§1Πλάτωνα Κυρηναῖοι παρεκάλουν νόμους τε γραψάμενον αὐτοῖς ἀπολιπεῖν καὶ διακοσμῆσαρ τὴν πολιτείαν, ὁ δὲ παρῃτήσατο φήσας χαλεπὸν εἶναι Κυρηναίοις νομοθετεῖν οὕτως εὐτυχοῦσιν
οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω γαῦρον καὶ τραχὺ καὶ δύσαρκτον ὡς ἀνὴρ ἔφυ
εὐπραγίας δοκούσης ἐπιλαμβανόμενος.
The Cyrenaeans invited Plato to write laws for them and leave them behind, and to organize their constitution; but he declined, saying that it was difficult to legislate for Cyrenaeans who were so prosperous. For nothing is so proud, harsh, and hard to govern as a man when he thinks he has laid hold of good fortune.
διὸ τοῖς ἄρχουσι χαλεπόν ἐστι σύμβουλον περὶ ἀρχῆς; γενέσθαι τὸν γὰρ λόγον ὥσπερ ἄρχοντα παραδέξασθαι φοβοῦνται, μὴ τῆς ἐξουσίας αὐτῶν τἀγαθὸν κολούσῃ τῷ καθήκοντι δουλωσάμενος; .
Therefore, it is difficult for rulers to have a counselor concerning their rule; for they are afraid to accept Reason as a ruler, lest it should curtail the advantage of their power by enslaving them to duty.
οὐ γὰρ ἴσασι τὰ Θεοπόμπου τοῦ Σπαρτιατῶν βασιλέως, ὃς πρῶτος ἐν Σπάρτῃ τοῖς βασιλεύουσι καταμίξας τοὺς Ἐφόρους, εἶτʼ ὀνειδιζόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς γυναικός, εἰ τοῖς παισὶν ἐλάττονα παραδώσει τὴν ἀρχὴν ἧς παρέλαβε,
μείζονα μὲν οὖν
εἶπεν
ὅσῳ καὶ βεβαιοτέραν
τὸ γὰρ σφοδρὸν ἀνεὶς καὶ ἄκρατον αὐτῆς ἅμα τῷ φθόνῳ διέφυγε τὸν κίνδυνον.
For they do not know the story of Theopompus, the king of the Spartans, who was the first in Sparta to mingle the Ephors with those who ruled as kings, and when he was later reproached by his wife, because he would hand down to his children a smaller rule than that which he had received, said: "Nay, rather, greater," "by as much as it is also more secure." For by relaxing the violent and unmixed part of his power, he escaped both danger and envy.
καίτοι Θεόπομπος μὲν εἰς ἑτέρους τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ὥσπερ ῥεύματος μεγάλου παροχετευσάμενος, ὅσον ἄλλοις ἔδωκεν, αὑτοῦ περιέ πρινξιπεμ Ἰνεριιδιτιιμ. κοψεν· ὁ δʼ ἐκ φιλοσοφίας τῷ ἄρχοντι πάρεδρος καὶ φύλαξ ἐγκατοικισθεὶς λόγος, ὥσπερ εὐεξίας τῆς δυνάμεως τὸ ἐπισφαλὲς ἀφαιρῶν, ἀπολείπει τὸ ὑγιαῖνον.
And yet, while Theopompus, by diverting the power of his rule like a great stream to others, cut off from his own power as much as he gave to others, the Reason that is established from philosophy in the ruler as a counselor and guardian, taking away what is perilous from the health of his power, leaves behind only what is healthy.
§2ἀλλὰ νοῦν οὐκ ἔχοντες οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἀρχόντων μιμοῦνται τοὺς ἀτέχνους ἀνδριαντοποιούς, οἳ νομίζουσι μεγάλους καὶ ἁδροὺς φαίνεσθαι τοὺς κολοσσούς, ἂν διαβεβηκότας σφόδρα καὶ διατεταμένους καὶ κεχηνότας πλάσωσι καὶ γὰρ οὗτοι βαρύτητι φωνῆς καὶ βλέμματος τραχύτητι καὶ δυσκολίᾳ τρόπων καὶ ἀμιξίᾳ διαίτης ὄγκον ἡγεμονίας καὶ σεμνότητα μιμεῖσθαι δοκοῦσιν, οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν τῶν κολοσσικῶν διαφέροντες ἀνδριάντων, οἳ τὴν ἔξωθεν ἡρωικὴν καὶ θεοπρεπῆ μορφὴν ἔχοντες; ἐντός εἰσι γῆς μεστοὶ καὶ λίθου καὶ μολίβδου· πλὴν ὅτι τῶν μὲν ἀνδριάντων ταῦτα τὰ βάρη τὴν ὀρθότητα μόνιμον καὶ ἀκλινῆ διαφυλάττει, οἱ δʼ ἀπαίδευτοι στρατηγοὶ καὶ ἡγεμόνες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐντὸς ἀγνωμοσύνης πολλάκις σαλεύονται καὶ περιτρέπονται βάσει γὰρ οὐ κειμένῃ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἐξουσίαν ἐποικοδομοῦντες ὑψηλὴν συναπονεύουσι.
But many kings and rulers, having no sense, imitate unskilled sculptors, who think that colossi appear large and robust if they fashion them with legs wide apart and limbs stretched out and mouths agape. For indeed, these rulers think that by gravity of voice, harshness of look, difficulty of manners, and unsociability of life they are imitating the weight and majesty of leadership, differing not a bit from colossal statues, which, having an heroic and godlike form on the outside, are filled inside with earth, stone, and lead; except that, while in the case of statues these heavy weights preserve their uprightness stable and unbending, uneducated generals and leaders are often shaken and overturned by the ignorance within them. For building a high power upon a foundation that does not lie upright, they lean over and fall with it.
, δεῖ δέ, ὥσπερ ὁ κανὼν αὐτός, ἀστραβὴς γενόμενος καὶ ἀδιάστροφος, οὕτως ἀπευθύνει τὰ λοιπὰ τῇ πρὸς αὑτὸν ἐφαρμογῇ καὶ παραθέσει συνεξομοιῶν, παραπλησίως τὸν ἄρχοντα πρῶτον αὑτὸν τὴν ἀρχὴν κτησάμενον ἐν ἑαυτῷ καὶ κατευθύναντα τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ καταστησάμενον τὸ ἦθος οὕτω συναρμόττειν τὸ ὑπήκοον οὔτε γὰρ πίπτοντός ἐστιν ὀρθοῦν οὔτε διδάσκειν ἀγνοοῦντος οὔτε κοσμεῖν ἀκοσμοῦντος ἢ τάττειν ἀτακτοῦντος ἢ ἄρχειν μὴ ἀρχομένου·
But just as a measuring rule itself, being straight and undistorted, straightens other things by application and comparison to itself, conforming them to it, in the same way the ruler must first acquire the rule within himself, and having directed his own soul and established his character, thus harmonize his subjects. For it is not possible for one who is falling to set others upright, nor for one who is ignorant to teach, nor for one who is disorderly to adorn, nor for one who is chaotic to arrange, nor for one who is not ruled to rule.
ἀλλʼ οἱ πολλοὶ κακῶς φρονοῦντες οἴονται πρῶτον ἐν τῷ ἄρχειν ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τὸ μὴ ἄρχεσθαι, καὶ ὅ γε Περσῶν βασιλεὺς πάντας. ἡγεῖτο δούλους πλὴν τῆς αὑτοῦ γυναικός, ἧς μάλιστα δεσπότης ὤφειλεν εἶναι.
But the majority, being foolish, think that the first good in ruling is not to be ruled, and the King of Persia, indeed, regarded all as slaves except his own wife, over whom he ought most of all to have been master.