp on an enemy ship, and to have gone on foot through Decelea, namely Archeptolemus, Onomacles, and Antiphon, to arrest them and deliver them to the court, so that they may pay the penalty; and that the generals deliver them, and such members of the Council as the generals may choose, up to ten men, so that the trial may take place in their presence; and let the thesmothetae summon them tomorrow, and when the summonses are returned, let them bring them into court; and let the chosen advocates, the generals, and anyone else who wishes, accuse them of treason; and whatever the court decrees concerning anyone, let them act in accordance with the law which is established concerning traitors.
Τούτῳ ὑπογέγραπται τῷ δόγματι ἡ καταδίκη.
Under this decree is written the condemnation.
προδοσίας ὦφλον Ἀρχεπτόλεμος Ἱπποδάμου Ἀγρύληθεν παρών, Ἀντιφῶν Σοφίλου Ῥαμνούσιος· παρών τούτοιν·
Archeptolemus, son of Hippodamus, of Agryle, being present, and Antiphon, son of Sophilus, of Rhamnus, being present, were convicted of treason.
ἐτιμήθη τοῖς, ἕνδεκα παραδοθῆναι καὶ τὰ χρήματα δημόσια εἶναι καὶ τῆς θεοῦ τὸ ἐπιδέκατον, καὶ τὼ οἰκία κατασκάψαι αὐτῶν καὶ ὅρους θεῖναι τοῖν οἰκοπέδοιν, ἐπιγράψαντας ΑΡΧΕΠΤΟΛΕΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΤΙΦΩΝΤΟΣ ΤΟΙΝ ΠΡΟΔΟΝΤΟΙΝ. τὼ δὲ δημάρχω ἀποφῆναι τὴν οὐσίαν αὐτοῖν καὶ μὴ ἐξεῖναι θάψαι Ἀρχεπτόλεμον καὶ Ἀντιφῶντα Ἀθήνησι, μηδʼ ὅσης Ἀθηναῖοι κρατοῦσι· καὶ ἄτιμον εἶναι Ἀρχεπτόλεμον καὶ Ἀντιφῶντα καὶ γένος τὸ ἐκ τούτοιν, καὶ νόθους καὶ γνησίους καὶ ἐάν τις ποιήσηταί τινα τῶν ἐξ Ἀρχεπτολέμου καὶ Ἀντιφῶντος, ἄτιμος ἔστω ὁ ποιησάμενος.
These two were sentenced to be delivered to the Eleven, and their property was confiscated for public use, with a tenth part belonging to the goddess, and their houses were to be demolished and boundary stones placed on the plots of their houses, inscribed: "OF ARCHEPTOLEMUS AND ANTIPHON, THE TRAITORS." And let the demarchs declare their property, and let it not be permitted to bury Archeptolemus and Antiphon in Athens, nor in any territory which the Athenians rule; and let Archeptolemus and Antiphon and their offspring, both illegitimate and legitimate, be disenfranchised; and if anyone adopts any of the offspring of Archeptolemus and Antiphon, let the one who adopts be disenfranchised.
ταῦτα δὲ γράψαι ἐν στήλῃ χαλκῇ· καὶ ᾗπερ ἀνάκειται τὰ ψηφίσματα τὰ περὶ Φρυνίχου, καὶ τοῦτο θέσθαι.
And let these things be written on a bronze pillar, and let this be placed where the decrees concerning Phrynichus are set up.

Notes

  1. 833bἐστι χαλκός — This phrase directly connects to the end of the previous chunk, "and when an inquiry arose during a drinking party as to what was the best (γενομένης δὲ παρὰ πότον ζητήσεως, τίς ἄριστός;)". The subject and introductory elements (such as "some said it") are omitted before `ἐστι χαλκός`. The following phrase `τῶν πολλῶν διαφερομένων` is a genitive absolute.
  2. 833fπαρασχόντων δʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ στρατηγοί — There is a grammatical mismatch (anacoluthon) where the participle `παρασχόντων` is in the genitive plural, while its logical subject `οἱ στρατηγοί` is in the nominative plural. This represents an irregular use of the genitive absolute or a corruption in the manuscript text.
  3. 834aτούτοιν ἐτιμήθη — The verb `ἐτιμήθη` (third-person singular passive of τιμάω) means "to assess/determine the penalty". `τούτοιν` is a dual genitive/dative form, here functioning as a dative of disadvantage ("for these two, the penalty was assessed").

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators §1.1#2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg121.humanitext-grc2:1.1%232

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