§9οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο χρήσιμόν ἐστιν ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ λόγῳ καταμαθεῖν, ὅτι μιγνύων ἐμμελέστατα τῷ περὶ αὑτοῦ λόγῳ τὸν περὶ τῶν ἀκουόντων ἔπαινον ἀνεπίφθονον ἐποίει καὶ ἀφίλαυτον· οἵους μὲν Εὐβοεῦσιν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι παρέσχον αὑτοὺς οἵους δὲ Θηβαίοις, ὅσα δὲ Βυζαντίους ἀγαθὰ καὶ Χερρονησίτας ἐποίησαν· αὑτῷ δὲ τῆς διακονίας μετεῖναι φάσκων.
Furthermore, it is useful to observe in that speech that by blending most skillfully with his own praise the praise of his hearers, he made it free from envy and unselfish, by showing what kind of men the Athenians proved themselves to Euboeans, and what kind to Thebans, and what benefits they bestowed on the Byzantines and Chersonesians, claiming for himself only a share of the service.
λανθάνει γὰρ οὕτω τὸν ἀκροατὴν τοῖς ἰδίοις ἐπαίνοις συνυποδυόμενος ὃς τοῦ ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ λεγομένοις ἥδεται καὶ χάριν μὲν ἐφʼ οἶς κατώρθωσεν ἔχει, τῷ δὲ χαίρειν εὐθὺς ἕπεται τὸ θαυμάζειν καὶ ἀγαπᾶν διʼ ὃν κατώρθωσεν.
For in this way, the speaker, without the hearer realizing it, associates him with his own praises; and the hearer, who rejoices in what is said on his own behalf, feels gratitude for his successes, and this joy is immediately followed by admiration and love for the person through whom he succeeded.
ὅθεν καὶ Ἐπαμεινώνδας, Μενεκλείδου ποτὲ χλευάζοντος αὐτὸν ὡς μεῖζον τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος φρονοῦντα,
διʼ ὑμᾶς γʼ
εἶπεν
ὦ ἄνδρες Θηβαῖοι, μεθʼ ὧν μόνον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ κατέλυσα τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχήν. §10ἐπεὶ δὲ τῷ μὲν ἑαυτὸν ἐπαινοῦντι πολεμοῦσιν οἱ πολλοὶ σφόδρα καὶ ἄχθονται, τῷ δʼ ἑτέρους οὐχ ὁμοίως, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαίρουσι πολλάκις καὶ συνεπιμαρτυροῦσι προθύμως·
Hence Epaminondas also, when Meneclides once mocked him as having a spirit greater than Agamemnon's, said: "It is because of you, O Men of Thebes," he said, "with whom alone in a single day I dissolved the empire of the Lacedaemonians." But since most people vehemently oppose and are annoyed by a man who praises himself, but not in the same way by one who praises others, rather often rejoicing and eagerly joining in the testimony; some are accustomed, by praising at the right time those who choose and practice the same things as themselves and are altogether of similar character, to make the hearer sympathetic and well-disposed to themselves.
εἰώθασιν ἔνιοι τοὺς ταὐτὰ προαιρουμένους καὶ πράττοντας αὐτοῖς καὶ ὅλως ὁμοιοτρόπους, ἐπαινοῦντες ἐν καιρῷ συνοικειοῦν καὶ συνεπιστρέφειν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς τὸν ἀκροατήν· ἐπιγιγνώσκει γὰρ εὐθὺς ἐν τῷ λέγοντι, κἂν περὶ ἄλλου λέγηται, τὴν ὁμοιότητα τὴν ἀρετῆς τῶν αὐτῶν ἀξίαν ἐπαίνων οὖσαν.
For the hearer immediately recognizes in the speaker, even if it is said about another, the similarity of virtue which is worthy of the same praises.
ὡς γὰρ ὁ λοιδορῶν ἕτερον ἐφʼ οἷς αὐτὸς ἔνοχός ἐστιν, λανθάνει λοιδορῶν μᾶλλον ἑαυτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνον, οὕτως οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς τιμῶντες ἀναμιμνήσκουσιν αὑτῶν τοὺς συνειδότας· ὥστʼ εὐθὺς ἐπιφωνεῖν
σὺ γὰρ οὐ τοιοῦτος; Ἀλέξανδρος μὲν οὖν Ἡρακλέα τιμῶν καὶ πάλιν Ἀλέξανδρον Ἀνδρόκοττος, ἑαυτοὺς; εἰς τὸ τιμᾶσθαι προῆγον ἀπὸ τῶν ὁμοίων.
For just as he who reproaches another for things of which he himself is guilty does not realize that he is reproaching himself rather than the other, so good men, by honoring good men, remind those who know them of themselves, so that they immediately cry out: "For are you not also of this kind?" Alexander, then, by honoring Heracles, and again Androcottus, by honoring Alexander, led themselves to be honored starting from those who were similar to them.
Διονύσιος δὲ τὸν Γέλωνα διασύρων καὶ γέλωτα τῆς Σικελίας ἀποκαλῶν, ἐλάνθανεν ὑπὸ φθόνου καθαιρῶν τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα τῆς περὶ αὑτὸν δυνάμεως.
But Dionysius, by disparaging Gelon and calling him the "laugh" of Sicily, did not realize that out of envy he was tearing down the greatness and dignity of his own power.
§11ταῦτα μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλως ἐπίστασθαι καὶ παραφυλάττειν τῷ πολιτικῷ προσήκει.
These things, therefore, it is fitting for a politician to understand and observe in other ways as well.
τοὺς δʼ ἀναγκασθέντας ἐπαινεῖν αὑτοὺς ἐλαφροτέρους παρέχει καὶ τὸ μὴ πάντα προσποιεῖν ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ φορτίου τῆς δόξης τὸ μὲν εἰς τὴν τύχην τὸ δʼ εἰς τὸν θεὸν ἀποτίθεσθαι.
But for those who are forced to praise themselves, it makes them more acceptable if they do not claim everything for themselves, but, as if from a burden of glory, attribute some of it to fortune and some to God.
διὸ καλῶς μὲν ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς
"ἐπεὶ δὴ τόνδʼ ἄνδρα θεοὶ δαμάσασθαι ἔδωκαν"
καλῶς δὲ Τιμολέων, ἐν Συρακούσαις Αὐτοματίας βωμὸν ἱδρυσάμενος ἐπὶ ταῖς πράξεσι καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν
ἀγαθῷ δαίμονι
καθιερώσας·
Therefore, Achilles did well when he said: "since indeed the gods have granted that this man be subdued," and Timoleon did well when he established an altar to Automatia in Syracuse because of his achievements and dedicated his house to the Good Daemon.
ἄριστα δὲ Πύθων ὁ Αἴνιος, ἐπειδὴ Κότυν ἀποκτείνας ἧκεν εἰς Ἀθήνας καὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν διαμιλλωμένων τοῖς ἐγκωμίοις αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ᾔσθετο βασκαίνοντας ἐνίους καὶ βαρυνομένους, παρελθών
ταῦτʼ
εἶπεν
ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, θεός τις ἔπραξεν, ἡμεῖς δὲ τὰς χεῖρας ἐχρήσαμεν
ἀφῄρει δὲ καὶ Σύλλας τὸν φθόνον ἀεὶ τὴν Τύχην ἐπαινῶν, καὶ τέλος Ἐπαφρόδιτον ἑαυτὸν προσανηγόρευσε.
And best of all did Python of Aenus, when, having killed Cotys, he came to Athens, and when he perceived that some of the demagogues, who were competing with one another in praising him before the assembly, were envious and burdened, he came forward and said: "These things, Men of Athens, some god has done, and we only lent our hands." Sulla also removed envy by always praising Fortune, and finally surnamed himself Epaphroditus.
μᾶλλον γὰρ εὐτυχίας ἢ ἀρετῆς ἡττᾶσθαι βούλονται τὸ μὲν ἀλλότριον ἀγαθὸν ἡγούμενοι, τὸ δʼ οἰκεῖον ἔλλειμμα καὶ παρʼ αὑτοὺς γενόμενον.
For people prefer to be defeated by fortune rather than by virtue, considering the former to be another's good fortune, but the latter to be their own deficiency arising from themselves.
οὐχ ἥκιστα γοῦν λέγουσιν ἀρέσαι Λοκροῖς τὴν Ζαλεύκου νομοθεσίαν, ὅτι τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν ἔφασκεν αὑτῷ φοιτῶσαν εἰς ὄψιν ἑκάστοτε τοὺς νόμους ὑφηγεῖσθαι καὶ διδάσκειν αὑτοῦ δὲ μηδὲν εἶναι διανόημα μηδὲ βούλευμα τῶν εἰσφερομένων.
At any rate, they say that Zaleucus' legislation pleased the Locrians not least because he claimed that Athena visited him in person each time to suggest and teach him the laws, and that none of the proposals was his own thought or design.